Mikroplanktonske i mikrobentoske alge obalnog boćatog jezera Fiesa i ušća Dragonje (Slovenija)

Between 1998 and 2000, microplanktonic and microbenthic algal communities were sampled and analysed in the coastal lake Fiesa and in the Dragonja estuary. The purpose of the investigation was to establish qualitative composition and the relative abundance of algal communities. In 1999 and 2000, basic physical and chemical parameters were measured. Altogether, 159 algal taxa were determined, 83 in the coastal lake Fiesa and 120 in the Dragonja estuary. Most of the taxa belonged to the Bacillariophyceae. Thirty four percent of all taxa were typical brackish taxa. Achnanthes septata, Amphora angusta, Gyrosigma tenuissimum, Gyrosigma wansbeckii and Pleurosigma strigosum (all Bacillariophyceae) were marine species. Brackish and marine taxa were almost exclusively Bacillariophyceae. Nineteen taxa were the first citations for Slovenia, 15 of them belonging to the Bacillariophyceae and four to the Cyanophyceae. Most new taxa belong to the genus Navicula (4).U razdoblju od 1998. do 2000. uzorkovane su i analizirane mikroplanktonske i mikrobentoske zajednice algi u obalnom jezeru Fiesa i na ušću Dragonje. Cilj istraživanja bio je ustanoviti kvalitativni sastav i relativnu abundanciju zajednica algi. Osnovni fizikalni i kemijski parametri mjereni su 1999. i 2000. Utvrđeno je 159 svojta algi, 83 u jezeru Fiesa te 120 u ušću Dragonje. Većina taksona pripadala je porodici Bacillariophyceae, a 34% od ukupnog broja bile su tipične vrste boćatih voda. Morske vrste bile su Achnanthes septata, Amphora angusta, Gyrosigma tenuissimum, Gyrosigma wansbeckii i Pleurosigma strigosum (sve Bacillariophyceae). Boćati i morski taksoni bili su gotovo isključivo Bacillariophyceae. Po prvi puta za Sloveniju zabilježeno je 19 svojti, 15 iz porodice Bacillariophyceae i 4 iz porodice Cyanophyceae. Većina novih svojti pripada rodu Navicula (4)

The effectiveness of alcohol label information for increasing knowledge and awareness: a rapid evidence review

Background:- Consumers have difficulty understanding alcoholic units and low risk drinking guidelines (LRDG). Labelling may improve comprehension. The aims of this rapid evidence review were to establish the effectiveness of on-bottle labelling for (i) improving comprehension of health risks; (ii) improving comprehension of unit and/or standard drink information and/or LRDG, and (iii) reducing self-reported intentions to drink/actual drinking. Methods:- Electronic database searches were carried out (January 2008-November 2018 inclusive). Papers were included if they were: published in English; from an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development country; an experimental/quasi-experimental design. Papers were assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Ten papers were included. Most studies were moderate quality (n = 7). Results:- Five themes emerged: comprehension of health risks; self-reported drinking intentions; comprehension of unit/standard drink information and/or LRDG; outcome expectancies; and label attention. Labelling can improve awareness, particularly of health harms, but is unlikely to change behaviour. Improved comprehension was greatest for labels with unit information and LRDG. Conclusions:- Alcohol labelling can be effective in improving people’s comprehension of the health risks involved in drinking alcohol enabling them to make informed consumption decisions, and perhaps thereby provide a route to changing behaviour. Thus, effective alcohol labelling is an intervention that can be added to the broader suite of policy options. That being said, the literature reviewed here suggests that the specific format of the label matters, so careful consideration must be given to the design and placement of labels

Citizenship Norms in Eastern Europe

Research on Eastern Europe stresses the weakness of its civil society and the lack of political and social involvement, neglecting the question: What do people themselves think it means to be a good citizen? This study looks at citizens’ definitions of good citizenship in Poland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Hungary, using 2002 European Social Survey data. We investigate mean levels of civic mindedness in these countries and perform regression analyses to investigate whether factors traditionally associated with civic and political participation are also correlated with citizenship norms across Eastern Europe. We show that mean levels of civic mindedness differ significantly across the four Eastern European countries. We find some support for theories on civic and political participation when explaining norms of citizenship, but also demonstrate that individual-level characteristics are differently related to citizenship norms across the countries of our study. Hence, our findings show that Eastern Europe is not a monolithic and homogeneous bloc, underscoring the importance of taking the specificities of countries into account