Implementación del Modelo Hidrodinámico Bidimensional TELEMAC-2D en un tramo del río Paraná Inferior

En este trabajo se presenta la implementación del modelo de simulación hidrodinámica bidimensional TELEMAC-2D en el tramo km 410-452 del río Paraná Inferior, empleando una grilla triangular irregular. Se crearon dos constituciones a partir de relevamientos batimétricos realizados en los años 2004-2006 y 2010-2012 y se efectuaron simulaciones para flujo permanente e impermanente. En flujo permanente se utilizaron caudales aforados comprendidos entre 11640 m3/s y 28600 m3/s, mientras que, en flujo impermanente se empleó la serie de caudales registrada en el período 01/01/2004 al 31/12/2004 y en el período 16/03/2015 al 15/03/2016 para cada constitución del modelo respectivamente. Las variables de ajuste fueron los niveles observados en los hidrómetros de Rosario (ROS-km 416) y Puerto San Martín (PSM-km 448), empleándose como parámetro de calibración el coeficiente de rugosidad de Manning. Además, las particiones de caudales en las cuatro bifurcaciones del tramo se compararon con las mediciones disponibles, junto con las variaciones de las áreas mojadas y las distribuciones de caudales específicos en distintas secciones transversales, observándose una variación en los dos primeros parámetros, mientras que el tercero permanece prácticamente estable.Universidad Nacional de Rosari

Modeling Population Exposure to Ultrafine Particles in a Major Italian Urban Area

Average daily ultrafine particles (UFP) exposure of adult Milan subpopulations (defined on the basis of gender, and then for age, employment or educational status), in different exposure scenarios (typical working day in summer and winter) were simulated using a microenvironmental stochastic simulation model. The basic concept of this kind of model is that time-weighted average exposure is defined as the sum of partial microenvironmental exposures, which are determined by the product of UFP concentration and time spent in each microenvironment. In this work, environmental concentrations were derived from previous experimental studies that were based on microenvironmental measurements in the city of Milan by means of personal or individual monitoring, while time-activity patterns were derived from the EXPOLIS study. A significant difference was observed between the exposures experienced in winter (W: 28,415 pt/cm3) and summer (S: 19,558 pt/cm3). Furthermore, simulations showed a moderate difference between the total exposures experienced by women (S: 19,363 pt/cm3; W: 27,623 pt/cm3) and men (S: 18,806 pt/cm3; W: 27,897 pt/cm3). In addition, differences were found as a function of (I) age, (II) employment status and (III) educational level; accordingly, the highest total exposures resulted for (I) 55–59 years old people, (II) housewives and students and (III) people with higher educational level (more than 10 years of scholarity). Finally, significant differences were found between microenvironment-specific exposures

Simulating quantum statistics with entangled photons: a continuous transition from bosons to fermions

In contrast to classical physics, quantum mechanics divides particles into two classes-bosons and fermions-whose exchange statistics dictate the dynamics of systems at a fundamental level. In two dimensions quasi-particles known as 'anyons' exhibit fractional exchange statistics intermediate between these two classes. The ability to simulate and observe behaviour associated to fundamentally different quantum particles is important for simulating complex quantum systems. Here we use the symmetry and quantum correlations of entangled photons subjected to multiple copies of a quantum process to directly simulate quantum interference of fermions, bosons and a continuum of fractional behaviour exhibited by anyons. We observe an average similarity of 93.6\pm0.2% between an ideal model and experimental observation. The approach generalises to an arbitrary number of particles and is independent of the statistics of the particles used, indicating application with other quantum systems and large scale application.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Universal computation by multi-particle quantum walk

A quantum walk is a time-homogeneous quantum-mechanical process on a graph defined by analogy to classical random walk. The quantum walker is a particle that moves from a given vertex to adjacent vertices in quantum superposition. Here we consider a generalization of quantum walk to systems with more than one walker. A continuous-time multi-particle quantum walk is generated by a time-independent Hamiltonian with a term corresponding to a single-particle quantum walk for each particle, along with an interaction term. Multi-particle quantum walk includes a broad class of interacting many-body systems such as the Bose-Hubbard model and systems of fermions or distinguishable particles with nearest-neighbor interactions. We show that multi-particle quantum walk is capable of universal quantum computation. Since it is also possible to efficiently simulate a multi-particle quantum walk of the type we consider using a universal quantum computer, this model exactly captures the power of quantum computation. In principle our construction could be used as an architecture for building a scalable quantum computer with no need for time-dependent control

Coherent Time Evolution and Boundary Conditions of Two-Photon Quantum Walks

Multi-photon quantum walks in integrated optics are an attractive controlled quantum system, that can mimic less readily accessible quantum systems and exhibit behavior that cannot in general be accurately replicated by classical light without an exponential overhead in resources. The ability to observe time evolution of such systems is important for characterising multi-particle quantum dynamics---notably this includes the effects of boundary conditions for walks in spaces of finite size. Here we demonstrate the coherent evolution of quantum walks of two indistinguishable photons using planar arrays of 21 evanescently coupled waveguides fabricated in silicon oxynitride technology. We compare three time evolutions, that follow closely a model assuming unitary evolution, corresponding to three different lengths of the array---in each case we observe quantum interference features that violate classical predictions. The longest array includes reflecting boundary conditions.Comment: 7 pages,7 figure

Macieiras contrastantes em exigência de frio apresentam a mesma evolução de brotação quando tratadas com cianamida hidrogenada ao longo da endodormência?

A macieira, sendo uma espécie de clima temperado, apresenta a entrada em endodormência no outono e requer um acúmulo de horas de frio (HF, soma de temperatura < 7,2°C) durante o inverno para superar esse estado fisiológico. As exigências de HF variam entre genótipos e quando o somatório de frio local é menor são recomendados tratamentos químicos indutores, como a cianamida hidrogenada (CH). Para que o tratamento com CH seja eficaz, sabe-se que as plantas precisam de um certo acúmulo de HF, tornando-se necessário determinar o somatório de frio mínimo para que esse produto tenha efeito pleno. Outra questão importante é definir se existe diferença na quantidade de HF acumulada para que a CH tenha efeito, quando utiliza-se genótipos contrastantes de exigência de frio. Buscando responder a estas questões, em maio/2013 foram coletadas brindilas de Castel Gala (K, exigência de 300HF) e Imperial Gala (G, 600 HF), as quais foram esterilizadas em hipoclorito, embaladas em sacos plásticos e submetidas a um frio constante de 3°C (BODs), por seis tempos de frio para K (50 a 350HF) e G (50 a 600HF). Em cada ponto de frio, 80 brindilas de cada genótipo foram transferidas para uma condição de 25°C e 70% de umidade (fitotron) para estimular e avaliar a brotação, sendo 40 como controle e 40 tratadas no dia da transferência com CH (1% Dormex® + 3% Assist® ). Diariamente, todas as brindilas foram avaliadas quanto à ocorrência de brotação (ponta verde) das gemas apicais e laterais, sendo esses dados ajustados em um modelo assimétrico de evolução da brotação (curva de Gompertz) para obter os parâmetros de precocidade, uniformidade e máximo percentual de brotação. Para K, os tratamentos de CH não proporcionaram diferenças significativas em relação ao controle. Em contrapartida, para G o efeito de CH foi desde 300 HF, o que corresponde a 50% da exigência de frio desta cultivar. Portanto, observa-se um comportamento distinto entre genótipos em relação à resposta a CH, o que deve ser considerado no manejo fitotécnico da dormência em pomares

The nonrelativistic limit of the Majorana equation and its simulation in trapped ions

We analyze the Majorana equation in the limit where the particle is at rest. We show that several counterintuitive features, absent in the rest limit of the Dirac equation, do appear. Among them, Dirac-like positive energy solutions that turn into negative energy ones by free evolution, or nonstandard oscillations and interference between real and imaginary spinor components for complex solutions. We also study the ultrarelativistic limit, showing that the Majorana and Dirac equations mutually converge. Furthermore, we propose a physical implementation in trapped ions.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. Proceedings of 18th Central European Workshop on Quantum Optics (CEWQO 2011), Madrid, Spai

Quality assurance for CMS Tracker LV and HV Power Supplies

This work describes the quality assurance measurements that have been carried out on about 2000 Power Supply Units produced in CAEN technology for the CMS Silicon Tracker Detector. The automate procedure and the characteristics of the dedicated Test Fixture developed for this activity are described in details. Magnetic field tolerance and radiation hardness of Tracker power supply units is also discussed at length

On the experimental verification of quantum complexity in linear optics

The first quantum technologies to solve computational problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers are likely to be devices that exploit characteristics inherent to a particular physical system, to tackle a bespoke problem suited to those characteristics. Evidence implies that the detection of ensembles of photons, which have propagated through a linear optical circuit, is equivalent to sampling from a probability distribution that is intractable to classical simulation. However, it is probable that the complexity of this type of sampling problem means that its solution is classically unverifiable within a feasible number of trials, and the task of establishing correct operation becomes one of gathering sufficiently convincing circumstantial evidence. Here, we develop scalable methods to experimentally establish correct operation for this class of sampling algorithm, which we implement with two different types of optical circuits for 3, 4, and 5 photons, on Hilbert spaces of up to 50,000 dimensions. With only a small number of trials, we establish a confidence >99% that we are not sampling from a uniform distribution or a classical distribution, and we demonstrate a unitary specific witness that functions robustly for small amounts of data. Like the algorithmic operations they endorse, our methods exploit the characteristics native to the quantum system in question. Here we observe and make an application of a "bosonic clouding" phenomenon, interesting in its own right, where photons are found in local groups of modes superposed across two locations. Our broad approach is likely to be practical for all architectures for quantum technologies where formal verification methods for quantum algorithms are either intractable or unknown.Comment: Comments welcom

Novel Collective Effects in Integrated Photonics

Superradiance, the enhanced collective emission of energy from a coherent ensemble of quantum systems, has been typically studied in atomic ensembles. In this work we study theoretically the enhanced emission of energy from coherent ensembles of harmonic oscillators. We show that it should be possible to observe harmonic oscillator superradiance for the first time in waveguide arrays in integrated photonics. Furthermore, we describe how pairwise correlations within the ensemble can be measured with this architecture. These pairwise correlations are an integral part of the phenomenon of superradiance and have never been observed in experiments to date.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure