A preliminary phylogeographic study of Flavopunctelia and Punctelia inferred from rDNA ITS-sequences

A preliminary phylogeny of the genera Flavopunctelia and Punctelia is presented. Genus and species delimitations have been investigated using ITS rDNA-sequencing of populations from different continents. Current genus delimitations of Flavopunctelia, Punctelia and Parmelia are confirmed and the species status of recently resurrected Punctelia ulophylla is confirmed. The status of three cryptic species, Flavopunctelia soredica, Punctelia perreticulata and P. stictica is discussed. Flavopunctelia borrerioides and Punctelia perreticulata are reported from China for the first time.Esitatakse perekondade Flavopunctelia ja Punctelia esialgne fülogeneesi rekonstruktsioon. Perekondade ja liikide eraldamist on uuritud erinevatelt kontinentidelt pärinevate populatsioonide ITS rDNA sekventside alusel. Senine perekondade Flavopunctelia, Punctelia ja Parmelia piiritlemine on leidnud kinnitust, samuti liigi Punctelia ulophylla staatus. Arutletakse kolme krüptilise liigi, Flavopunctelia soredica, Punctelia perreticulata ja P. stictica staatuse üle. Teatatakse liikide Flavopunctelia borrerioides ja Punctelia perreticulata esmasleidudest HiinasFil: Thell, Arne. Lund University; SueciaFil: Herber, B.. Universitat Hamburg; AlemaniaFil: Aptroot, A.. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures; Países BajosFil: Adler, Monica Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; ArgentinaFil: Feuerer, T.. Universitat Hamburg; AlemaniaFil: Kärnefelt, Ingvar. Lund University; Sueci

Three new Orientophila species (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) from eastern Asia

Three species, Orientophila fauriei, O. jungakimae and O. yokjidoensis, from South Korea are described as new, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa

Five new Caloplaca species (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) from Australia

Five new species of Caloplaca, C. mallacootensis, C. montenegrensis, C. rexii, C. rossii, and C. subgyalectoides are described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa

Coppinsiella and Seawardiella – two new genera of the Xanthorioideae (teloschistaceae, lichen-forming ascomycota)

The genera Coppinsiella and Seawardiella are described based on the combined phylogenetic analysis from ITS nrDNA, 28S nrLSU and 12S mtSSU sequences. The affinities of the new genera Orientophila, Athallia, Flavoplaca and Calogaya are discussed. The former Caloplaca lobulata group (or ‘Xanthoria lobulata-Gruppe’ sensu Steiner et Poelt 1982) found to be positioned in the Calogaya clade based on ITS phylogeny while after a three gene phylogeny (based on ITS nrDNA, nrLSU and mtSSU sequences) two species (i.e.: Seawardiella lobulata and described as new S. tasmaniensis) were located in the Seawardiella clade of the Xanthorioideae. Three other species (i.e. Lazarenkoella zoroasteriorum, L. persica and L. polycarpoides) were positioned in the Lazarenkoella-clade of the Brownlielloideae. The position of all species of the Calogaya clade (after ITS phylogeny) should be re-evaluated based on three gene phylogeny from ITS nrDNA, nrLSU and mtSSU sequences. The new species Seawardiella tasmaniensis is described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. New combinations are suggested for eight taxa (i.e. Athallia inconnexa (for Lecanora inconnexa Nyl.), Calogaya safavidiorum (for Caloplaca safavidiorum S. Y. Kondr., in Kondratyuk et al.), Coppinsiella orbicularis stat. et comb. nov. (for Caloplaca substerilis subsp. orbicularis M. Haji Moniri, Vondrák et Malíček), Coppinsiella substerilis (for Caloplaca substerilis Vondrák, Palice et van den Boom, in Vondrák et al.), Coppinsiella ulcerosa (for Caloplaca ulcerosa Coppins et P. James), Lazarenkoella persica (for Xanthoria polycarpoides var. persica J. Steiner); Lazarenkoella polycarpoides (for Xanthoria polycarpoides J. Steiner), and Seawardiella lobulata (for Lecanora lobulata Flörke))

Brownlielloideae, a new subfamily in the Teloschistaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)

Brownlielloideae, a new subfamily in the Teloschistaceae, is proposed based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA and 12S SSU mitochondrial DNA sequences. The data indicates that the new subfamily includes eight genera, i.e. Brownliella, Marchantiana and six new genera proposed here, Lazarenkoella, Raesaeneniana, Streimanniella, Tarasginia, Tayloriella and Thelliana. Lecanora kobeana Nyl. is lectotypified and shown to be an older name for the type species of the genus Brownliella, B. aequata. In addition, a seventh new genus, Neobrownliella is proposed in the subfamily Teloschistoideae. This new genus and the new species, Thelliana pseudokiamae are described. 13 new combinations are proposed: Brownliella kobeana, Fulgogasparrea appressa, Lazarenkoella zoroasteriorum, Neobrownliella brownlieae, N. montisfracti, Raesaeneniana maulensis, Streimanniella burneyensis, S. kalbiorum, S. michelagoensis, S. seppeltii, Tarasginia tomareeana, T. whinrayi and Tayloriella erythrosticta

Hosseusiella and Rehmanniella, two new genera in the Teloschistaceae

Two new genera in the subfamily Teloschistoideae (Teloschistaceae, Teloschistales) are described: Hosseusiella S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et A. Thell for the Caloplaca chilensis group including three South American species and Rehmanniella S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur for the new species, R. wirthii S. Y. Kondr. from South Africa. The new genera are supported by a three-gene phylogeny based on ITS1/ITS2 nrDNA, 28S nrLSU, and 12S mtSSU sequences. The new taxonomic position of Elixjohnia ovis-atra in the subfamily Teloschistoideae is discussed. The two new species Hosseusiella gallowayiana and Rehmanniella wirthii are described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. Hosseusiella gallowayiana is recorded for the first time as the host for the lichenicolous fungus Arthonia tetraspora S. Y. Kondr. A key to the species of Hosseusiella is included, as well as new information of the related genus Follmannia. The following new combinations are proposed: Hosseusiella chilensis (Kärnefelt, S. Y. Kondr., Frödén et Arup) S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, Kärnefelt et A. Thell, Hosseusiella pergracilis (Zahlbr.) S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, Kärnefelt et A. Thell and Elixjohnia ovis-atra (Søchting, Søgaard et Sancho) S. Y. Kondr

Vitalism in Early Modern Medical and Philosophical Thought

Vitalism is a notoriously deceptive term. It is very often defined as the view, in biology, in early modern medicine and differently, in early modern philosophy, that living beings differ from the rest of the physical universe due to their possessing an additional ‘life-force’, ‘vital principle’, ‘entelechy’, enormon or élan vital. Such definitions most often have an explicit pejorative dimension: vitalism is a primitive or archaic view, that has somehow survived the emergence of modern science (the latter being defined in many different ways, from demystified Cartesian reductionism to experimental medicine, biochemistry or genetics: Cimino and Duchesneau eds. 1997, Normandin and Wolfe eds. 2013). Such dismissive definitions of vitalism are meant to dispense with argument or analysis. Curiously, the term has gained some popularity in English-language scholarship on early modern philosophy in the past few decades, where it is used without any pejorative dimension, to refer to a kind of ‘active matter’ view, in which matter is not reducible to the (mechanistic) properties of size, shape and motion, possessing instead some internal dynamism or activity (see e.g. James 1999, Boyle 2018, Borcherding forthcoming). The latter meaning is close to what the Cambridge Platonist Ralph Cudworth termed ‘hylozoism’, namely the attribution of life, agency or mind to matter, and he implicitly targeted several figures I shall mention here, notably Margaret Cavendish and Francis Glisson, for holding this view. However, one point I shall make in this entry is that when vitalism first appears by name, and as a self-designation, in the Montpellier School (associated with the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Montpellier, in the second half of the eighteenth century; thus vitalisme appears first, followed shortly thereafter by Vitalismus in German, with ‘vitalism’ appearing in English publications only in the early nineteenth century: Toepfer 2011), it is quite different from both the more ‘supernatural’ view described above – chiefly espoused by its rather obsessive opponents – and from the more neutral, but also de-biologized philosophical view (that of e.g. Cavendish or Conway who are, broadly speaking naturalists). Rather than appealing to a metaphysics of vital force, or of self-organizing matter, this version of vitalism, which I shall refer to as ‘medical vitalism’, seems to be more of a ‘systemic’ theory: an attempt to grasp and describe top-level (‘organizational’, ‘organismic’, ‘holistic’) features of living systems (Wolfe 2017, 2019). In this entry I seek to introduce some periodization in our thinking about early modern (and Enlightenment) vitalism, emphasizing the difference between the seventeenth-century context and that of the following generations – culminating in the ideas of the Montpellier School. This periodization should also function as a kind of taxonomy or at least distinction between some basic types of vitalism. As I discuss in closing, these distinctions can cut across the texts and figures we are dealing with, differently: metaphysical vs. non-metaphysical vitalism, philosophical vs. medical vitalism, medical vs. ‘embryological’ vitalism, and so on. A difference I can only mention but not explore in detail is that the more medically grounded, ‘organismic’ vitalism is significantly post-Cartesian while the more biological/embryological vitalism is, inasmuch as it is a dynamic, self-organizing matter theory, an extension of Renaissance ideas (chymiatry, Galenism and in general theories of medical spirits). I examine successively vitalism’s Renaissance prehistory, its proliferation as ‘vital matter theory’ in seventeenth-century England (in authors such as Cavendish, Conway and Glisson, with brief considerations on Harvey and van Helmont), and its mature expression in eighteenth-century Montpellier (notably with Bordeu and Ménuret de Chambaud)

New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 7

Nineteen new to science species of lichen forming fungi, i.e.: Agonimia ascendens S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, A. sunchonensis S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, A. yongsangensis S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Biatora loekoesiana S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Caloplaca ivanpisutii S. Y. Kond., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Candelariella makarevichiae S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Huriella pohangensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, H. salyangiana S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Hyperphyscia oxneri S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Nectriopsis gangwondoensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Porina ulleungdoensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, J. Halda et J.-S. Hur, Psoroglaena gangwondoensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, J.-J. Woo et J.-S. Hur, Pyrenopsis cavernicola S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Rhizocarpon sunchonense S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Rufoplaca ulleungensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Sarcogyne ulleungdoensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Skyttea bumyoungsungii S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Thelopsis gangwondoensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, J.-J. Woo et J.-S. Hur, Topelia loekoesiana S. Y. Kondr., J.-J. Woo et J.-S. Hur, all from South Korea, as well as Gallowayella awasthiana S. Y. Kondr. et D. K. Upreti from India and Franwilsia skottsbergii S. Y. Kondr., A. Thell, S.-O. Oh et J.-S. Hur from Chile are described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. A key to Agonimia species known from Eastern Asia is also included. Lecanora helicopis is recorded for Korea for the first time, as well as a number of new to Jeju-do Island species (i.e.: Agonimia loekoesii, Biatora pseudosambuci, Buellia extremoorientalis, and Ivanpisutia oxneri) are recorded. Additional data on conidiomata and morphological characters of thallus and apothecia and illustrations as well as data on newly located isotype specimens recently described from Canary Islands, Spain Fominiella tenerifensis are provided. Two new combinations, i.e.: Phaeophyscia saxatilis (for Physcia saxatilis Kashiw.), and Xanthoparmelia umezuana (for Karoowia umezuana Moon K. H. et Kashiw.) are also proposed