Розроблення технології сиркових паст з комбінованим складом

For Ukraine, the concept of healthy nutrition is gaining momentum. An important role in the formation of a healthy organism, the maintenance of sound health plays the use of vegetables, fruits, berries, as well as products made on the basis of plant raw materials. Root vegetables, in turn, also have a high nutritional value, since they are rich in carbohydrates, nitrogenous substances, essential oils, and vitamin C. Due to the balanced ratio of the main nutritional components (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, lactic acid and antibiotics), the dairy products have dietary properties, therefore the combination of dairy and vegetable raw materials into a single product is interesting. The root of celery has significant beneficial properties, soothes the nervous system, is a light antidepressant, positively affects the functioning of the kidneys and normalizes the sleep. Due to the content of biologically active substances, the celery removes slags from the body, contributes to weight reduction, normalizes the activity of the cardiovascular system, promotes normal metabolism and carries out therapeutic and prophylactic action on the human body. The article presents the technology of the custard paste paste from the celery root of functional purpose. The optimum method and the step of introducing celery root celery in the manufacture of cheese products is chosen. The roots of celery are cleansed and cleaned, and cut into small cubes. The crushed roots of celery were stored in a container, added a small amount of water, brought to a boil and cooked for 20–25 minutes. since boiling. When the celery was ready, the water was poured out, the salt added and carefully chopped to the pure-skin soft consistency. Experimentally determined the optimal amount of vegetable puree, namely: 20%. Syrup cheese was ground to a homogeneous consistency. To prove the mass fraction of moisture of the dairy cheese to the desired, it was suppressed. The root of celery was introduced in the form of mashed potatoes. Prepared for the production of all kinds of raw materials, provided by the recipe, weighed and proceeded to prepare dough. Filling machine was placed in sour milk cheese at a temperature of 12–15 °С, included a stirrer and introduced the components of the formulation. The average mixing time was 5–10 minutes. At the end of treatment, the resulting mass was cooled in refrigerating chambers to a temperature not higher than 2–6 °C and sent to the packaging. The organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of celery root cake and finished product were studied.Для України концепція здорового харчування набирає обертів, а саме спостерігається зростання попиту на молочні продукти, зокрема поєднання молочної і овочевої сировини у технології сиркових виробів. Корінь селери володіє значними корисними властивостями, заспокоює нервову систему, є легким антидепресантом, позитивно впливає на роботу нирок та нормалізує сон. Завдяки вмісту біологічно активних речовин селера виводить шлаки із організму, сприяє зменшенню ваги, нормалізує діяльність серцево-судинної системи, сприяє нормальному обміну речовин та здійснює лікувально-профілактичну дію на організм людини. У статті представлено технологію сиркової пасти з пюре кореня селери функціонального призначення. Обрано оптимальний спосіб та етап внесення пюре кореня селери при виробництві сиркових виробів. Експериментальним шляхом визначено оптимальну кількість овочевого пюре, а саме: 20%. Вивчено органолептичні та фізико-хімічні показники пюре кореня селери та готового продукту

Histone Variants and Their Post-Translational Modifications in Primary Human Fat Cells

Epigenetic changes related to human disease cannot be fully addressed by studies of cells from cultures or from other mammals. We isolated human fat cells from subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue of female subjects and extracted histones from either purified nuclei or intact cells. Direct acid extraction of whole adipocytes was more efficient, yielding about 100 µg of protein with histone content of 60% –70% from 10 mL of fat cells. Differential proteolysis of the protein extracts by trypsin or ArgC-protease followed by nanoLC/MS/MS with alternating CID/ETD peptide sequencing identified 19 histone variants. Four variants were found at the protein level for the first time; particularly HIST2H4B was identified besides the only H4 isoform earlier known to be expressed in humans. Three of the found H2A potentially organize small nucleosomes in transcriptionally active chromatin, while two H2AFY variants inactivate X chromosome in female cells. HIST1H2BA and three of the identified H1 variants had earlier been described only as oocyte or testis specific histones. H2AFX and H2AFY revealed differential and variable N-terminal processing. Out of 78 histone modifications by acetylation/trimethylation, methylation, dimethylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination, identified from six subjects, 68 were found for the first time. Only 23 of these modifications were detected in two or more subjects, while all the others were individual specific. The direct acid extraction of adipocytes allows for personal epigenetic analyses of human fat tissue, for profiling of histone modifications related to obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, as well as for selection of individual medical treatments

Spermatozoal sensitive biomarkers to defective protaminosis and fragmented DNA

Human sperm DNA damage may have adverse effects on reproductive outcome. Infertile men possess substantially more spermatozoa with damaged DNA compared to fertile donors. Although the extent of this abnormality is closely related to sperm function, the underlying etiology of ensuing male infertility is still largely controversial. Both intra-testicular and post-testicular events have been postulated and different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the presence of damaged DNA in human spermatozoa. Three among them, i.e. abnormal chromatin packaging, oxidative stress and apoptosis, are the most studied and discussed in the present review. Furthermore, results from numerous investigations are presented, including our own findings on these pathological conditions, as well as the techniques applied for their evaluation. The crucial points of each methodology on the successful detection of DNA damage and their validity on the appraisal of infertile patients are also discussed. Along with the conventional parameters examined in the standard semen analysis, evaluation of damaged sperm DNA seems to complement the investigation of factors affecting male fertility and may prove an efficient diagnostic tool in the prediction of pregnancy outcome

The pea late nodulin gene PsNOD6 is homologous to the early nodulin genes PsENOD3/14 and is expressed after the leghaemoglobin genes.

The pea late nodulin gene PsNOD6 has been cloned and sequenced. PsNOD6 is homologous to the pea early nodulin genes PsNOD3 and PsENOD14. In situ hybridization experiments showed that, like the PsENOD3 and PsENOD14 genes, the PsNOD6 gene is only expressed in the infected cell type. The PsNOD6 gene is first expressed at the transition of the pre-fixation zone II into the interzone II–III (the amyloplast-rich zone preceding the fixation zone III), whereas the early nodulin genes PsENOD3 and PsENOD14 are already induced in the pre-fixation zone II. Thus these nodulin genes encoding homologous proteins are induced at consecutive stages of nodule development. The expression of the late nodulin genes encoding leghaemoglobin precedes the expression of the late nodulin gene PsNOD6. Therefore these late nodulin genes have to be regulated by different mechanisms despite the fact they are expressed in the same cell type. This conclusion is consistent with the fact that PsNOD6 lacks one of the conserved regions occurring in the promoters of all other late nodulin genes studied