Electrical impedance tomography reveals pathophysiology of neonatal pneumothorax during NAVA

Pneumothorax is a potentially life‐threatening complication of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We describe a case of a tension pneumothorax that occurred during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in a preterm infant suffering from RDS. The infant was included in a multicenter study examining the role of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in intensive care and therefore continuously monitored with this imaging method. The attending physicians were blinded for EIT findings but offline analysis revealed the potential of EIT to clarify the underlying cause of this complication, which in this case was heterogeneous lung disease resulting in uneven ventilation distribution. Instantaneous increase in end‐expiratory lung impedance on the affected side was observed at time of the air leak. Real‐time bedside availability of EIT data could have modified the treatment decisions made

Multimodal Machine Learning-based Knee Osteoarthritis Progression Prediction from Plain Radiographs and Clinical Data

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease without a cure, and current treatment options are limited to symptomatic relief. Prediction of OA progression is a very challenging and timely issue, and it could, if resolved, accelerate the disease modifying drug development and ultimately help to prevent millions of total joint replacement surgeries performed annually. Here, we present a multi-modal machine learning-based OA progression prediction model that utilizes raw radiographic data, clinical examination results and previous medical history of the patient. We validated this approach on an independent test set of 3,918 knee images from 2,129 subjects. Our method yielded area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.79 (0.78-0.81) and Average Precision (AP) of 0.68 (0.66-0.70). In contrast, a reference approach, based on logistic regression, yielded AUC of 0.75 (0.74-0.77) and AP of 0.62 (0.60-0.64). The proposed method could significantly improve the subject selection process for OA drug-development trials and help the development of personalized therapeutic plans

Thoracic shape changes in newborns due to their position

The highly compliant nature of the neonatal chest wall is known to clinicians. However, its morphological changes have never been characterized and are especially important for a customised monitoring of respiratory diseases. Here, we show that a device applied on newborns can trace their chest boundary without the use of radiation. Such technology, which is easy to sanitise between patients, works like a smart measurement tape drawing also a digital cross section of the chest. We also show that in neonates the supine position generates a significantly different cross section compared to the lateral ones. Lastly, an unprecedented comparison between a premature neonate and a child is reported

Atomic layer deposition of cobalt(II) oxide thin films from Co(BTSA)(2)(THF) and H2O

In this work, we have studied the applicability of Co(BTSA)(2)(THF) [BTSA = bis(trimethylsilyl)amido] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) in atomic layer deposition (ALD) of cobalt oxide thin films. When adducted with THF, the resulting Co(BTSA)(2)(THF) showed good volatility and could be evaporated at 55 degrees C, which enabled film deposition in the temperature range of 75-250 degrees C. Water was used as the coreactant, which led to the formation of Co(II) oxide films. The saturative growth mode characteristic to ALD was confirmed with respect to both precursors at deposition temperatures of 100 and 200 degrees C. According to grazing incidence x-ray diffraction measurements, the films contain both cubic rock salt and hexagonal wurtzite phases of CoO. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirmed that the primary oxidation state of cobalt in the films is +2. The film composition was analyzed using time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis, which revealed the main impurities in the films to be H and Si. The Si impurities originate from the BTSA ligand and increased with increasing deposition temperature, which indicates that Co(BTSA)(2)(THF) is best suited for low-temperature deposition. To gain insight into the surface chemistry of the deposition process, an in situ reaction mechanism study was conducted using quadrupole mass spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance techniques. Based on the in situ experiments, it can be concluded that film growth occurs via a ligand exchange mechanism. Published by the AVS.Peer reviewe

It's in the bag: stronger supervision for automated face labelling

The objective of this work is automatic labelling of characters in TV video and movies, given weak supervisory information provided by an aligned transcript. We make four contributions: (i) a new strategy for obtaining stronger supervisory information from aligned transcripts; (ii) an explicit model for classifying background characters, based on their face-tracks; and (iii) employing new ConvNet based face features. Each of these contributions delivers a significant boost in performance, and we demonstrate this on standard benchmarks using tracks provided by authors of prior work. Finally, (iv), we also investigate the generalization and strength of the features and classifiers by applying them “in the raw” on new episodes where no supervisory information is used. Overall we achieve a dramatic improvement over the state of the art on both TV series and film datasets, almost saturating performance on some benchmarks