PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF GUDAGATA VIKARA (ANORECTAL DISORDERS)- AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE

Gudagata Vikara (Anorectal disorders) refers to ailments of the anus and/ or rectum. Gudagata Vikara includes; Arsha (Haemorrhoids), Bhagandara (Fistula in Ano), Parikartika (Fissure in Ano), Guda Kandu (Pruritus Ani), etc. These are some common disorders in human being. A study by Sharma et al. showed that Hemorrhoids (49%) and fistula-in-ano (27%) were commonest anorectal conditions, mostly affecting the age group 18-45 years. Apathya Ahara and Vihara leads to vitiation of Doshas causing Mandagni and vitiation of Apanavayu resulting in stagnation of Mala in Gudavali which leads to anorectal disorders. In present study a thorough and scientific review of Ahara (diet) and Vihara (lifestyle) has been carried out for the prevention and management of anorectal diseases. Materials and methods: Ayurvedic treaties, text books, Dissertation, Articles from PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google scholar, Mesh, Google search has been searched thoroughly related to the subject. Discussion: Gudagata Vikara, Anorectal Disorders, Ahara (Diet), Vihara (Lifestyle), Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Sadvritta has been discussed. Conclusions: Food articles mentioned in Ayurvedic text are effective in the management of Anorectal diseases. Lifestyle changes according to Dinacharya, Ritucharya and Sadavritta and following do’s and don’ts are effective in the management of Anorectal disease

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF APAMARGA AND KUTAJA PRATISARANIYA KSHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SECOND DEGREE HAEMORRHOIDS (ARSHA)

Arsha (haemorrhoid) is known to mankind as a common anorectal disease. According to Ayurveda Mithyaaaharvihara i.e., unhealthy lifestyle is one of the major aetiological factor of Arsha and it is unavoidable in this busy modern lifestyle due to junk food habits and lack of time. This habit causes vitiation of Doshas which affect digestive fire (Mandagni) and cause constipation. Hence constipation is one of the major causes for hemorrhoid. It is also known as “Mahagadas” which means difficult to cure. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned that Ksharakarma is one of the effective methods of treating Gudarsha. In these research article efforts has been made to treat II0 Haemorrhoids by Ksharakarma. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Apamarg and Kutaj Pratisaaraniya Kshar in the management of hemorrhoids. Materials and methods: An open Randomized comparative clinical study. The entire 40 patients were divided into two groups; Group-A: 20 patients- Application of Apamarg Pratisaaraniya Kshara, Group-B: 20 patients- Application of Kutaj Pratisaraniya Kshara. Observation and Results: According to the Chi-Square test the value obtained was 29.565 and p value was 0.0001 which is highly significantin group A. Conclusion: As per the complete analytical data and observation of the result found in the both group it has been revealed that patient to whom Apamarg Kshar was applied has the better result as compared to the application of Kutaja Kshara

Efficient Real Time Vehicles Detection Approach for Complex Urban Traffic Management

Vehicles now a day are becoming very necessary part of our life this is leading to increase in congested traffic conditions around the world. With our research in this domain of vehicle detection with image processing we are focusing on detection of vehicles. This is then combined with car size detection. Our approach is to first work on the feature of four wheeler i.e., windshield of the car. Then to work with saliency generation of the region of interest which will be containing only windshield part for the vehicles in the frame. With conversion of this frame into HSV color model. From HSV the saturation value within certain limit is kept for the segmentation then on from that leading to the detection of the vehicles in the given frame. Vehicle size detection we have considered eagle eye view for taking out area and on the basis of that deciding threshold for the vehicles into different categories. Categories of vehicles include small, medium, large vehicles for four wheelers

First characterization of a superconducting filter-bank spectrometer for hyper-spectral microwave atmospheric sounding with transition edge sensor readout

We describe the design, fabrication, integration and characterization of a prototype superconducting filter bank with transition edge sensor readout designed to explore millimetre-wave detection at frequencies in the range 40 to 65 GHz. Results indicate highly uniform filter channel placement in frequency and high overall detection efficiency. The route to a full atmospheric sounding instrument in this frequency range is discussed.Centre for Earth Observing Instrumentation UK (CEOI

Present status and future prospects of Gir cow

Gir cattle in Saurashtra provide milk, manure and draught power. Animal genetic resources of native breeds are largely underutilized in India and indiscriminate crossbreeding has degraded large numbers of local breeds. This is also true with Gir cattle in its native breeding tract. (i) About two-third population is either graded Gir or Gir like and hence not pure Gir, (ii) only one-third population i.e. 7.6 lakh could be 95% towards pure Gir. Hence, it is difficult to obtain large number of pure Gir animals. Since 2003–04 to 2012– 13, contribution of Saurashtra to state total indigenous cattle milk yield is 60%. A 25 years data analysis on Gir cows at CBF revealed average lactation yield as 2029 litre in 321 days lactation length and 1843.8 litre milk yield in 300 days. Production performance of Gir cows in three districts:(1) Junagadh (2) Rajkot and (3) Bhavnagar showed that average test day milk yield in Gir cows over a lactation were 7.99±0.05 litre/d for Junagadh, 6.43±0.03 litre/d for Rajkot and 6.71±0.04 litre /d for Bhavnagar district, projected values for 300-days milk yield being was 2397, 1929, and 2013 litre for the three districts respectively. Average AFC in Gir cattle of the station herd was 1527.7±14.1 days (51 mth) whereas survey study in Junagadh, Rajkot and Bhavnagar districts indicated AFC in field Gir cows as 45, 49, and 46 month, respectively. Parity had a significant effect on total lactation milk yield in Gir cows at CBF. Highest total lactation yield was observed in 2nd lactation (2132±123.4 litre) while lowest was observed in 10th lactation (1456.8±219.1 litre). Milk production traits LY and 300-d LY exhibited 10 to 13 % genetic variability in the herd. This suggests that to increase variability in the herd, genetic material from outside herd needs to be introduced

Promoting menstrual health among persian adolescent girls from low socioeconomic backgrounds: a quasi-experimental study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Research in the past decade has revealed average to poor menstrual health among many Iranian girls. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a health promotion project on improving menstrual health in adolescent girls in Iran.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the health intervention program. A total of 698 students (study participants and controls) in several schools in Mazandaran province, Iran were included. The project comprised 10 two-hour educational sessions. Educational topics included the significance of adolescence, physical and emotional changes during adolescence, pubertal and menstruation health and premenstrual syndrome. A self-administered questionnaire measuring demographic characteristics, behaviors during menstruation, menstrual patterns, sources of information about menstruation and personal health data was administered. The questionnaire was administered to all participating students after the experimental group received the training.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the most significant results was the impact of educational sessions on bathing and genital hygiene. A total of 61.6% in the experimental group compared with 49.3% in the control group engaged in usual bathing during menstruation (p = 0.002). Individual health status was significantly statistically correlated with menstrual health. Attitude towards menstruation was also significantly related to menstrual health.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study confirms that educational interventions, such as the health promotion project in this study, can be quite effective in promoting menstrual health.</p

Radiation responses of 2D and 3D glioblastoma cells: a novel, 3D-specific radioprotective role of VEGF/Akt signaling through functional activation of NHEJ

Glioblastoma is resistant to conventional treatments and has dismal prognosis. Despite promising in vitro data, molecular targeted agents have failed to improve outcomes in patients, indicating that conventional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models of GBM do not recapitulate the clinical scenario. Responses of primary glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) to radiation in combination with EGFR, VEGF and Akt inhibition were investigated in conventional 2D cultures and a 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of GBM that recapitulates key GBM clinical features. VEGF deprivation had no effect on radiation responses of 2D GSC but enhanced radiosensitivity of GSC cultures in 3D. The opposite effects were observed for EGFR inhibition. Detailed analysis of VEGF and EGF signalling demonstrated a radioprotective role of Akt that correlates with VEGF in 3D and with EGFR in 2D. In all cases, positive correlations were observed between increased radiosensitivity, markers of unrepaired DNA damage and persistent phospho-DNA-PK nuclear foci. Conversely, increased numbers of Rad51 foci were observed in radioresistant populations, indicating a novel role for VEGF/Akt signalling in influencing radiosensitivity by regulating the balance between non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination mediated DNA repair. Differential activation of tyrosine kinase receptors in 2D and 3D models of GBM explains the well documented discrepancy between pre-clinical and clinical effects of EGFR inhibitors. Data obtained from our 3D model identify novel determinants and mechanisms of DNA repair and radiosensitivity in GBM, and confirm Akt as a promising therapeutic target in this cancer of unmet need

Class II MHC Self-Antigen Presentation in Human B and T Lymphocytes

Human CD4[superscript +] T cells process and present functional class II MHC-peptide complexes, but the endogenous peptide repertoire of these non-classical antigen presenting cells remains unknown. We eluted and sequenced HLA-DR-bound self-peptides presented by CD4[superscript +] T cells in order to compare the T cell-derived peptide repertoire to sequences derived from genetically identical B cells. We identified several novel epitopes derived from the T cell-specific proteome, including fragments of CD4 and IL-2. While these data confirm that T cells can present peptides derived from the T-cell specific proteome, the vast majority of peptides sequenced after elution from MHC were derived from the common proteome. From this pool, we identified several identical peptide epitopes in the T and B cell repertoire derived from common endogenous proteins as well as novel endogenous epitopes with promiscuous binding. These findings indicate that the endogenous HLA-DR-bound peptide repertoire, regardless of APC type and across MHC isotype, is largely derived from the same pool of self-protein.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant P01AI039671)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (P01AI045757

PATRIC: The VBI PathoSystems Resource Integration Center

The PathoSystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) is one of eight Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infection Diseases (NIAID) to create a data and analysis resource for selected NIAID priority pathogens, specifically proteobacteria of the genera Brucella, Rickettsia and Coxiella, and corona-, calici- and lyssaviruses and viruses associated with hepatitis A and E. The goal of the project is to provide a comprehensive bioinformatics resource for these pathogens, including consistently annotated genome, proteome and metabolic pathway data to facilitate research into counter-measures, including drugs, vaccines and diagnostics. The project's curation strategy has three prongs: ‘breadth first’ beginning with whole-genome and proteome curation using standardized protocols, a ‘targeted’ approach addressing the specific needs of researchers and an integrative strategy to leverage high-throughput experimental data (e.g. microarrays, proteomics) and literature. The PATRIC infrastructure consists of a relational database, analytical pipelines and a website which supports browsing, querying, data visualization and the ability to download raw and curated data in standard formats. At present, the site warehouses complete sequences for 17 bacterial and 332 viral genomes. The PATRIC website () will continually grow with the addition of data, analysis and functionality over the course of the project