Effects of high temperature on survival, symbiotic performance and genomic modifications of bean nodulating Rhizobium strains.

High temperatures can affect the survival, establishment and symbiotic properties of Rhizobium strains. Bean nodulating Rhizobium strains are considered particularly sensitive because on this strains genetic recombinations and/or deletions occur frequently, thus compromising the use of these bacteria as inoculants. Rhizobium tropici and R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains isolated from cerrado soils were exposed to thermal stress and the strains' growth, survival and symbiotic relationships as well as alterations in their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were analysed. After successive thermal shocks at 45 degrees C for four hours, survival capacity appeared to be strain-specific, independent of thermo-tolerance and was more apparent in R. tropici strains. Certain R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains had significant alterations in plant dry weight and DNA patterns obtained by AP-PCR method. Rhizobium tropici strains (with the exception of FJ2.21) were more stable than R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains because no significant phenotypic alterations were observed following thermal treatments and they maintained their original genotypic pattern after inoculation in plants.

Deductive Verification of Cryptographic Software

We report on the application of an off-the-shelf verification platform to the RC4 stream cipher cryptographic software implementation (as available in the openSSL library), and introduce a deductive verification technique based on self-composition for proving the absence of error propagation

Efeito da implantação de uma floresta mista sobre a população de microrganismos celulolíticos em solos do semi-árido mineiro.

Na recuperacao e manutencao da fertilidade dos solos degradados, a decomposicao apresenta-se particularmente importante sendo a razao celulose/N um dos principais fatores que influenciam a efetividade desses processo. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a ocorrencia e a dinamica da populacao de microorganismos celuloliticos nos solos de diferentes modelos de reflorestamento de uma area degradada do Projeto Jaiba/MG. Esses modelos incluiram especies arboreas de eucalipto, leguminosas e nao leguminosas nativas. Observaram-se diferencas significativas no numero de celuloliticos entre as estacoes e os locais estudados. Nas areas impactadas ocorreu elevacao menos intensa dos microrganismos evidenciando o efeito limitante do impacto sobre essa populacao microbiana. Nos modelos de plantio avaliados o numero de celuloliticos diferiu significativamente, sendo o mais elevado no modelo representado pelo plantio do maior numero de especies. em todos os experimentos, a maior populacao de celuloliticos ocorreu nos consorcios entre leguminosas e outras especies vegetais nativas e a menor nas areas de plantio de eucalipto, sugerindo uma acao limitante dessa planta sobre o crescimento desses microrganismos. Esses resultados evidenciaram o papel dos celuloliticos como bioindicadores da qualidade do solo e da resposta as diferentes praticas de manejo

MiDaf16-like and MiSkn1-like gene families are reliable targets to develop biotechnological tools for the control and management of Meloidogyne incognita.

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The effects of symmetry on the dynamics of antigenic variation

In the studies of dynamics of pathogens and their interactions with a host immune system, an important role is played by the structure of antigenic variants associated with a pathogen. Using the example of a model of antigenic variation in malaria, we show how many of the observed dynamical regimes can be explained in terms of the symmetry of interactions between different antigenic variants. The results of this analysis are quite generic, and have wider implications for understanding the dynamics of immune escape of other parasites, as well as for the dynamics of multi-strain diseases.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures; J. Math. Biol. (2012), Online Firs

An overview of the design, construction and performance of large area triple-GEM prototypes for future upgrades of the CMS forward muon system

GEM detectors are used in high energy physics experiments given their good spatial resolution, high rate capability and radiation hardness. An international collaboration is investigating the possibility of covering the 1.6 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.4 region of the CMS muon endcaps with large-area triple-GEM detectors. The CMS high-eta area is actually not fully instrumented, only Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) are installed. The vacant area presents an opportunity for a detector technology able to to cope with the harsh radiation environment; these micropattern gas detectors are an appealing option to simultaneously enhance muon tracking and triggering capabilities in a future upgrade of the CMS detector. A general overview of this feasibility study is presented. Design and construction of small (10cm x 10cm) and full-size trapezoidal (1m x 0.5m) triple-GEM prototypes is described. Results from measurements with x-rays and from test beam campaigns at the CERN SPS is shown for the small and large prototypes. Preliminary simulation studies on the expected muon reconstruction and trigger performances of this proposed upgraded muon system are reported

Diallel analysis and inbreeding depression of commercial maize hybrids aiming the formation of base populations

The development of base populations derived from high yield commercial hybrids is considered one of the main strategies to initiate a maize breeding program, mainly because these hybrids have already been tested in many environments, and so, associating high yield and a large proportion of favorable loci fixed. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to estimate the combining abilities and inbreeding depression of commercial maize hybrids for agronomic traits. Eighteen commercial hybrids divided in two groups accordingly to their respective companies, seventy-two F combinations from a partial diallel scheme, eighteen S populations and one check were evaluated in a randomized complete block design in two experiments, both in Sementes Balu Experimental Unit, Sabáudia (PR), Brazil, for growing seasons from 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. The Griffing method (1956), adapted to a partial diallel by Geraldi and Miranda Filho (1988) was applied for the evaluation of the general com- bining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA). The hybrids P1630, P4285, 30B39Y and DKB370 showed increased yield, and hybrids P1630, 32R22H, and DKB615 showed reduced plant and ear height. These hybrids can be recommended for the extraction of inbred lines and formation of composites followed by intrapopulation selection. The combinations P1630 x DKB330, P4285 x DKB245, 30F53 x DKB370, and 32R22H x DKB370 showed desirable SCA effects for grain yield and are recommended for use in interpopulation breeding programs. Among the hybrids with desirable GCA effects, 30B39Y showed the lowest inbreeding depression effect for the analyzed traits

Interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer: a systematic review

Background: To systematically review the effects of interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer. Methods: Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared an exercise intervention to a usual care comparison in sedentary people with a homogeneous primary cancer diagnosis, over the age of 18 years were eligible. The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials MEDLINE; EMBASE; AMED; CINAHL; PsycINFO; SportDiscus; PEDro from inception to August 2012. Results: Fourteen trials were included in this review, involving a total of 648 participants. Just six trials incorporated prescriptions that would meet current recommendations for aerobic exercise. However, none of the trials included in this review reported intervention adherence of 75% or more for a set prescription that would meet current aerobic exercise guidelines. Despite uncertainty around adherence in many of the included trials, the interventions caused improvements in aerobic exercise tolerance at 8–12 weeks (SMD=0.73, 95% CI=0.51–0.95) in intervention participants compared with controls. At 6 months, aerobic exercise tolerance is also improved (SMD=0.70, 95% CI=0.45–0.94), although four of the five trials had a high risk of bias; hence, caution is warranted in its interpretation. Conclusion: Expecting the majority of sedentary survivors to achieve the current exercise guidelines is likely to be unrealistic. As with all well-designed exercise programmes, prescriptions should be designed around individual capabilities and frequency, duration and intensity or sets, repetitions, intensity of resistance training should be generated on this basis