Tapered-amplified AR-coated laser diodes for Potassium and Rubidium atomic-physics experiments

We present a system of room-temperature extended-cavity grating-diode lasers (ECDL) for production of light in the range 760-790nm. The extension of the tuning range towards the blue is permitted by the weak feedback in the cavity: the diodes are anti-reflection coated, and the grating has just 10% reflectance. The light is then amplified using semiconductor tapered amplifiers to give more than 400mW of power. The outputs are shown to be suitable for atomic physics experiments with potassium (767nm), rubidium (780nm) or both, of particular relevance to doubly-degenerate boson-fermion mixtures

Cooperation with local administrations of primary school principals in solving economic problems of schoolOkulun ekonomik sorunlarının çözümünde ilkokul müdürlerinin yerel yönetimler ile işbirliği

In this research, it is aimed to find out whether being in cooperation with local administrations of the primary schools affects the solution of economic problems of the school, and if so, what kind of contribution it has. Survey design model was used in the research. Interview technique from qualitative research methods, was used in the collection of data. Determination of the study group of research, easily accessible sampling method of purpose sampling model is used. The study group subject to the research is determined as the primary school principals who can give information in a willing manner to understand the study problem and limited to 20 primary school principals, serve in different socio-economic regions within the province of Ankara, where the researcher could easily access it. Local governments within the scope of the research have been limited to municipalities, because the schools in the survey are schools located in the central districts and removal of the Ankara Special Provincial Administration through Law No:6360. The collection of data was carried out “Interview Form for the Primary School Administrators on Cooperation with Local Governments” created by the researcher. Descriptive analysis was performed in the analysis of data.As a result of the research, it is concluded that the primary schools are in cooperation with the local administrations; however this cooperation is not completely helpful in solving economic problems of the school. In addition, either local administrations or other institutions that the schools cooperate with can only support the schools in certain expenditure items. This situation can only help to solve the limited problem, or not at all. It has been determined that all of the school principals want to cooperate with the Provincial and District National Education Directorate in solving the economic problems of the school and that the school principals also want to cooperate with the Ministry of National Education, the parents and the local administrations. In this context, it may be suggested to increase cooperation with the Provincial and District Directorates of National Education, to give schools a budget, and to increase the cooperation of schools with local administrations can be suggested to solve their own economic problems.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmada ilkokulların yerel yönetimlerle işbirliği içerisinde olmalarının okulun ekonomik sorunlarının çözümüne katkılarının olup olmadığı, katkıları oluyor ise ne tür katkılarının olduğunun çözümlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın modeli tarama modelidir.  Verilerin toplanmasında nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunun oluşturulmasında, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu çalışma probleminin anlaşılmasına yönelik istekli olarak bilgiler verebilecek olan ve araştırmacının kolay ulaşabileceği Ankara ili içerisindeki farklı sosyo ekonomik bölgelerde görev yapan 20 ilkokul müdürü ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırmada Ankara il merkezinde bulunan ilkokul müdürleri ile görüşülmesi ve 6360 sayılı yasa ile Ankara İl Özel İdaresi’nin kaldırılmış olması nedeniyle araştırma kapsamında yerel yönetimler olarak belediyeler ifade edilmiştir. Verilerin toplanması, araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan “Yerel Yönetimler ile İşbirliği Konusunda İlkokul Müdürü Görüşme Formu” aracılığı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz yapılmıştır.Bu araştırmada, ilkokulların belediyeler ile işbirliği içerisinde olduğu ancak bu işbirliğinin okulun ekonomik sorunlarını çözmeye tam olarak yardımcı olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca okulların işbirliği yaptığı gerek belediyeler gerekse diğer kurumlar okullara yalnızca belirli gider kalemlerinde destek olabildiğinden yapılan destekler sınırlı çözümler sağlamakta ya da hiç çözüm olamamaktadır. Araştırmada okul müdürlerinin tamamının okulun ekonomik sorunlarının çözümünde İl ve İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü ile işbirliği yapmak istedikleri, bunun yanı sıra Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, veliler ve yerel yönetimlerle de işbirliği yapmayı istedikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda okulların ekonomik sorunlarının çözümünde öncelikli olarak İl ve İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlükleri ile işbirliğini artıracak, okullara bir bütçe verilmesini sağlayacak, okulların yerel yönetimler ile işbirliğini artıracak yasal düzenlemeler yapılması önerilebilir

Chaotic Scattering and Capture of Strings by Black Hole

We consider scattering and capture of circular cosmic strings by a Schwarzschild black hole. Although being a priori a very simple axially symmetric two-body problem, it shows all the features of chaotic scattering. In particular, it contains a fractal set of unstable periodic solutions; a so-called strange repellor. We study the different types of trajectories and obtain the fractal dimension of the basin-boundary separating the space of initial conditions according to the different asymptotic outcomes. We also consider the fractal dimension as a function of energy, and discuss the transition from order to chaos.Comment: RevTeX 3.1, 9 pages, 5 figure

Rarity, Species Richness, and the Threat of Extinction—Are Plants the Same as Animals?

Assessment of conservation status is done both for areas or habitats and for species (or taxa). IUCN Red List categories have been the principal method of categorising species in terms of extinction risk, and have been shown to be robust and helpful in the groups for which they have been developed. A recent study highlights properties associated with extinction risk in flowering plants, focusing on the species-rich hot spot of the Cape region of South Africa, and concludes that merely following methods derived from studies of vertebrates may not provide the best estimates of extinction risk for plants. Biology, geography, and history all are important factors in risk, and the study poses many questions about how we categorise and assess species for conservation priorities

CERE-120 Prevents Irradiation-Induced Hypofunction and Restores Immune Homeostasis in Porcine Salivary Glands

Salivary gland hypofunction causes significant morbidity and loss of quality of life for head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Preventing hypofunction is an unmet therapeutic need. We used an adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vector expressing the human neurotrophic factor neurturin (CERE-120) to treat murine submandibular glands either pre- or post-irradiation (IR). Treatment with CERE-120 pre-IR, not post-IR, prevented hypofunction. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed reduced gene expression associated with fibrosis and the innate and humoral immune responses. We then used a minipig model with CERE-120 treatment pre-IR and also compared outcomes of the contralateral non-IR gland. Analysis of gene expression, morphology, and immunostaining showed reduced IR-related immune responses and improved secretory mechanisms. CERE-120 prevented IR-induced hypofunction and restored immune homeostasis, and there was a coordinated contralateral gland response to either damage or treatment. CERE-120 gene therapy is a potential treatment for head and neck cancer patients to influence communication among neuronal, immune, and epithelial cells to prevent IR-induced salivary hypofunction and restore immune homeostasis

Disparity Changes in 370 Ma Devonian Fossils: The Signature of Ecological Dynamics?

Early periods in Earth's history have seen a progressive increase in complexity of the ecosystems, but also dramatic crises decimating the biosphere. Such patterns are usually considered as large-scale changes among supra-specific groups, including morphological novelties, radiation, and extinctions. Nevertheless, in the same time, each species evolved by the way of micro-evolutionary processes, extended over millions of years into the evolution of lineages. How these two evolutionary scales interacted is a challenging issue because this requires bridging a gap between scales of observation and processes. The present study aims at transferring a typical macro-evolutionary approach, namely disparity analysis, to the study of fine-scale evolutionary variations in order to decipher what processes actually drove the dynamics of diversity at a micro-evolutionary level. The Late Frasnian to Late Famennian period was selected because it is punctuated by two major macro-evolutionary crises, as well as a progressive diversification of marine ecosystem. Disparity was estimated through this period on conodonts, tooth-like fossil remains of small eel-like predators that were part of the nektonic fauna. The study was focused on the emblematic genus of the period, Palmatolepis. Strikingly, both crises affected an already impoverished Palmatolepis disparity, increasing risks of random extinction. The major disparity signal rather emerged as a cycle of increase and decrease in disparity during the inter-crises period. The diversification shortly followed the first crisis and might correspond to an opportunistic occupation of empty ecological niche. The subsequent oriented shrinking in the morphospace occupation suggests that the ecological space available to Palmatolepis decreased through time, due to a combination of factors: deteriorating climate, expansion of competitors and predators. Disparity changes of Palmatolepis thus reflect changes in the structure of the ecological space itself, which was prone to evolve during this ancient period where modern ecosystems were progressively shaped

Hedrine, un nouvel outil d’aide à la décision pour les interactions plante-médicament

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe