Colledge students’ motives of social activity in social networks: regional aspect

The problem of social activity of youth in modern conditions acquires a new sound. Today, the social activity of young people, including students, is increasingly shifting to the realm of virtual reality. The purpose of the study is to study the motives for its manifestation by college students in social networks. The empirical base of the research is the materials of sociological research conducted by the author in 2014 - 2017. in the city of Chelyabinsk. The methods used in the study combine a quantitative and qualitative strategy. The study has fixed a shift in the social activity of college students to social networks, which leads to negative consequences: reduction of interaction between partners, addiction to the Internet, mythologization of consciousness. The main motivations for the manifestation of social activity by students in social networks are the simplicity and ease of communication, the rapid search for information, the lack of the need to enter into direct interaction with a partner.Проблема социальной активности молодежи в современных условиях приобретает новое звучание. Сегодня социальная активность молодежи, в том числе и студенческой, все больше смещается в сферу виртуальной реальности. Цель исследования – изучить мотивы ее проявление студентами колледжей в социальных сетях. Эмпирическая база исследования – материалы социологических исследований, проведенных автором в 2014 – 2017 гг. в г. Челябинске. Методы, используемые в исследовании, сочетают количественную и качественную стратегию. Исследование зафиксировало смещение социальной активности студентов колледжей в социальные сети, что приводит к негативным последствиям: редукции взаимодействия между партнерами, аддикции к Интернету, мифологизации сознания. Основными мотивами проявления социальной активности студентами в социальных сетях выступают простота и легкость общения, быстрый поиск информации, отсутствие необходимости вступать в прямое взаимодействие с партнером

Advantages and Limitations of Environmental DNA/RNA Tools for Marine Biosecurity: Management and Surveillance of Non-indigenous Species

To enable successful management of marine bioinvasions, timely and robust scientific advice is required. This knowledge should inform managers and stakeholders on the magnitude of a pressure (rate of human-mediated introductions), the environmental state of an ecosystem (impacts of non-indigenous species), and the success of management response (prevention, eradication, mitigation). This advice often relies on baseline biodiversity information in the form of measureable parameters (metrics). This can be derived from conventional approaches such as visual surveys, but also by utilizing environmental DNA/RNA-based molecular techniques, which are increasingly being touted as promising tools for assessing biodiversity and detecting rare or invasive species. Depending on the stage of incursion, each approach has merits and limitations. In this review we assess the performance of biosecurity-relevant biodiversity parameters derived from eDNA/eRNA samples and discuss the results in relation to different stages of invasion and management applications. The overall performance of considered methods ranged between 42 and 90% based on defined criteria, with target-specific approaches scoring higher for respective biosecurity applications, followed by eDNA metabarcoding. Caveats are discussed along with avenues which may enhance these techniques and their successful uptake for marine biosecurity surveillance and management. To facilitate and encourage uptake of these techniques, there is a need for an international collaborative framework aimed at unifying molecular sampling and analysis methodologies. Improvement of quantitative capacity and cost-efficiency will also enhance their integration in biosecurity programmes

The Role of Social Institutes in the Formation of Social Activity of College Students

The article deals with the problem of college students‘ social in Russian society. The study was conducted at the colleges in Chelyabinsk. Methods of collecting primary data were a questionnaire survey, in-depth interview, and analysis of documents. The author gives a working definition of "social activity", highlighted the main barriers preventing the development of college students‘ social activity. Social institutions such as the mass-media, family, education, the Internet, designed to shape the social activity of the individual do not fulfill their functions, moreover, they often act as barriers to its formation. The author concludes that the solution to the problem of the formation and development of young people‘ social activity, including college students, is primarily associated not so much with improving youth policy at the state level, as with solving the most important problems: improving the economic and material well-being of families and the formation of civil society. The formation and development of the social activity of the youth and the formation of its subjectivity will ultimately depend on how successfully these fundamental problems for Russia will be solved.В статье рассматривается проблема социальной активности студентов колледжей в условиях трансформации российского общества. Исследование проведено в колледжах г. Челябинска. Методом сбора первичной информации выступили анкетный опрос, глубинное интервью, анализ документов. Автором дается рабочее определение «социальной активности», выделены основные социальные институты формиррования социальной активности студентов колледжей. Социальные институты, такие как государство, СМИ, образование, семья, Интернет, призванные формировать социальную активность личности не выполняют своих функций, более того, зачастую, выступают барьерами, препятствующими ее формированию. Автор делает вывод о том, что решение проблемы формирования и развития социальной активности молодежи, в том числе и студентов колледжей, в первую очередь, связано не столько с улучшением молодежной политики на государственном уровне, сколько с решением важнейших проблем: улучшения экономического и материального благосостояния семей, становления гражданского общества. От того, насколько успешно будут решаться эти фундаментальные для России проблемы, в конечном итоге будет зависеть формирование и развитие социальной активности молодежи, формирование ее субъектности

Advantages and limitations of environmental DNA/RNA tools for marine biosecurity: Management and surveillance of non-indigenous species

To enable successful management of marine bioinvasions, timely and robust scientific advice is required. This knowledge should inform managers and stakeholders on the magnitude of a pressure (rate of human-mediated introductions), the environmental state of an ecosystem (impacts of non-indigenous species), and the success of management response (prevention, eradication, mitigation). This advice often relies on baseline biodiversity information in the form of measureable parameters (metrics). This can be derived from conventional approaches such as visual surveys, but also by utilizing environmental DNA/RNA-based molecular techniques, which are increasingly being touted as promising tools for assessing biodiversity and detecting rare or invasive species. Depending on the stage of incursion, each approach has merits and limitations. In this review we assess the performance of biosecurity-relevant biodiversity parameters derived from eDNA/eRNA samples and discuss the results in relation to different stages of invasion and management applications. The overall performance of considered methods ranged between 42 and 90% based on defined criteria, with target-specific approaches scoring higher for respective biosecurity applications, followed by eDNA metabarcoding. Caveats are discussed along with avenues which may enhance these techniques and their successful uptake for marine biosecurity surveillance and management. To facilitate and encourage uptake of these techniques, there is a need for an international collaborative framework aimed at unifying molecular sampling and analysis methodologies. Improvement of quantitative capacity and cost-efficiency will also enhance their integration in biosecurity programmes

Evaluating the effect of various types of disinfectants on bacterial biofilms

Biofilm formation on equipment surfaces is a potential food safety hazard, providing increased resistance and persistence of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food production environments. The issue of preventing the biofilm formation is extremely important, since a wide range of disinfectants does not always provide the proper effect. The article discusses the antimicrobial effectiveness of disinfectants with various active ingredients (based on active chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) with enzymatic substances) on binary biofilms. The objects of the study were the strains of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms isolated from abiotic surfaces of food production environments and food products. Different effects of disinfectants on biofilms formed by bacteria have been established. Disinfectant based on peracetic acid and chlorine had the greatest effect on binary biofilms of Brochothrix thermosphacta/Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus equorum/Salmonella spp. The greatest antimicrobial effect on biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes 12/Pseudomonas azotoformans 6 was shown by a chlorine-based disinfectant. Disinfectants based on chlorine and QAC with enzymatic substances were most effective against the binary biofilm of L. monocytogenes 12/Salmonella spp. 14. However, none of the disinfectants had absolute antimicrobial effectiveness against the studied binary biofilms. Biofilm-forming microorganisms have shown resistance to the recommended concentrations of disinfectants. Therefore, currently, it is extremely important to revise approaches to hygiene at enterprises by finding working concentrations of new antimicrobial agents and new procedure that are effective for destroying biofilms