Recreational water skiing in people with paraplegia: A study of three cases

Objetivos: se analizaron la condición cardiorrespiratoria y la intensidad de esfuerzo durante la práctica recreativa del esquí náutico de slalom. Metodología: participaron tres esquiadores náuticos con paraplejia moderadamente activos. Realizaron un test incremental en un ergómetro de brazos para determinar su VO2pico y los umbrales ventilatorios y completaron 3 sesiones de práctica de esquí náutico, separadas por 48h, registrándose la FC cada 5 s. Resultados: obtuvieron un VO2pico de 22,3 ± 0,6 mL·kg-1·min-1 y los umbrales ventilatorios se analizaron al ~80 y ~50% del VO2pico. La FC media en las sesiones de esquí náutico fue de 111 ppm, lo que representó una intensidad de ~45% de la FC de reserva (FCR), permaneciendo por encima del 40% de la FCR ~12 min. Conclusión: la intensidad moderada de la práctica recreativa de esquí náutico de slalom podría servir para mantener o mejorar la condición cardiorrespiratoria en estas tres personas con paraplejiaObjectives: the cardiorespiratory fitness and the intensity of effort were analyzed during the recreational practice of slalom water skiing. Methodology: three moderately active water skiers with paraplegia participated. They performed an incremental test on an arm ergometer to determine their VO2peak and ventilatory thresholds and completed 3 sessions of water skiing, separated by 48h, where the HR was recorded every 5 s. Results: they obtained a VO2peak of 22.3 ± 0.6 mL·kg-1·min-1 and the ventilatory thresholds were analyzed at ~80 and ~50% of the VO2peak. The average heart rate in the water ski sessions was 111 bpm, which represented an intensity of ~45% of the heart rate reserve (HRR), remaining above 40% of the HRR ~12 min. Conclusion: the moderate intensity of recreational slalom skiing could serve to maintain or improve the cardiorespiratory fitness in these three people with paraplegi

Assessment of electrical effects of ohmic heating on structural and immunoreactivity properties of bovine betalactoglobulin

This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. This work was also supported by FCT and POCI through project AlleRiskAssess (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031720 – PTDC/BAA-AGR/31720/2017). C. Villa is grateful to FCT grant (PD/BD/114576/2016) financed by POPH-QREN (subsidised by FSE and MCTES). R. Rodrigues is grateful to FCT grant with reference SFRH/BD/110723/2015.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microencapsulation of ellagic acid from pomegranate husk and karaya gum by spray drying

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain and characterize microcapsules with Ellagic Acid (EA) from pomegranate as core material and Karaya Gum (KG) as wall material. Methods: EA was obtained from dry pomegranate peel powder via methanolysis and quantified by HPLC. Microcapsules were obtained preparing a dispersion containing KG and EA in phosphate buffer pH 8. The dispersion was processed in a spray dryer under specific conditions (inlet temperature at 150 °C, feed flow at 30% and aspirator at 100 %) for obtaining of microcapsules. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for characterization. Results: Obtained material contains 98.03±2.82 mg EA/g of pomegranate peel. FTIR showed that there were changes in the molecular structure of microcapsules referred to raw materials. SEM confirmed that particles obtained had micron-size (1-5 µm). DSC analysis showed that raw materials had glass transition temperatures of 79.58 and 83.41 °C and for microcapsules the value was67.25 °C. Conclusion: Methanolysis is a viable technique for the obtaining of EA from the peel of pomegranate. KG shows good potential for be used as wall material for EA microencapsulation

Aplicació d’un test d’esforç intervàlic (Test de Probst) per valorar la qualitat aeròbica en futbolistes de la lliga espanyola

Els tests continus realitzats en ergòmetres estandarditzats són poc específics per al futbol. El test intervàlic de Probst permet de valorar la velocitat màxima aeròbica (VMA) i el LAn (llindar anaeròbic) en el camp de futbol, car no existeixen dades de referència. Es pretenen de valorar aquests paràmetres en futbolistes espanyols per comprovar la sensibilitat a nivell de pràctica i la utilitat per determinar el LAn. Van participar-hi 231 futbolistes de categories juvenil (n = 26), amateur (n= 74), semiprofessional (n = 36) i professional (n = 95); es va registrar la VMA i la freqüència cardíaca (Fc), i es van calcular les velocitats i Fc en el LAn, determinat manualment (LAnI) i matemàticament (LAnM). Va existir inflexió de la Fc en més del 89 % dels tests. Les Fc en el LAn van ser similars a les descrites a la literatura (90-95% respecte a la màxima) i la velocitat en el LAn va obtenir rangs amplis de VMA (72-96%). El test va ser sensible al nivell de pràctica en les variables LAnI i VMA. El protocol intervàlic de Probst va permetre de realitzar un test de camp específic sensible al grau de professionalització dels futbolistes, i es van establir dades de referència per a les categories estudiades. L’anàlisi de la Fc va permetre d’identificar un punt d’inflexió que pogués correspondre’s amb el LAn

Harmonization Process and Reliability Assessment of Anthropometric Measurements in the Elderly EXERNET Multi-Centre Study

Background: The elderly EXERNET multi-centre study aims to collect normative anthropometric data for old functionally independent adults living in Spain.Purpose: To describe the standardization process and reliability of the anthropometric measurements carried out in the pilot study and during the final workshop, examining both intra- and inter-rater errors for measurements.Materials and Methods: A total of 98 elderly from five different regions participated in the intra-rater error assessment, and 10 different seniors living in the city of Toledo (Spain) participated in the inter-rater assessment. We examined both intra- and inter-rater errors for heights and circumferences.Results: For height, intra-rater technical errors of measurement (TEMs) were smaller than 0.25 cm. For circumferences and knee height, TEMs were smaller than 1 cm, except for waist circumference in the city of Ca´ceres. Reliability for heights and circumferences was greater than 98% in all cases. Inter-rater TEMs were 0.61 cm for height, 0.75 cm for knee-height and ranged between 2.70 and 3.09 cm for the circumferences measured. Inter-rater reliabilities for anthropometric measurements were always higher than 90%.Conclusion: The harmonization process, including the workshop and pilot study, guarantee the quality of the anthropometric measurements in the elderly EXERNET multi-centre study. High reliability and low TEM may be expected when assessing anthropometry in elderly population.SIThe elderly EXERNET multi-centre study has been supported by the Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales (104/07), Universidad de Zaragoza (UZ 2008-BIO-01) and Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad (147/2011). A. Go´ mez-Cabello has received a PhD grant from the Gobierno de Aragon (B059/ 09). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on supported ag, au, pd and bimetallic pd-au catalysts: Effect of the support

Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, through project UIDB/00100/2020 of the Centro de Quimica Estrutural; Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV,financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020); FCT Scientific Employment Stimulus-Institutional Call (CEECINST/00102/2018) and PTDC/QEQ-QIN/3967/2014; Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program project VIU-RSCBMT-197/2020; Russian Foundation of Basic Research, project 18-29-24037; Tomsk Polytechnic University State Task `Science' (project FSWW-2020-0011) andMICINN project CTQ2017-86170-R (Spain).Oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a major feedstock derived from waste/fresh biomass, into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an important transformation for the production of biodegradable plastics. Herein, we investigated the effect of the support (unmodified and modified titania, commercial alumina, and untreated and treated Sibunit carbon) of mono-and bimetallic catalysts based on noble metals (Ag, Au, Pd) on selective HMF oxidation with molecular oxygen to FDCA under mild and basic reaction conditions. The higher selectivity to FDCA was obtained when metals were supported on Sibunit carbon (Cp). The order of noble metal in terms of catalyst selectivity was: Ag < Au < Pd < PdAu. Finally, FDCA production on the most efficient PdAu NPs catalysts supported on Sibunit depended on the treatment applied to this carbon support in the order: PdAu/Cp < PdAu/Cp-HNO3 < PdAu/Cp-NH4OH. These bimetallic catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Hammet indicator method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The functionalization of Sibunit surface by HNO3 and NH4OH led to a change in the contribution of the active states of Pd and Au due to promotion effect of N-doping and, as a consequence, to higher FDCA production. HMF oxidation catalyzed by bimetallic catalysts is a structure sensitive reaction.publishersversionpublishe

Aplicación de un test de esfuerzo interválico (Test de Probst) para valorar la cualidad aeróbica en futbolistas de la liga española

Los tests continuos realizados en ergómetros estandarizados son poco específicos para el fútbol. El test interválico de Probst permite valorar la velocidad máxima aeróbica (VMA) y el UAn en el campo de fútbol, no existiendo datos de referencia. Se pretenden valorar estos parámetros en futbolistas españoles para comprobar la sensibilidad al nivel de práctica y la utilidad para determinar el UAn. Participaron 231 futbolistas de categorías juvenil (n = 26), amateur (n = 74), semiprofesional (n = 36) y profesional (n = 95), registrando la VMA y la frecuencia cardíaca (Fc), y calculando las velocidades y Fc en el UAn determinado manualmente (UAnI) y matemáticamente (UAnM). Existió inflexión de la Fc en más del 89 % de los tests. Las Fc en el UAn fueron similares a las descritas en la literatura (90-95 % respecto a la máxima) y la velocidad en el UAn obtuvo rangos amplios de VMA (72-96 %). El test fue sensible al nivel de práctica en las variables UAnI y VMA. El protocolo interválico de Probst permitió realizar un test de campo específico sensible al grado de profesionalización de los futbolistas, estableciéndose datos de referencia para las categorías estudiadas. El análisis de la Fc permitió identificar un punto de inflexión que pudiera corresponderse con el UAn

The effects of age, organized physical activity and sedentarism on fitness in older adults: An 8-year longitudinal study

The aims of the present study were (1) to describe the changes in physical fitness during an 8 year follow-up in a large sample of Spanish adults aged 65 or over that are initially engaged in organized physical activity (OPA), (2) to compare fitness changes according to different age groups (65 to 69 vs. 70 to 74 vs. =75 years-old), (3) to evaluate the independent and combined effects of changes in OPA engagement and sitting time (ST) on physical fitness. A total of 642 (147 males) non-institutionalized over 65 years-old participants completed the EXERNET battery fitness tests and completed a validated questionnaire from which information regarding OPA and ST were collected. All participants completed evaluations in 2008-2009 and in 2016-2017. An impairment of fitness-related variables happens after 65 years of age in both males and females, with the older participants (=75), showing the largest decreases. Males who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases in balance, leg flexibility and agility when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up. Females who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases of all variables except for balance when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up

"Fat but powerful'' paradox: association of muscle power and adiposity markers with all-cause mortality in older adults from the EXERNET multicentre study

Objectives: To assess the influence of muscle power and adiposity on all-cause mortality risk and to evaluate the fat but powerful'' (F+P) (or fat but fit'') paradox in older adults. Methods: A total of 2563 older adults (65 €''91 years old) from the EXERNET multicentre study were included. Adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage (BF%) and fat index), allometric and relative power (sit-to-stand muscle power test) and various covariates (age, sex, hypertension, smoking status and walking and sitting times per day) were registered at baseline. All-cause mortality was recorded during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. Participants were classified into four groups: lean and powerful (L+P), F+P, lean but weak and fat and weak (F+W). Cox proportional hazard regression models and adjusted HRs were calculated. Results: According to BMI and waist circumference, all-cause mortality risk was reduced in the F+P (HR=0.55 and 0.63, p=0.044 and 0.049, respectively) and L+P (HR=0.57 and 0.58, p=0.043 and 0.025, respectively) groups. According to BF%, all-cause mortality decreased in the L+P group (HR=0.53; p=0.021), and a trend for a reduction was reported in the F+P group (HR=0.57; p=0.060). According to fat index, a survival benefit was only noted in the L+P group (HR=0.50; p=0.049). Higher levels of relative power reduced all-cause mortality risk among older people (HR=0.63 and 0.53, p=0.006 and 0.011, respectively). Conclusion: Powerful older people exhibited a reduced 9-year all-cause mortality regardless of BMI, waist circumference and BF%. Obesity according to fat index blunted the survival benefits of being powerful

Associations between Daily Movement Distribution, Bone Structure, Falls, and Fractures in Older Adults: A Compositional Data Analysis Study

[EN] With aging, bone density is reduced, increasing the risk of suffering osteoporosis and fractures. Increasing physical activity (PA) may have preventive effects. However, until now, no studies have considered movement behaviors with compositional data or its association to bone mass and structure measured by peripheral computed tomography (pQCT). Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate these associations and to describe movement behavior distribution in older adults with previous falls and fractures and other related risk parameters, taking into account many nutritional and metabolic confounders. In the current study, 70 participants above 65 years old (51 females) from the city of Zaragoza were evaluated for the EXERNET-Elder 3.0 project. Bone mass and structure were assessed with pQCT, and PA patterns were objectively measured by accelerometry. Prevalence of fear of falling, risk of falling, and history of falls and fractures were asked through the questionnaire. Analyses were performed using a compositional data approach. Whole-movement distribution patterns were associated with cortical thickness. In regard to other movement behaviors, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) showed positive association with cortical thickness and total true bone mineral density (BMD) at 38% (all p < 0.05). In addition, less light PA (LPA) and MVPA were observed in those participants with previous fractures and fear of falling, whereas those at risk of falling and those with previous falls showed higher levels of PA. Our results showed positive associations between higher levels of MVPA and volumetric bone. The different movement patterns observed in the groups with a history of having suffered falls or fractures and other risk outcomes suggest that different exercise interventions should be designed in these populations in order to improve bone and prevent the risk of osteoporosis and subsequent fractures.S