Optimal Resource Allocation for CoMP based Cellular Systems with Base Station Switching

Base station switching (BSS) can results in significant reduction in energy consumption of cellular networks during low traffic conditions. We show that the coverage loss due to BSS can be compensated via coordinated multi-point (CoMP) based transmission in a cluster of base stations. For a BSS with CoMP based system, we propose various BSS patterns to achieve suitable trade-off between energy efficiency and throughput. We formulate the CoMP resource allocation and α-Fair user scheduling as a joint optimization problem. We derive the optimal time fraction and user scheduling for this problem. We utilize these results to formulate the BSS with CoMP as an optimization problem. A heuristic that solves this problem for a given rate threshold is presented. Through extensive simulations, we show that suitable trade-offs among energy, coverage, and rate can be achieved by appropriately selecting the BSS pattern, CoMP cluster, and rate threshold

Linear Differential Constraints for Photo-polarimetric Height Estimation

In this paper we present a differential approach to photo-polarimetric shape estimation. We propose several alternative differential constraints based on polarisation and photometric shading information and show how to express them in a unified partial differential system. Our method uses the image ratios technique to combine shading and polarisation information in order to directly reconstruct surface height, without first computing surface normal vectors. Moreover, we are able to remove the non-linearities so that the problem reduces to solving a linear differential problem. We also introduce a new method for estimating a polarisation image from multichannel data and, finally, we show it is possible to estimate the illumination directions in a two source setup, extending the method into an uncalibrated scenario. From a numerical point of view, we use a least-squares formulation of the discrete version of the problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to consider a unified differential approach to solve photo-polarimetric shape estimation directly for height. Numerical results on synthetic and real-world data confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method.Comment: To appear at International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Venice, Italy, October 22-29, 201

Multi-resolution isotropic strain limiting

In this paper we describe a fast strain-limiting method that allows stiff, incompliant materials to be simulated efficiently. Unlike prior approaches, which act on springs or individual strain components, this method acts on the strain tensors in a coordinate-invariant fashion allowing isotropic behavior. Our method applies to both two-and three-dimensional strains, and only requires computing the singular value decomposition of the deformation gradient, either a small 2x2 or 3x3 matrix, for each element. We demonstrate its use with triangular and tetrahedral linear-basis elements. For triangulated surfaces in three-dimensional space, we also describe a complementary edge-angle-limiting method to limit out-of-plane bending. All of the limits are enforced through an iterative, non-linear, Gauss-Seidel-like constraint procedure. To accelerate convergence, we propose a novel multi-resolution algorithm that enforces fitted limits at each level of a non-conforming hierarchy. Compared with other constraint-based techniques, our isotropic multi-resolution strain-limiting method is straightforward to implement, efficient to use, and applicable to a wide range of shell and solid materials. © 2010 ACM

Synovial tissue signatures enhance clinical classification and prognostic/treatment response algorithms in early inflammatory arthritis and predict requirement for subsequent biological therapy: results from the pathobiology of early arthritis cohort (PEAC)

Funding for PEAC MRC: Grant code 36661. Funding Infrastructure support to EMR, Arthritis Research UK Experimental Treatment Centre: Grant code 20022

Collection and Conservation of Leguminous Crops and Their Wild Relatives in Tamil Nadu, India, 2009

Based on the Memorandum of Understanding between the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India, a field survey was conducted in Tamil Nadu State, India from 29^ January 10^ February, 2009. As a result, 134 accessions of leguminous plants consist of the genus Cajanus , Lablab , Macrotyloma and Vigna , were recorded and seed samples consisting of 99 cultivated and 35 wild accessions were collected. All the seed materials collected were deposited at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India. Genetic erosion of traditional pulse landraces is rapidly proceeding in Tamil Nadu mainly due to an increase in the area of cash crops.本報告は, 独立行政法人農業生物資源研究所ジーンバンクとインド・タミルナドゥ農業大学の間で2007年4月に締結した協同研究協定（MOU）に基づいて行われたインド・タミルナドゥ州における二回目のマメ科植物遺伝資源の調査報告である．調査は，2009年1月29日～2月10日にかけて行った．調査の結果，灌漑水が利用可能になった地域において在来作物の栽培は著しく減少していることが明らかになった．タミルナドゥ州では, 政府の援助により，井戸による灌漑施設が急速に普及してきており，トウモロコシやキャッサバなどの商品作物栽培も急速に広がってきていることから, 在来作物の消失が懸念される．乾燥が厳しい天水農業地域では，ソルガムとマメ科在来作物（リョクトウ，ササゲ，モスビーン，フジマメ，キマメ等）の混作が残っていた．ホースグラムも同様の環境で栽培されていたが，単作されている例が多かった．このような環境においては，耐乾性に優れた野生種V. trilobataとV.radiata var. sublobataの自生も見られた．V. trilobataに関しては，今回の調査で，その栽培と人による食用としての利用が確認された他，ある程度栽培化が進んだと思われるような系統も収集された．また，これまでその存在が不明であったモスビーン（V. aconitifolia）の野生種と思われる3系統も，同様の乾燥環境下で発見された．これら3系統の分類学的取り扱いについては，今後詳細に検討する必要がある．これら乾燥地のマメ科植物とは対照的に，これまでV. trilobat と混同されてきたV.stipulaceaは，水田等の湿った粘土質土壌の生息地で生育していた．作物の中では，ケツルアズキ（V. mungo）が水田の畦で栽培される例が多かったことから，加湿な環境に適応している栽培種であると考えられた．菜食主義者が多いインドにおいては，マメ科作物はタンパク供給源として重要な位置を占めており，なかでもVigna属作物（ケツルアズキとリョクトウ）の安定的な生産と品種改良等による収量増は緊急の課題となっている．近年，インドにいおいては，リョクトウの生産量が不足しており，中国等からの輸入に依存していることから，その取引価格は高騰しているため，農民の生産意欲は高い．今後の共同研究による大きな成果が期待できる

Collection and Conservation of Leguminous Crops and Their Wild Relatives in Tamil Nadu, India, 2008

Based on the Memorandum of Understanding between the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan and the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India, a field survey was conducted in Tamil Nadu State, India from March 1 to 16, 2008. As a result, 32 accessions of leguminous plants consist of the genus Vigna, Lablab, Phaseolus and Macrotyloma were recorded and seed samples of 29 accessions consisting of 17 cultivated and 12 wild accessions were collected. All the seed materials collected were deposited at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India.本報告は，独立行政法人農業生物資源研究所ジーンバンクとインド，タミルナドゥ農業大学の間で2007年4月に締結した協同研究協定（MOU）に基づいて行われたインド，タミルナドゥ州における植物遺伝資源の調査報告である．調査は，2008年3月1日～16日にかけて行った．調査の結果，在来作物の栽培は著しく減少しつつあることが明らかになったが，乾燥が厳しい地域で現地農民がモスビーンの野生型（匍匐性で茎が長く伸び，葉の切れ込みが大きく耐乾性が強いという）といっている系統の栽培や，やや栽培化が進んだ状態（種子がやや大型化し，裂莢性が低下しているという）と思われるVigna stipulacea の多目的栽培（食用種子生産，飼料生産，被覆作物）など，興味深い特性を持つと考えられる遺伝資源も残存していた．Vigna（ササゲ）属野生植物遺伝資源に関しても，高い多様性の収集が期待できる地域である．また，Lablab（フジマメ）属の野生種も豊富であることが今回の調査で明らかになった．菜食主義者が多いインドにおいては，マメ科作物はタンパク供給源として重要な位置を占めており，なかでもVigna属作物（ケツルアズキとリョクトウ）の安定的な生産と品種改良等による収量増に関する研究には高い優先順位をつけて研究を推進している．協同研究の相手であるタミルナドゥ農業大学においても，ケツルアズキとリョクトウの育種，栽培，分子遺伝学的解析などの課題に多くの研究者が取り組んでいた．今後の共同研究による大きな成果が期待できる

Photo-antagonism of the GABAA receptor

Neurotransmitter receptor trafficking is fundamentally important for synaptic transmission and neural network activity. GABAA receptors and inhibitory synapses are vital components of brain function, yet much of our knowledge regarding receptor mobility and function at inhibitory synapses is derived indirectly from using recombinant receptors, antibody-tagged native receptors and pharmacological treatments. Here we describe the use of a set of research tools that can irreversibly bind to and affect the function of recombinant and neuronal GABAA receptors following ultraviolet photoactivation. These compounds are based on the competitive antagonist gabazine and incorporate a variety of photoactive groups. By using site-directed mutagenesis and ligand-docking studies, they reveal new areas of the GABA binding site at the interface between receptor β and α subunits. These compounds enable the selected inactivation of native GABAA receptor populations providing new insight into the function of inhibitory synapses and extrasynaptic receptors in controlling neuronal excitation

Analysis of Sample Correlations for Monte Carlo Rendering

Modern physically based rendering techniques critically depend on approximating integrals of high dimensional functions representing radiant light energy. Monte Carlo based integrators are the choice for complex scenes and effects. These integrators work by sampling the integrand at sample point locations. The distribution of these sample points determines convergence rates and noise in the final renderings. The characteristics of such distributions can be uniquely represented in terms of correlations of sampling point locations. Hence, it is essential to study these correlations to understand and adapt sample distributions for low error in integral approximation. In this work, we aim at providing a comprehensive and accessible overview of the techniques developed over the last decades to analyze such correlations, relate them to error in integrators, and understand when and how to use existing sampling algorithms for effective rendering workflows.publishe

What factors influence the rediscovery of lost tetrapod species?

We created a database of lost and rediscovered tetrapod species, identified patterns in their distribution and factors influencing rediscovery. Tetrapod species are being lost at a faster rate than they are being rediscovered, due to slowing rates of rediscovery for amphibians, birds and mammals, and rapid rates of loss for reptiles. Finding lost species and preventing future losses should therefore be a conservation priority. By comparing the taxonomic and spatial distribution of lost and rediscovered tetrapod species, we have identified regions and taxa with many lost species in comparison to those that have been rediscovered—our results may help to prioritise search effort to find them. By identifying factors that influence rediscovery, we have improved our ability to broadly distinguish the types of species that are likely to be found from those that are not (because they are likely to be extinct). Some lost species, particularly those that are small and perceived to be uncharismatic, may have been neglected in terms of conservation effort, and other lost species may be hard to find due to their intrinsic characteristics and the characteristics of the environments they occupy (e.g. nocturnal species, fossorial species and species occupying habitats that are more difficult to survey such as wetlands). These lost species may genuinely await rediscovery. However, other lost species that possess characteristics associated with rediscovery (e.g. large species) and that are also associated with factors that negatively influence rediscovery (e.g. those occupying small islands) are more likely to be extinct. Our results may foster pragmatic search protocols that prioritise lost species likely to still exist.Israel Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003977Leibniz‐Institut für Gewässerökologie und BinnenfischereiAlexander von Humboldt‐StiftungPontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011749Peer Reviewe