Evolution of the national identity in the independent Montenegro

National identity has been the guideline of the independence process of the Republics of Federal Yugoslavia. Because of such a principle, the smallest of them, Montenegro, became a sovereign state in 2006 and cut its boundary with Serbia, the last residue of the Tito-inspired federation that was created after WW2. However, the political and cultural context in which the independence forces of this country operated was completely different from the one that existed in the early years of the \u201990s, when in 1991 Slovenia and Croatia gained independence, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, and Macedonia followed in 1993. In fact, during those years the ruling classes attempted to gain consent among public opinion that it was necessary to start the independence project, taking advantage of the climate of deregulation that could be felt not long after the fall of the communist regimes in Europe, and also of the benevolent implicit consent of some European states that quickly recognized as sovereign states these republics that proclaimed their independence unilaterally, without any negotiation with the opponents. On the contrary, when it came to Montenegro, a decade of wars in Europe on nationalist bases (at least officially), its exit from the federal state was far more complex. In fact, a victorious referendum and negotiations with Belgrade were not enough to reach such a result, but it was necessary to obtain the EU\u2019s consent, since it had become a judge in Balkan politics, which was not so different from the Great Powers of The Congress of Berlin, that had the power to establish the regional settings. However, today\u2019s Montenegrin nation has changed as a result of the last few years\u2019 events, also because of the multiculturalism of the new state\u2019s people; it gained some characteristics that identify the nation more as a model of civic nationalism, than as the nationalism of ethnic origins that made the base of the independence processes of other republics such as Slovenia and Croatia

La organización de la enseñanza

La serie Temas de Educación Inicial retoma categorías centrales de la didáctica de la Educación Inicial, propiciando que los equipos docentes sigan construyendo propuestas apropiadas para generar enseñanzas y aprendizajes en nuestros alumnos. Creemos que La organización de la enseñanza aporta a la tarea de enseñar garantizando derechos, respetando a nuestros niños y a las fecundas tradiciones del Nivel Inicial. Es una contribución más al trabajo colectivo que se realiza en las instituciones escolares, verdaderas constructoras de mejores realidades educativas

Frictional Wage Dispersion in Search Models: A Quantitative Assessment

We propose a new measure of frictional wage dispersion: the mean-min wage ratio. For a large class of search models, we show that this measure is independent of the wage-offer distribution but depends on statistics of labor-market turnover and on preferences. Under plausible preference parameterizations, observed magnitudes for worker flows imply that in the basic search model, and in most of its extensions, frictional wage dispersion is very small. Notable exceptions are some of the most recent models of on-the-job search. Our new measure allows us to rationalize the diverse empirical findings in the large literature estimating structural search models. (JEL D81, D83, J31, J41, J64)

Search for Neutron Flux Generation in a Plasma Discharge Electrolytic Cell

Following some recent unexpected hints of neutron production in setups like high-voltage atmospheric discharges and plasma discharges in electrolytic cells, we present a measurement of the neutron flux in a configuration similar to the latter. We use two different types of neutron detectors, poly-allyl-diglicol-carbonate (PADC, aka CR-39) tracers and Indium disks. At 95% C.L. we provide an upper limit of 1.5 neutrons cm^-2 s^-1 for the thermal neutron flux at ~5 cm from the center of the cell. Allowing for a higher energy neutron component the largest allowed flux is 64 neutrons cm^-2 s^-1. This upper limit is two orders of magnitude smaller than what previously claimed in an electrolytic cell plasma discharge experiment. Furthermore the behavior of the CR-39 is discussed to point our possible sources of spurious signals.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Comment on ‘The latency period of mesothelioma among a cohort of British asbestos workers (1978–2005)': the effect of left censoring

none4noWe read with extreme interest the article by Frost on mesothelioma latency period among asbestos workers (Frost, 2013). Despite the main aim of the study being to investigate ‘the determinants of mesothelioma latency among a cohort of asbestos workers, paying particular attention to indicators of intensity of asbestos exposure’ (Frost, 2013), the reported lack of evidence of an association between duration of exposure and latency attracted some attention. Commenters argued that right censoring occurring in the underlying cohort could have biased an analysis restricted to cases (Consonni et al, 2014; Mirabelli and Zugna, 2014).openFarioli, A; Mattioli, S; Curti, S; Violante, F SFarioli, A; Mattioli, S; Curti, S; Violante, F

MOBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS AND METALLOIDS IN SOIL ENVIRONMENTS

In soil environments, sorption/desorption reactions as well as chemical complexation with inorganic and organic ligands and redox reactions, both biotic and abiotic, are of great importance in controlling their bioavailability, leaching and toxicity. These reactions are affected by many factors such as pH, nature of the sorbents, presence and concentration of organic and inorganic ligands, including humic and fulvic acid, root exudates, microbial metabolites and nutrients. In this review, we highlight the impact of physical, chemical, and biological interfacial interactions on bioavailability and mobility of metals and metalloids in soil. Special attention is devoted to: i) the sorption/desorption processes of metals and metalloids on/from soil components and soils; ii) their precipitation and reduction-oxidation reactions in solution and onto surfaces of soil components; iii) their chemical speciation, fractionation and bioavailability