Investigating the effects of water vaporization on the production of gas condensate reservoirs

Well productivity is an important issue in the development of most low and mediumpermeability gas-condensate reservoirs. However, accurate forecasts of productivity can be difficult because of the need to understand and account for the complex processes that occur in the near-well region. When the well pressure falls below the dew-point, a region of high liquid saturation builds up around the well, impairing the flow of gas and reducing the well productivity. It is essential to take account of this condensate-blockage effect when calculating well productivity. Most of the pressure drop in a gas condensate well occurs close to the well walls. Because of the increase in pressure drop and the increase in flow rate, two additional phenomena get involved in gas flow control: The effect of positive coupling (due to increased capillary number) and the effect of inertia (due to non-Darcy flow). In many gas-condensate wells, the final result of these two parameters is improving well productivity, reducing the impairment caused by condensate blockage. Another phenomenon that can take place in high temperature gas reservoir is water vaporization.Pressure drop near well wall causes molar content of water in gas-phase to increase, therefore connate water starts to vaporize near the well walls. This change in connate water saturation near the well wall can influence well productivity by changing saturation of fluids near well walls. The effect of water vaporization on well productivity of gas and gas - condensate reservoirs are investigated by considering a single well one dimensional radial model simulation. The simulations show that water vaporization increases productivity of well by increasing gas saturation and relative permeability near the well walls and improving the mobility of gas; and this effect is stronger in rich gas condensate reservoir than the lean ones.Keywords: Well, Gas, Pressure Drop, Vapor pressure of wate

Some Results on Renewal process with Erlang Interarrival Times

This paper develops the probability functions of a renewal process, whose interarrival times are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables with Erlang distribution. The results are obtained and proved through relation between Poisson and Erlang and between Beta and Binomial distributions. The distribution of the number of renewals in A =[a,b), 0 ≤ a ≤ b, and its expectation and their numerical values are given in the form of tables. An example is presented, to show the application

A Study on anisotropy of cosmic ray distribution with a small array of water-cherenkov detectors

The study of the anisotropy of the arrival directions is an essential tool to investigate the origin and propagation of cosmic rays primaries. A simple way of recording many cosmic rays is to record coincidences between a number of detectors. We have monitored multi-TeV cosmic rays by a small array of water cherenkov detectors in Tehran(35 43 N, 51 20 E, 1200m a.s.l). More than 1.1*10^6 extensive air shower events were recorded. In addition to the Compton- Getting effect due to the motion of the earth in the Galaxy, an anisotropy has been observed which is due to a unidirectional anisotropy of cosmic ray flow along the Galactic arms.Comment: 16 pages 9 figs and one tabl

Evidence for a Galactic gamma ray halo

We present quantitative statistical evidence for a $\gamma$-ray emission halo surrounding the Galaxy. Maps of the emission are derived. EGRET data were analyzed in a wavelet-based non-parametric hypothesis testing framework, using a model of expected diffuse (Galactic + isotropic) emission as a null hypothesis. The results show a statistically significant large scale halo surrounding the center of the Milky Way as seen from Earth. The halo flux at high latitudes is somewhat smaller than the isotropic gamma-ray flux at the same energy, though of the same order (O(10^(-7)--10^(-6)) ph/cm^2/s/sr above 1 GeV).Comment: Final version accepted for publication in New Astronomy. Some additional results/discussion included, along with entirely revised figures. 19 pages, 15 figures, AASTeX. Better quality figs (PS and JPEG) are available at http://tigre.ucr.edu/halo/paper.htm

Leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava and right atrium with Ascites and Jaundice: A case report

Leiomyosarcoma is one of the soft tissue sarcomas that could originate from different parts of body and are mostly presented as retropritoneal mass. Leiomyosarcomas of vascular origin are particularly rare tumors occurring mainly in inferior vena cava (IVC). Here, we report the case of a 35-year-old male patient who presented with ascites and jaundice. Further evaluation revealed large hepatic and cardiac masses with extension to IVC. Since it was not possible to determine the point of origin of leiomyosarcoma, the patient received chemotherapy under diagnosis of metastatic leiomyosarcoma but unfortunately passed away. © 2016, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved

Concepts and Dimensions in Continuous Midwifery Care Models Based on the Experiences and Expectations of Stakeholders: A Meta-Synthesis

Context: Pregnant women’s have access to different models of care especially to those who provide continuous care and this is one of the recommendations of the world health organization (WHO) for promoting maternal health. Moreover, to provide adequate services in care models, the experiences and perceptions of mothers, providers of prenatal care, and other stakeholders should be taken into consideration. Objectives: A systematic meta-synthesis was carried out to inquire into the findings of some qualitative studies aimed to explore the concept and dimensions of continuous midwifery care including experiences, perspectives and perceptions of engaged people. Data Sources: This study was the first step of an action research designed to develop a midwifery model of care. Qualitative research articles published between 2005 and 2015 on experiences, attitudes, expectations and opinions of stakeholders in models of midwifery care were collected from Google scholar, Elsevier, and PubMed databases. Study Selection: Following the various stages of the scrutiny of the abstracts and contents of the collected articles, five faculty members finally selected 21 qualitative research articles as eligible for inclusion in the meta-synthesis. Results: The findings of meta-synthesis showed that continuous midwifery care for pregnantwomenas a highly important process revolves around at least five basic themes: continuity of care, compliance with needs satisfaction levels, regulation of care environment, and the philosophy of providing continuous care. Conclusions: Given the importance of access to healthcare as a right for pregnant women and given the key role of continuous midwifery care in health promotion and maternal satisfaction, it is suggested based on the results of the study that rigorous local and national research in this area to be carried out so that adequate models of continuous midwifery care can be designed and implemented based on the findings

Short-Lived Aggregations of Filograna/Salmacina Tube Worms in the Gulf of Oman

Dense aggregations of serpulid worms were encountered in the Daymaniyat Islands (Gulf of Oman) from 10 to 20 m depth, over the period January–March, 2021. The species responsible for these aggregations belongs to the Filograna/Salmacina-complex (Annelida: Serpulidae). This species has been present in the area and observed along the Oman coastline, but high-density aggregates like this have not been reported before. The most probable cause of the aggregations, supported by field observations and Aqua-MODIS satellite data, was natural eutrophication with a subsequent algal bloom linked to the local winter monsoon. This observation emphasises the importance of documenting biodiversity and dynamics of reef communities along the Oman coastline