Smooth muscle relaxant activity of 3- carbomethoxylpyridine from Pyrenacantha staudtii leaf on isolated rat uterus

Pyrenacantha staudtii leaf (Icacinaceae) is a medicinal herb used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of threatened abortion and gastrointestinal disorders. Previous chemical work in our laboratory reported the isolation and characterization of 3- carbomethoxylpyridine from the methanolic extract of this plant. The inhibitory effect of the crude extract on isolated rat uterus was also established. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of the isolated compound, 3- carbomethoxylpyridine,on rat isolated uterine preparation. This was achieved by subjecting the compound to uterine preparation in an organ bath containing a physiological salt solution of De Jalon. The contractions were recorded with an FT03 transducer attached to an Ugo Basil recorder. The study has shown for the first time that 3-carbomethoxylpyridine has a relaxant effect on the smooth muscle of the uterus promotingrelaxation of the spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions

PRESUPOSISI PADA PERCAKAPAN DI MEDIA SOSIALWHATSAPP DALAM KASUS DUGAAN PERNYATAAN PALSU

Penelitian berbasis pragmatik-forensik ini dilakukan untuk mengupas dan mendeskripsikan presuposisi baik jenis maupun pemicunya pada ujaran-ujaran seorang penutur yang diduga memberikan pernyataan palsu dalam percakapan di media sosial (WhatsApp).Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukanidentifikasi terhadap jenis dan pemicu presuposisi serta menentukan kecenderungan adanya dugaan pemberian keterangan palsu secara linguistik forensik dalam percakapan untuk kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis kualitatif. Data bahasa (linguistic evidence) yang diperoleh adalah hasil screenshot dan transkripsi data teks percakapan melalui media WhatsApp yang dilakukan oleh dua orang dalam konteks situasi non-formal.Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan 1) ujaran-ujaran penutur yang diduga memberikan pernyataan palsu dalam percakapan tersebut mengandung jenis presuposisi faktif, non-faktif, leksikal, eksistensial, dan strukutural yang diklasifikan oleh Yule; 2) presuposisi tersebut dipicu oleh adanyadefinite descriptions,lexical item, wh-questions, temporal clauses, nonfactive predicates,danfactive predicates; 3) kalimat-kalimat yang diujarkan oleh penutur ada di antaranya yang memiliki makna ganda (ambiguitas); 4) analisis presuposisi pada ujaran-ujaran tersebut secara linguistik forensik cenderung menyalahi konsep projection questions serta tidak menunjukkan adanya sebuah truth relations yang mampu memberikan konvensi nilai kebenaran atas sebuah pernyataan.;--- Research based on these forensic-pragmatics is done to peel and describe the types of presuppositions and presuppositions triggers in the speech of a speaker who gives errors in the conversation on social media (WhatsApp). The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. In this study, trying to find the type and triggers of presupposition. The language data (linguistic evidence) obtained is the result of screenshots and text transcription of data via WhatsApp by two people in the context of non-formal spaces. The results of the analysis in this study show that 1) speech utterances which are suspected of giving false statements in the conversation contain the type of factive, non-factive, existential, lexical, and structural presuppositions classified by Yule; 2) the presuppositions are triggered by definite descriptions,lexical item, wh-questions, temporal clauses, nonfactive predicates, and factive predicates; 3) sentences uttered by speakers are among those that have a double meaning (ambiguity); 4) and the presupposition analysis of these sayings in a forensic linguistic tends to violate the concept of projection questions and does not indicate the existence of a truth relation of giving a convention of truth value to a statement

Keefektifan Alat Peraga Kartu Kotif Dalam Memudahkan Pemahaman Konsep Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Pangkajene

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan menggunakan alat peraga KOTIF (Kartu Positif Negatif dan Koin Positif Negatif) dapat memudahkan pemahaman siswa pada materi Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII dan sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII Phytagoras dan VII Archimedes yang ditentukan dengan teknik simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri dari 5 nomor item soal essay (pre tes dan post tes), lembar observasi aktivitas siswa dan guru serta angket untuk mengetahui keefektifan alat peraga KOTIF. Hasil penelitian deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa dikelas eksperimen terdapat perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar sebelum dan setelah menggunakan alat peraga Koin Positif Negatif yaitu sebesar 72,58 dan 84,50. Sedangkan dikelas kontrol rata-rata hasil belajar sebelum dan setelah menggunakan alat peraga Kartu Positif Negatif yaitu sebesar 69,66, dan 81,88. Untuk hasil analisis inferensial diperoleh nilai sig. = 0,01 dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 sehingga nilai Sig. < 0,05 atau 0,001 < 0,05 berarti HO ditolak dan H1 diterima. Ini berarti Pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan alat peraga Koin Positif Negatif dikelas eksperimen yang terbuat dari tutup botol lebih efektif daripada Kartu Positif Negatif yang terbuat dari kertas dikelas kontrol.   Kata kunci :Alat Peraga, Kartu dan koin KOTIF, Pemahaman konsep

ANALISIS TINGKAT BERPIKIR SISWA BERDASARKAN TEORI VAN HIELE DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat pemikiran siswa berdasarkan teori Van Hiele pada materi dimensi tiga ditinjau dari gaya kognitif Field Independent (FI) dan Field Dependent (FD). Tingkat berpikir yang dimaksud adalah tingkat berpikir menurut teori Van Hiele yang terdiri dari lima tahapan, yaitu tahap 0 (visualisasi), tahap 1 (analisis), tahap 2 (deduksi informal), tahap 3 (deduksi), dan tahap 4 (rigor). Subjek penelitian ini adalah 4 siswa kelas XII di SMAN 1 Pangkajene yang terdiri 2 orang siswa yang mewakili kelompok Field Independent (FI) dan 2 orang siswa yang mewakili kelompok Field Dependent (FD). Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah GEFT (Group Embedded Figure Test), uji Geometri dan wawancara berbasis tes. Tes GEFT digunakan untuk mengukur gaya kognitif siswa apakah termasuk Field Independent (FI) atau Field Dependent (FD). Tes Geometri disusun sesuai dengan indikator tingkat berpikir berdasarkan teori Van Hiele. Tes ini digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat berpikir siswa ditinjau dari gaya kognitifnya. Sedangkan pedoman wawancara berisi sejumlah panduan yang bertujuan menelusuri dan mengklarifikasi jawaban siswa secara mendalam. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes dan wawancara dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan model analisis data Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) subjek pertama dan subjek kedua dengan gaya kognitif Field Independent (FI-1 dan FI-2) berada pada tingkat deduksi, (b) subjek pertama dengan gaya kognitif Dependent Dependent (FD) berada pada tingkat analisis sedangkan subjek kedua dengan gaya kognitif Dependent Dependent (FD) berada pada tingkat visualisasi. Kata Kunci : Tingkat berpikir teori van Hiele, gaya kognitif, Field Independent (FI) , Field Dependent (FD

Hairy cell leukemia in kidney transplantation: lesson from a rare disorder.

We report here on the diagnosis and successful treatment of a case of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) that arose 15 years after kidney transplantation in a 51-year-old patient. As soon as the diagnosis was made, HCL was treated with 2-CDA, obtaining complete hematological remission. Immunosuppression with the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin was maintained, and the graft was preserved. In kidney transplant recipients supported with immunosuppressive drugs, post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLDs) are frequent and typically related to immunosuppression via a loss of control of infectious/EBV-related proliferative stimuli. To date, HCL has not been considered among PTLDs. Recently, however, the oncogenic mutation V600E of the BRAF protein kinase has been found to be a hallmark of HCL, and calcineurin inhibitors have been shown to interfere with signaling downstream of V600E BRAF early on by counteracting senescence-associated mechanisms that protect against the oncogenic potential of the mutated kinase. Such a biochemical link between the oncogene-dependent signaling and calcineurin inhibitor activities suggests that HCL in transplanted patients might be a peculiar type of PTLD based on the presence of a specific mutation. This mechanism might also be involved in other neoplasias bearing the same or similar mutations, such as melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer

Current trends on seaweeds: Looking at chemical composition, phytopharmacology, and cosmetic applications

Seaweeds have received huge interest in recent years given their promising potentialities. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hypolipemic, and anticoagulant effects are among the most renowned and studied bioactivities so far, and these effects have been increasingly associated with their content and richness in both primary and secondary metabolites. Although primary metabolites have a pivotal importance such as their content in polysaccharides (fucoidans, agars, carragenans, ulvans, alginates, and laminarin), recent data have shown that the content in some secondary metabolites largely determines the effective bioactive potential of seaweeds. Among these secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds feature prominently. The present review provides the most remarkable insights into seaweed research, specifically addressing its chemical composition, phytopharmacology, and cosmetic applications.We would like to thank the University of Aveiro and FCT/MCT for their financial support for the QOPNA Research Unit (FCT UID/QUI/00062/2019) and the cE3c Center (UID/BIA/00329/2013) through national founds, and where applicable, co-financed by the FEDER within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. Martins N. would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and "NORTE2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte" (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012). Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the University of Aveiro and FCT/MCT for their financial support for the QOPNA Research Unit (FCT UID/QUI/00062/2019) and the cE3c Center (UID/BIA/00329/2013) through national founds, and where applicable, co-financed by the FEDER within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. Martins N. would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT–Portugal) for the strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norte” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)

EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FOR LANDSLIDE MONITORING

Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is gaining popularity in monitoring and predicting the movement of landslide due to the capability of high-speed data capture without requiring a direct contact with the monitored surface. It offers very high density of point cloud data in high resolution and also can be an effective tool in detecting the surface movement of the landslide area. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal level of scanning resolution for landslide monitoring using TLS. The Topcon Geodetic Laser Scanner (GLS) 2000 was used in this research to obtain the three dimensional (3D) point cloud data of the landslide area. Four types of resolution were used during scanning operation which were consist of very high, high, medium and low resolutions. After done with the data collection, the point clouds datasets were undergone the process of registration and filtering using ScanMaster software. After that, the registered point clouds datasets were analyzed using CloudCompare software. Based on the results obtained, the accuracy of TLS point cloud data between picking point manually and computed automatically by ScanMaster software shows the maximum Root Mean Square (RMS) value of coordinate differences were 0.013 m in very high resolution, 0.017 m in high resolution, 0.031 m in medium resolution and 0.052 m in low resolution respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy of TLS point cloud data between picking point manually and total station data using intersection method shows the maximum RMS values of coordinate differences were 0.013 m in very high resolution, 0.018 m in high resolution, 0.033 m in medium resolution and 0.054 m in low resolution respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that the high or very high resolution is needed for landslide monitoring using Topcon GLS-2000 which can provide more accurate data in slope result, while the low and medium resolutions is not suitable for landslide monitoring due to the accuracy of TLS point cloud data that will decreased when the resolution value is increased

Empirical Evidence of Obstacles of Women Entrepreneurship's Growth in Malaysia

Women's equality and empowerment are one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals that was initiated to eliminate gender discrimination. This goal can be achieved through establishing women entrepreneurship by employing critical failure factor analysis. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the obstacles faced by women entrepreneurs; consisting of restricted training and education, legal constraints, limited access to financial resources, and family-related interface. Besides, this study was intended to examine how these obstacles affected women entrepreneurs' growth. Data related to 109 women entrepreneurs' in Malaysia were collected. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to rank these obstacles. Subsequently, partial least square structural equation model analysis was performed on the data. The findings revealed that restricted training and education, limited access to financial resources, and family related interface have an adverse effect on women entrepreneurs' growth. Therefore, theoretically this study offered a new women entrepreneurs model by linking the obstacles and growth within a single study

Phytosterols: From Preclinical Evidence to Potential Clinical Applications

Phytosterols (PSs) are plant-originated steroids. Over 250 PSs have been isolated, and each plant species contains a characteristic phytosterol composition. A wide number of studies have reported remarkable pharmacological effects of PSs, acting as chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiatherosclerotic agents. However, PS bioavailability is a key issue, as it can be influenced by several factors (type, source, processing, preparation, delivery method, food matrix, dose, time of administration into the body, and genetic factors), and the existence of a close relationship between their chemical structures (e.g., saturation degree and side-chain length) and low absorption rates has been stated. In this sense, the present review intends to provide in-depth data on PS therapeutic potential for human health, also emphasizing their preclinical effects and bioavailability-related issues.NCM acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the Horizon 2020 Program (PTDC/PSI-GER/ 28076/2017)

Turmeric and Its Major Compound Curcumin on Health: Bioactive Effects and Safety Profiles for Food, Pharmaceutical, Biotechnological and Medicinal Applications

Curcumin, a yellow polyphenolic pigment from the Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) rhizome, has been used for centuries for culinary and food coloring purposes, and as an ingredient for various medicinal preparations, widely used in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. In recent decades, their biological activities have been extensively studied. Thus, this review aims to offer an in-depth discussion of curcumin applications for food and biotechnological industries, and on health promotion and disease prevention, with particular emphasis on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Bioavailability, bioefficacy and safety features, side effects, and quality parameters of curcumin are also addressed. Finally, curcumin’s multidimensional applications, food attractiveness optimization, agro-industrial procedures to offset its instability and low bioavailability, health concerns, and upcoming strategies for clinical application are also covered