Influenced factors in the delignification process of red meranti wood sawdust

Lignocellulosic biomass are plants that include forestry residue and agricultural residues that are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Red Meranti wood sawdust (RMWS) are one of lignocellulosic biomass that rich-cellulose content. To obtain cellulose, the pretreatments are needed to extract it from outer layer of lignin and hemicellulose by using the acid-chlorite delignification procedure aided with design of experimental from Design Expert 7.1 software. Four factors were selected in design of experiment using two level with half fraction factorial analysis were came out with total of 8 runs. The factors contributed were ratio acetic acid (AC) to RMWS (0.45 and 0.6), ratio sodium chlorite to RMWS (0.6 and 1.64), reaction time (4hr and 6hr) and temperature (55°C and 75°C). The results obtained were showed that the design model was substantial resulting with a coefficient of determination value of 0.9963. Two factors that generated the highest to the process were ratio SC to RMWS (B) and temperature (D). The percentage error between the actual and predicted value for lignin removal at 0.79% and 4.92%, which found to be less than 5%, and thus, the model was successfully validated

Deformation behaviour of self-compacting concrete containing high volume palm oil fuel ash

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an advanced type of concrete that can be placed and compacted under its own mass without vibration. Although SCC can be proportioned with a wide range of constituent materials, the utilization of supplementary cementitious materials can significantly influence the cost and performance of SCC. One of the potential supplementary cementitious materials from palm oil industry is palm oil fuel ash (POFA). The objective of the research project was to evaluate the effects of high volume POFA on the deformation behaviour of SCC. This study outlines laboratory tests, which were conducted through replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by 0%, 50% and 70% of POFA by weight, with water-binder ratio of 0.4. Target properties for SCC workability were studied as a function of the application and in terms of filling ability, passing ability, segregation resistance which include slump flow, J-ring, and V-funnel at T5minutes for fresh properties, and compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, creep, and shrinkage tests for hardened concrete. Test specimens comprising of cube, cylinder and prism were prepared and tested at 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. Results obtained in this study reveal that high volume palm oil fuel ash used in self-compacting concrete exhibited satisfactory performance particularly at later ages

The antibacterial activities and chemical composition of extracts from Carica papaya cv. Sekaki/Hong Kong seed

Ten solvents were used to extract phytochemicals from the peel of Carica papaya cv. Sekaki/Hong Kong to evaluate antibacterial activities and determine chemical composition of Carica papaya cv. Sekaki/Hong Kong seeds. The antibacterial activities of ten solvent extracts were tested against 14 microorganisms vis Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis using disk diffusion test (DDT). The Carica papaya seed of ACN and MeOH extracts inhibited 11 microorganisms, indicating their broad spectrum activity. The disk diffusion test exhibited moderate and clear inhibition on C. diphtheria, S. pneumonia, B. subtilis and C. perfringens. MeOH extract inhibited S. enteritidis, V. vulnificus, P. mirabilis and B. cereus with the lowest MIC at 11.25 mg/mL each, thus was chosen as the best extract. The hierarchy of extract potency can be ranked as MeOH > acetone > ACN > CHCL3 > hexane > DE = PE > EtOH > DCM based on clear and moderate inhibition and the lowest MIC. TPC and TFC of the extracts ranged between 4.83 to 22.59 mg GAE/g DW and 1.32 (water) and 17.15 mg QE/g DW respectively. The GC/MS analysis of MeOH extract identified potential antibacterial compounds such as isothiocyanatomethyl benzene, 9-octadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and β-sitosterol. The Carica papaya seed cv. Sekaki/ Hong Kong possessed significant antibacterial activities when extracted by different solvents in particular MeOH solvent

Desain Poros Mesin Penghancur Sampah Organik Dengan Daya 1 HP

Pada umumnya mesin pencacah digerakkan oleh motor penggerak yang mana memiliki sistem kerja motor memutar pulley bergerak, kemudian ditransmisikan ke sistem menggunakan transmisi belt untuk memutar poros utama dimana yang terdapat pisau (cruiser) pencacah dan bantalan sebagai penyeimbang poros. Untuk menjaga supaya produksi tetap berjalan dengan baik poros harus mendapat perawatan, sehingga tidak terjadi kemacetan pada waktu produksi. Kajian ini menjelaskan perhitungan pada batang poros yang digunakan pada sistem kerja mesin pencacah limbah rumah tangga untuk kompos. Dalam perancangan poros perlu memperhatikan beberapa faktor, misalnya: kelelahan, tumbukan dan pengaruh konsentrasi tegangan bila menggunakan poros bertingkat. Bahan poros terbuat dari baja S45C (baja karbon sedang) dengan spesifikasi tegangan tarik pabrikan sebesar 569 MPa atau 58 kg/mm2. Diameter poros 19 mm yang dianalisa adalah posisi tumpuan dengan panjang total poros 400 mm. putaran yang ditransmisi dari motor dan diterima poros sebesar 560 RPM, puntiran yang diterima sebesar 2,51 N.mm. Beban kerja yang diterima poros relatif beban sedang karena putaran yang tidak memiliki hentakan dari limbah organik (sayur-sayuran limbah pasar). Kekuatan poros juga akan ditentukan oleh kerja pisau penghancur yang dipasang pada pipa selubung yang melekat pada poros utama. Hasil analisa poros dengan mempertibangkan factor keamanan, faktor koreksi dan putaran poros, maka poros dapat bekerja dengan baik dan aman

Desain Poros Mesin Penghancur Sampah Organik Dengan Daya 1 HP

Pada umumnya mesin pencacah digerakkan oleh motor penggerak yang mana memiliki sistem kerja motor memutar pulley bergerak, kemudian ditransmisikan ke sistem menggunakan transmisi belt untuk memutar poros utama dimana yang terdapat pisau (cruiser) pencacah dan bantalan sebagai penyeimbang poros. Untuk menjaga supaya produksi tetap berjalan dengan baik poros harus mendapat perawatan, sehingga tidak terjadi kemacetan pada waktu produksi. Kajian ini menjelaskan perhitungan pada batang poros yang digunakan pada sistem kerja mesin pencacah limbah rumah tangga untuk kompos. Dalam perancangan poros perlu memperhatikan beberapa faktor, misalnya: kelelahan, tumbukan dan pengaruh konsentrasi tegangan bila menggunakan poros bertingkat. Bahan poros terbuat dari baja S45C (baja karbon sedang) dengan spesifikasi tegangan tarik pabrikan sebesar 569 MPa atau 58 kg/mm2. Diameter poros 19 mm yang dianalisa adalah posisi tumpuan dengan panjang total poros 400 mm. putaran yang ditransmisi dari motor dan diterima poros sebesar 560 RPM, puntiran yang diterima sebesar 2,51 N.mm. Beban kerja yang diterima poros relatif beban sedang karena putaran yang tidak memiliki hentakan dari limbah organik (sayur-sayuran limbah pasar). Kekuatan poros juga akan ditentukan oleh kerja pisau penghancur yang dipasang pada pipa selubung yang melekat pada poros utama. Hasil analisa poros dengan mempertibangkan factor keamanan, faktor koreksi dan putaran poros, maka poros dapat bekerja dengan baik dan aman

Gathering experience in trust-based interactions

As advances in mobile and embedded technologies coupled with progress in adhoc networking fuel the shift towards ubiquitous computing systems it is becoming increasingly clear that security is a major concern. While this is true of all computing paradigms, the characteristics of ubiquitous systems amplify this concern by promoting spontaneous interaction between diverse heterogeneous entities across administrative boundaries [5]. Entities cannot therefore rely on a specific control authority and will have no global view of the state of the system. To facilitate collaboration with unfamiliar counterparts therefore requires that an entity takes a proactive approach to self-protection. We conjecture that trust management is the best way to provide support for such self-protection measures

Steps in Designing Queue and Interview Process Using Information System: a Case of Re-registration of New Students in Universitas Negeri Makassar

. Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM) have a number of prospective students is quite a lot. Based on data released by the BAPSI UNM (2015) that the data student candidates of UNM who passed the selection with SNMPTN SBMPTN selection as 3,791 people. If the prospective graduate students interviewed are normally it will take a long time and will certainly make students uncomfortable. Therefore it is necessary design an information systems to solving this problem. This research aim to develop an information system to facilitate the process queue. The method used in this research is to use the three stages in the Software Development Life Cycle method namely Initiation Phase, Development/Acquisition Phase, and Implementation Phase. This information system development using PHP and CodeIgniter as a its framework. This design results will be obtained an queues and interviews information system that can be used to manage the queue and interview data. By implementing this system, it potentially reduce time to wait and the process of managing results of interviews can be obtained directly without a process of inputting interview repeat if done manually

Perancangan Dan Implementasi Quadcopter Untuk Foto Udara Objek-objek Wisata Di Kota Palembang

Tulis ini menjelaskan rancang bangun sistem kendali quadcopter dengan muatan kamera foto yang digunakan untuk pengambilan objek wisata di kota Palembang. Quadcopter dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan foto di udara disebabkan bentuk quadcopter yang sederhana, kecil, dan mempunyai kemampuan terbang tinggi mencapai 200 meter. Selain itu biaya operasional quadcopter ini cukup murah, karena sumber penggeraknya menggunakan baterai yang bisa bertahan hingga 30 menit di udara. Jika dibandingkan menyewa pesawat terbang atau helikopter dengan biaya mencapai puluhan juta rupiah, maka quadcopter merupakan alternatif solusi yang efisien. Studi ini difokuskan pada desain dan pembuatan sistem kendali quadcopter yang akan membawa kamera foto. Kestabilan terbang quadcopter dalam melakukan pengambilan foto di udara yang menjadi permasalahan, yaitu bagaimana merancang quadcopter sehingga mampu melakukan penyesuaian di udara terhadap lingkungan disekitarnya. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah sebuah prototype quadcopter dilengkapi dengan kamera foto yang dapat menggambil foto udara objek wisata di kota Palembang dan menghasilkan kualitas gambar yang baik, sehingga foto yang diperoleh diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk mempromosikan objek wisata yang ada di kota Palembang

Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Metode Inkuiri dalam Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to describe the use of methods of inquiry in the study of Natural Science in Class IV Elementary School 14 Mempawah Timur. The method used is descriptive method to form action research. Fourth grade students study subjects Elementary School 14 Mempawah Timur with as many details as 9 girls and 9 boys. The technique used in this study is the direct observation techniques and data collection tool that is used to obtain information on this study is the observation sheet. The results showed increased to 3,67 lesson planning, teaching ability of teachers to implement increased to 3,96 and student motivation increased by 83,94