Mixing Enthalpy for Binary Mixtures Containing Ionic Liquids

International audienceA complete review of the published data on the mixing enthalpies of mixtures containing ionic liquids, measured directly using calorimetric techniques, is presented in this paper. The field of ionic liquids is very active and a number of research groups in the world are dealing with different applications of these fluids in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, energy, gas storage and separation or materials science. In all these fields, the knowledge of the energetics of mixing is capital both to understand the interactions between these fluids and the different substrates and also to establish the energy and environmental cost of possible applications. Due to the relative novelty of the field, the published data is sometimes controversial and recent reviews are fragmentary and do not represent a set of reliable data. This fact can be attributed to different reasons: (i) difficulties in controlling the purity and stability of the ionic liquid samples; (ii) availability of accurate experimental techniques, appropriate for the measurement of viscous, charged, complex fluids; and (iii) choice of an appropriate clear thermodynamic formalism to be used by an interdisciplinary scientific community. In this paper, we address all these points and propose a critical review of the published data, advise on the most appropriate apparatus and experimental procedure to measure this type of physical-chemical data in ionic liquids as well as the way to treat the information obtained by an appropriate thermodynamic formalism

Photochemical synthesis

Photochemical reactions are generally easily carried out, at least in laboratory scale, and require no expensive apparatus. Some general reactions, e.g. the cycloaddition of enones to alkenes and various oxygenations have been extensively investigated and represent an excellent choice for preparative applications. Many other possibilities are known-and a few are presented below. This suggests that photochemical steps should be considered more often in synthetic planning