The role of trade literature in the communication system

Bibliometric methods in general undervalue technological research. This study examines the relation in literature between technological/industrial journals and scientific journals in the case of the plastics industry and polymer science. Trade-journals cannot be used in a straightforward bibliometric manner, but can be an aid in mapping the different groups and reveal the lsquohiddenrsquo communication between technological and scientific communities

At the Intersection of Tangible and Intangible : Constructing a Framework for the Protection of Indigenous Sacred Sites in the Pursuit of Natural Resource Development Projects

La problématique de la protection des sites sacrés autochtones dans le cadre du développement des ressources naturelles est devenue un sujet d’intérêt public suite à la couverture médiatique internationale, au début de 2017, du “Dakota Access Line Protest (DAPL)” du Standing Rock Sioux dans le Nord Dakota. Toutefois, cela fait très longtemps que ces préoccupations existent pour de nombreuses communautés autochtones à travers le monde. Cette thèse aborde ce sujet à partir de trois angles complémentaires : l’anthropologie juridique / la théorie autochtone, le droit international et le droit comparatif. L’anthropologie juridique jumelée à la théorie autochtone, utilisées comme savoirs externes, permet dans cette optique une approche équilibrée, pour comprendre les conceptions du temps, de l’espace et du sacré, dans une posture non-réductrice, non-essentialisée et non-romantique, en comparant quatre juridictions, celles du Canada, des États-Unis, de l’Australie et de l’Aotearoa Nouvelle-Zélande. L’objectif de cette étude comparative est de créer une matrice qui permettra d’évaluer les mécanismes et/ou dispositions juridiques pour la protection des sites sacrés autochtones dans le cadre du développement des ressources naturelles dans les quatre systèmes juridiques comparés. Notre but est d’élaborer un cadre juridique plus efficace, sensible aux contextes particuliers, pour la protection des sites sacrés autochtones dans chacune de ces juridictions. Sensible aux contextes particuliers signifie que ce cadre sera en accord avec la culture juridique du pays, les valeurs, coutumes et identités autochtones du territoire ainsi que les normes internationales potentiellement pertinentes pour ce pays. Cette approche se doit de tenir compte des différents paliers et d’être multidimensionnelle. La perspective internationale est essentielle pour trois raisons. Tout d’abord, dans le monde moderne, on retrouve la globalisation, l’internationalisation et la glocalisation. Ensuite, les nouvelles technologies de communication permettent aux Autochtones d’obtenir des appuis à leurs causes sur la scène internationale. Et, finalement, partout à travers le monde, le principe fondamental de souveraineté des États est hautement conflictuel avec l’autodétermination des Autochtones. Cette étude est nécessairement limitée aux relations entre le droit international et les droits internes de ces quatre systèmes juridiques. Comme il s’agit d’une thèse de doctorat en droit, le droit comparatif en est au cœur. Une méthodologie similaire, en quatre étapes, est utilisée pour analyser chacune des quatre juridictions. En premier lieu, les mécanismes juridiques les plus pertinents pour la protection des sites sacrés sont examinés en détail. Deuxièmement, une étude de cas, abordée dans chaque juridiction, permet de jauger concrètement l’efficacité de ces mécanismes. De plus, la matrice élaborée auparavant sert de toile fond pour évaluer ces mécanismes dans ce contexte concret. Troisièmement, tous les éléments recueillis pour chaque juridiction sont mis en relation, analysés et synthétisés. Finalement, des conclusions sont tirées pour chaque pays et serviront à la construction du cadre proposé dans le dernier chapitre. Dans le dernier chapitre, on retrouve tout d’abord, la formulation d’une solution idéale, voire idéaliste. Ensuite, des propositions pragmatiques y sont formulées pour chaque juridiction dans son contexte actuel. Somme toute, cette thèse conclut que l’approche juridique de l’Aotearoa Nouvelle-Zélande apporte une base de réflexion intéressante. Celle-ci pourrait, en effet, être transposée aux trois autres juridictions, non pas parce que ces juridictions partagent le même héritage du Common Law, mais en raison de la possible compatibilité juridique, dans ces pays, de la méthodologie utilisée par l’Aotearoa Nouvelle-Zélande pour développer les mécanismes permettant l’expression des valeurs culturelles, des traditions et des identités autochtones, à travers les concepts et structures juridiques occidentaux.While the issue of protecting Indigenous sacred sites in the pursuit of natural resource projects only came to public attention with the international press coverage of the Standing Rock Sioux’s Dakota Access Line Protest (DAPL) in North Dakota earlier in 2017, it has long been an issue of considerable concern for Indigenous peoples worldwide. This thesis considers the matter from three angles: legal anthropology/Indigenous theory, international law and comparative law. The twin perspectives of legal anthropology and Indigenous theory are employed as external disciplines in a check-and-balance exercise that aims to clarify the Indigenous conceptions of time, space and the sacred in the four jurisdictions under comparison –Canada, the United States, Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand– in a non-reductive, non-essentialized, non-romanticized manner. The objective of this exercise is to create a matrix against which juridical mechanisms and/or legal provisions for the protection of Indigenous sacred sites can be measured in the four jurisdictions studied, with the ultimate aim of crafting an improved, context-sensitive framework for the protection of Indigenous sacred sites in each such jurisdiction. Context-sensitive framework refers to a framework aligned with the country’s legal culture, Indigenous values, customs and identities found within the boundaries of that jurisdiction, and with such international norms as may potentially be pertinent in that state. This demands a multi-faceted, layered approach. The international law perspective is crucial due to three factors: first, the predominance of phenomena such as globalization, internationalization and glocalization in the modern world; second, the telecommunications revolution, which has meant that Indigenous peoples increasingly rally support for their causes on the international stage; and third, the high-profile conflict between State sovereignty and Indigenous self-determination that is ubiquitous on the world stage. The focus of this study is necessarily limited to the relationship between international and domestic law in each of the four jurisdictions. Since this is a thesis for a doctorate in law, there is comparative law at the heart of it. In each of the four jurisdictions a similar methodology is followed. In the first step, the most pertinent legal mechanisms for the protection of sacred sites are considered from up close. The second step is to test the effectiveness of such mechanisms with reference to a concrete case study in that jurisdiction. The case study contemplates the legal mechanism in question in its factual contexts with the aid of the matrix as in the first portion of the thesis. Then a process of analysis and synthesis follows, until finally, some conclusions are drawn for utilization in the construction of the final chapter’s proposed framework. The final chapter proposes both an ideal solution and some pragmatic proposals in the context of each jurisdiction. In sum, the thesis concludes that Aotearoa New Zealand’s legal approach provides an interesting basis for further development. It is deemed to be transposable into the other three jurisdictions not based on the fact that they share a common law heritage, but rather because of the compatibility of the methodology that was followed in developing the said mechanism in a manner that gives expression to Indigenous cultural values, customs and identity through the use of Western legal structures and concepts

Own education institutions as an option for minority groups

In this article the introductory part deals with Christian guidelines regarding the rights of minority groups. In the ensuing part the provision of education according to the unique educational needs of minority groups is discussed within the context of the presented guidelines. It is indicated that own education is internationally accepted as one of the major rights of minority groups. Within the international context, for example in the treaties of Unesco and in the educational provision of several countries, it is accepted that minority groups also prefer their own education institutions in order to effectively provide in their unique educational needs. In this article the more general requirements, regarding the characteristics of the education institution needed to meet the unique educational needs of a particular minority group are also identified. The impending problems in South Africa regarding own education schools for minorities are discussed briefly. In order to find possible solutions the situation in the Netherlands regarding "bijzondere scholen” to provide in the unique educational needs of particular interest groups and particularly religious groups is analysed. The conclusion arrived at is that the mentioned situation does not oppose Christian guidelines if minorities need each other to influence educational change, that the acknowledgement of the educational rights of minority groups promotes national unity, that the educational rights of minorities should imply freedom of establishment, denomination and institution and that the educational rights of minorities are fully realised if their education is financially supported by government on an equal basis to that of the majority

A critique of mission education in South Africa according to Bosch's mission paradigm theory

No Abstract. South African Journal of Education Vol. 23 (2) 2003: pp. 101-10

Verder dragtigheidsdata van Anopheles Gambiae Giles in Transvaal

No Abstract

A neuronal network model of interictal and recurrent ictal activity

We propose a neuronal network model which undergoes a saddle-node bifurcation on an invariant circle as the mechanism of the transition from the interictal to the ictal (seizure) state. In the vicinity of this transition, the model captures important dynamical features of both interictal and ictal states. We study the nature of interictal spikes and early warnings of the transition predicted by this model. We further demonstrate that recurrent seizures emerge due to the interaction between two networks.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Benefits of adopting micro-credentials for skills development

Micro-credential providers are increasing both in diversity and volume. However, employers are still concerned about their role in skill development. This study aimed to understand how micro-credentials can assist employees in skills development. A systematic literature review was conducted for studies published between (2016 to 2023). Thirty-two sources were included in the final review. After that, five recommendations for employers when adopting micro-credentials were constructed first by (1) defining the value of formal and informal education. (2) exploring micro-credentials as a tool for skills development. (3) encouraging organisations to collaborate with other institutions. (4) encouraging continuous personalised learning, known as lifelong learning. Finally, (5) acknowledging the skills acquired by employees through micro-credentials. Therefore, lifelong learning can assist the workforce in preparing for rapid technological developments

Die effek van multimedia leer- en onderrigsteunmateriaal op leesvaardighede van grondslagfaseleerders

The Department of Education, educators, parents and various stakeholders are concerned about the poor reading skills of learners in South African schools. Various national and international studies reveal shockingly low levels of reading proficiency among South African learners. The Department of Education has launched various investigations to establish why the levels of reading proficiencies are so poor. The National Reading Strategy was one of the responses to address their concerns. In order to address this issue effectively, it is imperative that the effective teaching of reading should commence in the Foundation Phase, where the basis for more advanced skills should be established. The purpose of this study was to establish whether the development and implementation of multimedia learning and teaching support material (LTSM) by means of a digital book disc (DBD) would contribute to effective facilitation of reading skills. The results of this study indicate that the integration of the DBD, as a form of multimedia LTSM, effectively supports the facilitation of reading skills.Keywords: Multimedia learning, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Early Childhood Education, Foundation Phase, DVD, teaching, learning, reading skillsArticle text in Afrikaan

Ophthalmoscopy versus non-mydriatic fundus photography in the detection of diabetic retinopathy in black patients

The contribution of non-mydriatic fundus photography in the detection of diabetic retinopathy before and after dilatation of the pupils in black diabetics was investigated and compared with direct ophthalmoscopy. Eighty-six patients were examined and good-quality photographs were obtained for 54,7% of eyes before and 86,6% of eyes after dilatation. Photographically documented retinopathy was detected by ophthalmoscopy in only 64,7% of eyes. The two methods were concordant for the presence of retinopathy in 62,2% of eyes before and 56,9% of eyes after dilatation. Photography through dilated pupils also i.mproved the rate of detection of diabetic retinopathy from 24% to 30%. The 45° non-mydriatic fundus camera was found to be a valuable adjunct in the detection of diabetic retinopathy in a busy diabetic clinic