Development of Thermal Installation on the Basis of the Cascade Heat Pump for Ensuring All Thermal and Refrigerating Needs of the Consumer

This article describes the developed and manufactured multifunctional heat point, which allows to supply heat and refrigeration energy to consumers. For effective operation, the heat point contains an automated control system that allows to direct heat flows in an optimal way. Development of this thermal point began because in Russia there are no complex researches on creation of systems of power supply on the basis of heat pumps now. There are some works which actually copy the western technologies. At the same time, features of climatic zones are not considered that is extremely important for the development of similar power stations. That is, earlier nobody created a product which equally well works in the conditions of the Southern regions and Far North. Thermal and hydraulic calculations of thermal point were executed. Coefficients of performance and resistance of the contours of the heat pumping plant were the results of these calculations. These calculations showed that the transformation coefficient on all contours is in the range from3.352 to 4.884. Now starting tests of the thermal point which showed a regularity of the chosen design decisions and operability of the installation are carried out.The received results will be useful at projection of similar systems as the main characteristics of cascade heatpumping plants are received by a calculated path.The concrete received results of a research are as follows:– the multipurpose thermal point allowing to carry out heating – 25 kW, hot water supply – 5 kW, conditioning – 16 kW, ventilation of 25 kW is developed;– key indicators of thermal effectiveness of the power station, such as transformation coefficient, thermal rating etc are defined;– capacity of compact accumulators of warmth is determined. Heating with the temperature of 35 оС, within 12 hours of night-time requires the boiler tank of 2500 l whereas the accumulator on change phase of 300–500 l;– on the basis of the analysis of available renewable and secondary energy sources the structure of heat fluxes of the standard consumer with sources of excess warmth and points of its consumption is develope

Seasonal Redistribution of Water in the Surficial Martian Regolith: Results of the HEND Data Analysis

The global mapping of the neutrons emission from the Mars, conducted recently by HEND instrument (Mars Odyssey), has shown that the surface layer (1-2 m) on the high latitudes of the planet (up to 50 ) is very reached by water ice with abundance more 50% by mass [1,2,3 ]. It was also shown that water ice distribution in surficial layer of the northern and the southern sub-polar regions is notably different [4]. Until today the existing HEND data already covers the period more then one the Martian year. This let to study the seasonal effects of volatiles redistribution associated with processes of sublimation and condensation of the seasonal polar caps and water exchange between the surface regolith and atmosphere. The goal of our work was to analyze the dynamic of the globally mapped neutrons flux as key to understanding of the seasonal redistribution of the water ice in the surface layer. For this we analyzed the globally mapped flux of the neutrons with different energy and corresponding effective layer of their emission

A re-evaluation of conflicting taxonomic structures of Eurasian Triaenophorus spp. (Cestoda, Bothriocephalidea: Triaenophoridae) based on partial cox1 mtDNA and 28S rRNA gene sequences

Cestodes of the genus Triaenophorus Rudolphi, 1793 are widely distributed parasites of Esocidae, Percidae, Salmonidae, Thimallidae, Cobitidae, Osmeridae, Cyprinidae, Cottiidae, Lotidae, and several others in the Holarctic. The taxonomic arrangements of different authors, based on morphological and ecological–biogeographic characters, suggest the presence of two to five species of this genus in Eurasia. The genetic variation of Eurasian Triaenophorus spp. was evaluated using DNA barcoding (cox1 and 28S gene sequences). This confirmed the validity of five Triaenophorus species: T. amurensis, T. crassus, T. meridionalis, T. nodulosus, and T. orientalis. We demonstrated systematic concordance between traditional meristic criteria and DNA sequence data. Phylogenetic reconstructions support the monophyletic origin of the group of species with a long basal plate of the scolex hook (T. crassus, T. meridionalis, and T. orientalis). Triaenophorus crassus is represented by two haplogroups, associated with Siberia and northwestern Russia. Our results show differences between T. nodulosus, T. amurensis, and T. crassus in terms of the haplotype diversity level, which are probably related to the Quaternary history of the development of their ranges, as well as the degree of euryxeny to the second intermediate host.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio