Effect of using different levels of pistachio by-products silage on composition and blood parameters of Holstein dairy cows

The goal of this research was to study about the effect of using pistachio hulls silage in cow's nutrition. The initial experiment was about the effect of several feed additives on chemical and fermentative characteristic of pistachio hulls silages. This experiment was designed with 5 treatments and 4 replications in each treatment in a complete randomized design. Additives for preparing pistachio hulls silage were in the sequence of 1.5% citrus pulp (in base of dry matter), 1.5% ground barley, 1.5% beet pulp, 1.5% molasses and one control treatment without any additives. Silages were sampled for chemical analysis and fermentative characteristics. Results of the analysis showed no significant variation between the treatments in respect of ash. In the second experiment, the application of pistachio hulls silage in the nutrition of lactating cows was studied. Eight lactating cows in one Latin square design experiment were used. Treatments included various amounts of pistachio hulls silage replaced with corn silage (in base of dry mater). The results show no significant variation between the treatments in milk, blood, rumen factors and digestibility factors that can show pistachio hulls silage that can be replaced with corn silage up to 15% (%dry matter) in dairy cows ration without any significant variation in cows production.Key words: Dairy cattle's, milk production, pistachio by-product, silage, tannin

Foraging initiation and foraging behavior in high and low performance of Iranian honeybee, Apis mellifera meda (Hym.: Apidae), colonies

The starting of foraging is likely the most important phenomenon in the age based division of labor in honeybees. It also prepare one of the most complicated phenotypic trait in biological system since the intercourse of different external, social and personage factors. Pollination effect is related to foraging behavior and foragers' population, so this research aims to determine foraging initiation and foraging behavior of worker bees in high and low performance colonies. There is a significant correlation between foraging behavior and honey production in different colonies and in various regions. Early foraging leads to higher production of honey in a colony. Also‚ based on the results obtained, the peak of foraging initiation in high performance colony was longer (age of 16-23 day) and in low performance colony was shorter (age of 17-21day). The results indicate that the retuned bees (P < 0.05) and returned bees with pollen load (P < 0.05) in high production colonies are more than low production colonies. Results have shown differences in the age of first foraging (AFF) comparing to previous studies‚ in which represented AFF starts 21 days after birthday of worker foragers. Obtained results have shown that the number of forager bees has positive correlation with honey production in honeybee colonies and also AFF of high production colonies was started in earlier age that can due to higher production in these colonies

Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the origin of Astaneh pluton, Zagros orogenic belt, Iran

The Astaneh plutonic complex consists of a series of granitoid rocks ranging in composition from quartzdiorites to monzogranites and evolving from metaluminous to weakly peraluminous compositions. They belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series, having features of typical Andean-type cordilleran granitoids. Trace and rare-earth elements distribution patterns for the Astaneh rocks indicate a distinctive depletion in Nb, Sr, Ba, P and Ti relative to other trace elements and a greater enrichment in LILE compared to HFSE. These geochemical characteristics suggest the participation of an important recycled (sedimentary?) component in the source region of the granitoids. They have Sr initial isotopic ratios in the range 0.7078–0.7084 and negative eNd values of 5.39 to 6.13 for a time of generation of 170 Ma. There is a genetic link between quartz-diorites and granodiorites, the dominant rock types of the Astabeh intrusion. Direct melting or fractionation from a diorite source is very unlike. It is proposed that the Astaneh parental Qtd-diorite magmas were produced by the partial melting of a mixed source, dominantly composed of amphibolites and sediments, that was formed during subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust below the Iranian microcontinent during Middle Jurassic times

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction, sequence stratigraphy and diagenetic processes of the Asmari Formation in KabirKuh Anticline, North of the Zargos Basin, Iran

858-867Because of the importance of the Asmari Formation in Lurestan zone (north of the Zagros basin), Jahangirabad section with a total thickness of 179 meters consist of mixed limestone-evaporites have been studied in order to interpretfacies, paleoenvironment, sequence stratigraphy and diagenetic processes. Based on lithostratigraphic classification in Lurestan zone by Adams studies, the Asmari Formation (Late Oligocene – early Miocene deposits) in study area has been divided into 3 units (including 5 sub-units). According to the field studies and laboratory works, 13 microfacies in 5 facies association were recognized, which belong to open marine, shoal, lagoon, intertidal environments. By considering the Lower Kalhur evaporites (with observed micro-texture), which are located in the lower part of this formation, it seems that the precipitation of these evaporates has occurred in the restricted basin during fall of sea level in saline environments. The precipitation of limestone with pelagic fauna has occurred over basal anhydrite during the rise of sea level. The main recognized diagenetic processes are dissolution and dolomitization which has influence on Asmari formation in this region. Three depositional sequences were identified based on facies distribution and sequence boundary

Transferable Interatomic Potentials for Aluminum from Ambient Conditions to Warm Dense Matter

We present a study on the transport and materials properties of aluminum spanning from ambient to warm dense matter conditions using a machine-learned interatomic potential (ML-IAP). Prior research has utilized ML-IAPs to simulate phenomena in warm dense matter, but these potentials have often been calibrated for a narrow range of temperature and pressures. In contrast, we train a single ML-IAP over a wide range of temperatures, using density functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) data. Our approach overcomes computational limitations of DFT-MD simulations, enabling us to study transport and materials properties of matter at higher temperatures and longer time scales. We demonstrate the ML-IAP transferability across a wide range of temperatures using molecular-dynamics (MD) by examining the thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficient, viscosity, sound velocity, and ion-ion structure factor of aluminum up to about 60,000 K, where we find good agreement with previous theoretical data

A comparison of maladaptive early schemas and appearance schemas in obese and normal weight control subjects

The purpose of this study was to compare early maladaptive and appearance schemas in obse and and normal-weight subjects. Materials and Methods: The method of the study was causal- comparative and groups were included 30 obese (BMI�35) and 30 normal-weight adults (BMI<25). All participants completed Young Schema Questionnaire�Short Version (YSQ-S) and appearance schema Inventory (ASI) questionnaire. Results: Obse subjects showed significantly higher scores in compare to control group in self-sacrifice and emotional inhibition schemas. In addition, severity of appearance schemas in body- image vulnerability and self- investment subscales were significantly greater in obese subjects than in control group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that some early maladaptive and appearance schemas are associated with obesity and therefore, theoretical conceptualizations and psychological interventions should address the above thesis constructs. © 2015, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Identification of Enterococcus bacteria in gastrointestinal tract of dwarf honey bee, Apis florea Fabricius, 1973 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Apis species that engage in symbiotic association with Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), have diverse functions on their hosts. This study was intended to isolate and identify aeoccus bacteria living in the gastrointestinal tract of Asian dwarf honey bee, Apis florea,in Iran. One hundred isolates were Gram-stained and tested for catalase reaction. By using bacterial universal primers, the 16S rDNA gene of bacterial colonies was amplified. 16S rDNA genes from thirty bacteria were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Enterococcus flora in the gastrointestinal tract of A. florea, contained five phenotypes which classified in the species E. faecium, E. faecalis and E. hirae.  Based on the specific association between bacteria and A. florea, we divided the Asian dwarf honey bee populations into four categories

Differences in and correlates of sexual function in infertile women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: The aim of this study was to examine sexual function and its correlates among infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in comparison with their non-PCOS counterparts. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 209 infertile women (116 PCOS and 93 non-PCOS) from Tehran, Iran, were evaluated in February and March 2018. Female sexual function index (FSFI), hormonal status, and documented reports of hyperandrogenic manifestations of the patients were investigated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 32.00 ± 5.00 years old. Eighty-four (40.2) patients including 42.2 of the PCOS patients and 37.6 of the non-PCOS cases (P>0.05), were suspected of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). The most impaired functions in both groups were desire and arousal. Sexual function was not significantly different between the groups. However, PCOS women had more orgasm problems and acne worsened their sexual function. Total FSFI was positively associated with prolactin level but negatively associated with central obesity in the non-PCOS group; it was negatively correlated with marital duration in the PCOS group. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and pain, prolactin level and lubrication, and central obesity and arousal were correlated in the non-PCOS women. Prolactin level and orgasm, marital duration and arousal, and marital duration and the total FSFI were correlated in the PCOS women. Conclusion: Sexual function was similarly low in infertile PCOS and non-PCOS women. However, orgasm problems and the negative effect of acne varied between the two groups. Further investigations may target how hormonal profile may affect sexual function. Practitioners should scrutinize the specific impaired sexual domains and their correlated conditions in PCOS women, notably orgasm, acne, and prolactin level. Interventions should be well tailored based on particular needs of infertile PCOS women. © 2021, Royan Institute (ACECR). All rights reserved

Study on some physico-chemical parameters in the southern of Caspian Sea- Mazandarn Province

This study was conducted to determine physico-chemical characteristics of water and their spatial and temporal fluctuations in the Mazandaran coastal of Caspian Sea in 6 months, four seasons at 4 transects (Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad) during 2012-2013. 72 samples were collected at surface layer of water in 5, 15 and 30m depths. Then the sampls analyzed based on standard methods. Results showed that the mean of water and air temperature were 19.46±0.85 and 20.25±0.78◦C, respectively. Minimum and maximum of water temperature were recorded in winter (7.00) and summer time (28.10). Mean of salinity was 12.35±0.13 ppt. The maximum salinity was recorded in summer and minimum in winter in all transects. Mean of transparency (SD) in the present study was 2.63±0.18m. The mean of pH was observed 8.51±0.02 which was higher than the previous sampling periods. The mean of DO was observed 6.00±0.07 ml/l during sampling period. Annual concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN= NH4 +, NO2-, NO3-) has a fairly wide variation in different months and transects. Percentage of nitrogen components out of DIN were varied 6-53, 0.14-26.0 and 37.0-94.0 respectively. In this study, percentage of DIN was lower than 15% and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was higher than 80%. Mean of annual dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) and organic phosphorous were 0.58± 0.04 and 0.48± 0.02 µM, respectively. DIP and DOP percentages recorded 54 and 46 respectively. Mean annual of dissolved silicon (DSi) obtained 9.5± 0.2 µM. Based on the results, the system was in phosphorus limitation during spring and summer but it shifted to nitrogen limitation in autumn and winter. Phytoplankton development was not limited by DSi at any seasons

Determination of sediment nutrients in the cage fish culture area (before breeding) of the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran coast-Kelarabad)

This study was conducted to determine phosphorous and nitrogen species at the surface sediment in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Coast, Kelarabad). Surface sediments samples were collected at three stations from autumn of 2011 to winter of 2012. All samples were prepared by digesting and extracting processes and then phosphorous and nitrogen species concentrations determined using spectroscopy instrument. Results of this study showed that annual mean of Loosely-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Bioava.-P, Ca-P, TIP, Rese.-P and TP was obtained as 5.06±0.33, 55.11±2.52, 42.38±3.74, 102.52±5.68, 172.91±7.12, 275±9.12, 333.30±28.52 and 608±52 µg/g.dw, respectively. The results also showed that inorganic phophorous was less than organic phophorous during different seasons, however, mean percentage of residue-P containing organic compounds and non-degradable compounds was more than 50 percent. Percentage of Ca-P was higher than 60, whereas Bioava.-P was less than 40 percent. In addition, Fe-P and Loosely-P attained the maximum and minimum values, respectively, among the bioavailable phophorous. The order of different forms of phosphorous were recorded as Org-P>Ca-P>FeP>Al-P>Loosely-P. Annual mean of NH4/N, NO2/N, NO3/N, TIN, TON and TN were observed as 4.23±0.50, 0.06±0.01, 0.74±0.12, 5.02±0.53, 2.48±0.63 and 7.53±0.51 µg/g.dw, respectively. Annual percentage of TIN was two folds than TON and concentration of NH4/N was also four times than NO3/N. As a conclusion, the results revealed that main causes of Bioava.-P adsorption and desorption were temperature, Eh and pH. Also, the form of NH4+/N was of a high percentage because of anaerobic condition in the sediments. According to the high ratios of nitrogen/phosphorous of sediments to nitrogen and phosphorous of bottom water, it finds that released of those from the sediments to water will be happened with high rates. Therefore, it is expected that the establishment of fish farming cages should be carried out with more precautionary approaches which not leads to increased algae bloom