104 research outputs found
Рецидивы рака вульвы и результаты их терапии (20-летний опыт)
Лечение больных с рецидивами рака вульвы представляет собой
сложную задачу и требует индивидуализированного комплексного подхода. Получены обнадеживающие результаты при использовании комбинации
хирургического и криохирургического метода в сочетании с нео- и адъювантной химиолучевой терапией. Ключевые слова: рак вульвы,
рецидив, лечение, хирургический
метод, криохирургия,
комплексное лечение.Treatment of patients with carcinoma of vulva
relapses is a challenging task requiring individualized
and combined approach. Promising results are obtained
dealing with surgery and cryosurgery treatment combined
with neo- and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Key Words: vulva cancer, relapse, treatment,
surgery, cryosurgery, combined treatment
Poverty is Bad: Ways forward in livelihood research
In this paper, we take the view that the essence of poverty is the fact that one or several basic conditions for generating a living are not being met.
The conditions considered most vital for making a living are to a certain extent context specific and subject to (cultural and social) interpretation and evaluation
Poverty is Bad: Ways Forward in Livelihood Research
ASC – Publicaties niet-programma gebonde
Governing the Global Land Grab: Multipolarity, Ideas and Complexity in Transnational Governance
Since 2008, a series of new regulatory initiatives have emerged to address large-scale land grabs. These initiatives are occurring simultaneously at multiple levels of social organization instead of a single, overarching institutional site. A significant portion of this activity is taking place at the transnational level. We suggest that transnational land governance is indicative of emerging shifts in the practice of governance of global affairs. We analyze such shifts by asking two related questions: what does land grabbing tell us about developments in transnational governance, particularly with regard to North-South relations, and what do these developments in transnational governance mean for regulating land grabbing?Desde 2008, ha surgido una serie de nuevas iniciativas regulatorias para tratar acaparamientos de tierra a gran escala. Estas iniciativas están sucediendo simultáneamente a niveles múltiples de la organización social en vez de un lugar institucional predominante. Una porción importante de esta actividad está tomando lugar al nivel transnacional. Sugerimos que la gobernanza de tierras trasnacionales es indicativa de los cambios que están surgiendo en la práctica de gobernanza de los asuntos globales. Analizamos tales cambios haciendo dos preguntas relacionadas: ¿qué nos dice el acaparamiento de tierras sobre los desarrollos en la gobernanza trasnacional, particularmente con las relaciones norte-sur?, y ¿qué significan estos desarrollos en gobernanza trasnacional para regular el acaparamiento de tierras
Understanding socio-economic and environmental impacts of large scale land acquisitions in Zambia: a case study of Nansanga farm block
The surge in large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) in the global
south has captured the attention of activists, development
practitioners, policy makers and academics. Whilst proponents of LSLAs
speak of opportunities to provide food security, biofuels, eco-tourism
etc., opponents have mainly been concerned with the fate of local
communities. A growing number of studies show that local communities
can (potentially) suffer from land dispossession and involuntary
displacements, environmental degradation, diminished local food security
and sovereignty, casualisation of job opportunities and curtailed access
to water resources. But there is more to LSLAs than these starkly
opposing claims; LSLAs can be lengthy and complex operations,
cancelled, slowed down or reshaped by diverse, socio-cultural, political
and biophysical landscapes in which they unfold.
The polarised claims about LSLA deals are based on political,
socio-economic and environmental (SEE) dimensions and footprints of
the phenomenon. In light of the polarised claims and the socio-cultural,
political and biophysical landscapes in which LSLA deals unfold, the aim
of this thesis is to understand the SEE impacts of LSLA deals in Zambia,
taking Nansanga farm block as a case study.
Nansanga farm block is part of the government of Zambia’s 2002
parliamentary decree agricultural program to establish nine farm blocks in
each of the then nine provinces. Nansanga farm block, established
among the Lala people in Senior Chief Muchinda, is the most developed
of the planned nine farm blocks. The farm block is established on 155
000 ha of wet miombo woodland in central province. The land tenure had
to be converted from customary to leasehold to pave the way for
investments by urbanites and foreigners.
Understanding SEE impacts of LSLAs has been marred by
methodological and epistemological challenges. These challenges are
linked to the evolution of LSLA deals; they are punctuated with cases of
scaling down production levels, cancellations, and abandonments or
transformations of business investment models. Investors can change, for
example, from production of biofuels to food crops or mining. Such
changes trigger different intended and non-intended consequences. In
addition, LSLAs are an incipient phenomenon whose impacts are difficult
to grasp without (reliable) baseline information on the affected areas and
communities. In the absence of baselines, studies to assess short to
medium term outcomes are difficult to interpret.
Taking Nansanga farm block as a case study contributes to the
post 2013 LSLA research agenda that has called for a shift in attention
from quantifying ‘grabbed’ hectares of land and naming ‘land grabbers’ to
learning about the processes and impacts of land deals where they
happen. Thus, context-specific understandings of SEE impacts become
important to assess vulnerabilities to external influences, as well as
benefits and costs of LSLA deals in communities where they unfold.
To understand the SEE impacts at community level, I used mixed
methods. Ethnographically, I engaged with communities in Nansanga as
‘experts’ of their own experience of the farm block in their environment. I
learned from them. To understand the SEE impacts, the methods were
largely informed by rural participatory appraisal approaches. The
empirical data presented in this thesis, are therefore, ‘co-produced
knowledge’ with community members.
In terms of structure, the thesis is divided into four general parts:
setting thesis stage and study site (Chapters 1 – 3); literature review
(Chapter 4); empirical chapters (Chapters 5 – 7); and the synthesis and
conclusion (Chapter 8). The thesis presents results on four aspects of
LSLAs. First, it proposes a conceptual framework to improve our
understanding of LSLAs (Chapter 4). Second, the thesis presents results
on the role of formal and informal institutions in shaping LSLA deals and
their outcomes (Chapter 5). Third, in Chapter 6, I present results on the
political ecology of LSLA deals in limbo of development. Fourth, Chapter
7 is focused on understanding how communities cope with impacts of
LSLA deals in limbo of development. In Chapter 8, I synthesise the key
findings from the thesis before concluding with a reflection on how the
findings relate to the broader scholarship on LSLAs, the general agrarian
and development questions that the findings raise.
Overall, the thesis has contributed to understanding the SEE
impacts of LSLA deals in limbo of development in a country that is a
target for LSLAs. In the absence of baselines, the thesis has looked at
the biophysical and socio-cultural uses of the miombo woodland where
Nansanga farm block has been established, thereby developing an
ecological and socio-cultural perspective and boundary that highlights a
research path for understanding impacts later in Nansanga. The thesis
has also looked at institutional environment of Zambia as a host country,
the political ecology of ‘failed’ LSLA deals and how affected communities
cope with unfulfilled promises of LSLA deals
- …