The Effects of Aerosolized Lead on the Immune and Hematopoietic Systems

The immunological responsiveness of two groups of mice exposed to 2.5 mg/m3 aerosolized Pb(N03)2 either since birth or for 14 days prior to immunization were compared with mice receiving equivalent quantities Pb(N03)2 (125 ~g/mouse/day) by gastric intubation for 1~ days. Each group was immunized at 5 weeks of age with 108 sheep red blood cells to examine both primary and secondary antibody responses. Lead immunotoxicity was evaluated by comparing total and differential leukocyte counts, cellulose acetate electrophoretic serum profiles, phagocytic index, hemolytic complement activity, hemagglutination antibody titers and organ (lung, thymus, spleen, kidney and liver) to body weight ratios. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of lead in serum, blood and tissues. None of the immunological parameters examined were significantly affected by lead ingestion. However, aerosolized lead resulted in significant decreases in antibody titers; hemolytic complement activity; phagocytic indices; thymus to body and spleen to body weight ratios; and reduced numbers of monocytes as well as a neutrophilic shift to lymphocytes. Effects were greatest in mice born and reared in the aerosolization chamber. These results indicate the greater immunotoxicity of aerosolized lead compared with ingested lead and thus the daily health hazard aerosolized lead presents. The goal of this research was to compare the chronic immunological effects of aerosolized lead with that of injested lead. An outbred strain of Swiss Webster mice originally obtained from Charles River Laboratories was used throughout this project. Each litter was sexed, distributed equally among groups, and cross-fostered. The effects of chronic aerosolized lead exposure were determined using mice exposed either for 14 days or since birth to aerosolized lead in an aerosolization chamber. Mice which received orally administered lead received an equivalent amount of lead by gastric intubation for 14 days. Both groups of mice had separate control groups. Since the immune and hematopoietic systems are extremely sensitive to chemical toxicity, immunological alteration was deemed to be an effective means of measuring the potential pollutant health hazards caused by lead

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Badan Kepegawaian Daerah DIY

This study aims to determine a positive influence between work discipline, motivation, and organizational culture partially on employee job satisfaction PT. Tripatra Engineering Yogyakarta. To know the most dominant factors affect the job satisfaction of employees of PT. Tripatra Engineering Yogyakarta. The variables of this study is the work discipline, work motivation, organizational culture and job satisfaction. The population in this study are employees of PT Tripatra Engineering Yogyakarta totaling 50 people, so the population is less than 100, the authors take the object of research at PT Tripatra Engineering Yogyakarta, where the entire population is used as a research subject and no sample, this study used census method. The method of collecting data using questionnaires. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. The results obtained by the equation Y = 0,248X1 + 0,287X2 + 0,445X3. There is a positive and significant influence between the discipline of work on job satisfaction of employees of PT. Tripatra Engineering Yogyakarta, with a significance level of 5%. There is a positive and significant influence between work motivation on employee job satisfaction PT. Tripatra Engineering Yogyakarta, with a significance level of 5%. There is a positive and significant influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction of employee PT. Tripatra Engineering Yogyakarta, with a significance level of 5%. The most dominant factor influencing job satisfaction is the organization's culture. There is a simultaneous influence of labor discipline, motivation and organizational culture on job satisfaction, with a significance level of 5%. Job satisfaction is affected variable work discipline, motivation and organizational culture amounted to 70.1%, while the remaining 29.9% influenced by other factors.   Keywords: Work Discipline, Work Motivation, Organizational Culture and Job Satisfactio

Anti-inflammatory Activityy Of Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav. Leaves Metanolic Extract In Rats

Inflammation is a natural respon for tissue damage. To reduce inflammation, people used a NSAID (Non Steroid Antiinflammatory Drugs). This agent caused many side effects. One of medicinal plant empirically used for traditional medicine is Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav. This plant is potential to be developed as medicine for anti-inflammatory because its contains flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and alkaloid. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the P.Crocatum extract using carrageenan-induced rat oedema test. For the anti-inflammatory activity measurement, five different groups were established and piper extract was administered in three different doses : 25, 50 and 100 mg/kgBW. Acetosal was used as a reference agent. It was found that reduction in the flammation was 77.58% for acetosal, 72.37% for 25 mg/kg extract, 85.60% for 50mg/kg, and 81.02% mg/kg for 100mg/kg extract. Extract of P. Crocatum at 50 mg/kg showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among the doses used. The results showed that P. Crocatum extract posseses promising anti-inflammatory effect

Introductory students’ attitudes and approaches to physics problem solving: major, achievement level and gender differences

Students’ attitudes and approaches to problem solving are claimed to be related to their ways they learn physics and to their success in solving physics problems. In this study, the Attitudes and Approaches to Problem Solving (AAPS) survey was used to reveal Turkish introductory university students’ attitudes and approaches to physics problem solving. The data were collected from 175 students, in the spring semester of 2015-2016 academic year, from an introductory physics course at a university in the Black See Region of Turkey. The analysis of the data was conducted by grouping the data by major, achievement level, and gender. They were no statistically significant differences between the averages of civil engineering and molecular biology majors, and between male and female students. However, we obtained a small sample correlation between students’ attitudes and exam grades that suggests high achievers’ attitudes and approaches to physics problems are more expert-like than the attitudes and approaches of low achievers. Implications for problem solving strategies and directions for further research are discussedPeer Reviewe

Karakteristik Fisik Kue Kembang Goyang dengan Substitusi Jewawut (Setaria italica L. P. Beauv.) dan Variasi Konsentrasi Santan

“Kue kembang goyang†is a popular Indonesian traditional food made from rice flour. Millet flour with an amylose content equal to rice flour can be substituted for rice flour in the “kue kembang goyang†formulation. The research aimed to determine the amylose content of 3 varieties of foxtail millet flour (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) and to determine the best formula of “kue kembang goyang†in several ratios of foxtail millet flour:rice flour-based on crunchiness and oil absorption. The research was divided into two phases. Phase I, involved determining the amylose content of the three varieties of foxtail millet flour (erecta, compacta, glabra) and stage II involved determining the physical characteristics of “kue kembang goyang†in the ratio of foxtail millet flour:rice flour (0: 100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20) and concentration of coconut milk (20%, 30%, 40%). The result of phase I showed that the highest amylose content was found in foxtail millet flour of erecta variety (37.91 ± 0.51%). The phase II result showed that the ratio of foxtail millet flour:rice flour affected the texture and absorption of oil of “kue kembang goyangâ€. The higher the ratio of foxtail millet flour, the lower the count peaks, toughness, oil absorption, but the higher fracturability of “kue kembang goyangâ€. Increasing the concentration of coconut milk can increase count peaks, toughness, fracturability, and an oil absorption of “kue kembang goyangâ€. The best formula of “kue kembang goyang†was obtained in the ratio of foxtail millet flour:rice flour 60:40 and 30 % of coconut milk-based on the highest crunchiness and oil absorption resembled the control. Keywords: Coconut milk; foxtail millet; “kue kembang goyangâ€; physical characteristics   ABSTRAK Kue kembang goyang merupakan kue tradisional Indonesia yang popular dan terbuat dari tepung beras. Tepung beras dalam formula kue kembang goyang dapat diganti tepung jewawut yang memiliki kadar amilosa menyamai tepung beras. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan kadar amilosa tiga varietas tepung jewawut (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) dan menentukan formula terbaik kue kembang goyang pada beberapa rasio tepung jewawut:tepung beras berdasarkan kerenyahan dan absorpsi minyak. Penelitian dibagi menjadi tahap I yaitu menentukan kadar amilosa ke-3 varietas jewawut (erecta, compacta, glabra) dan tahap II yaitu menentukan karakteristik fisik kue kembang goyang pada rasio tepung jewawut:tepung beras (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20) dan konsentrasi santan (20, 30, 40%). Hasil penelitian tahap I menunjukkan kadar amilosa tertinggi pada tepung jewawut varietas erecta (37,91 ± 0,51%). Hasil penelitian tahap II menunjukkan rasio tepung jewawut:tepung beras berpengaruh terhadap tekstur dan absorpsi minyak kue kembang goyang. Semakin tinggi rasio tepung jewawut dapat menurunkan count peaks, toughness, absorpsi minyak, namun meningkatkan daya patah kue kembang goyang. Peningkatan konsentrasi santan dapat meningkatkan count peaks, toughness, daya patah, dan absorpsi minyak kue kembang goyang. Formula terbaik kue kembang goyang diperoleh pada rasio tepung jewawut:tepung beras 60:40 dan konsentrasi santan 30% berdasarkan kerenyahan tertinggi dan absorpsi minyak yang menyerupai kontrol. Kata kunci: Karakteristik fisik; kue kembang goyang; jewawut; santa

Solution of Massless Spin One Wave Equation in Robertson-Walker Space-time

We generalize the quantum spinor wave equation for photon into the curved space-time and discuss the solutions of this equation in Robertson-Walker space-time and compare them with the solution of the Maxwell equations in the same space-time.Comment: 16 Pages, Latex, no figures, An expanded version of paper published in International Journal of Modern Physics A, 17 (2002) 113

Strategi Adaptasi Pengrajin Tenun Siak di Kabupaten Siak

This research was in the Kabupaten Siak Provinsi Riau. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of the life of craftsmen Weaving Tenun Siak in Kabupaten Siak. The research titled “Adaptation Strategies Craftsmen Tenun Siak in Kabupaten Siak”. Topics focus of this research is how adaptation strategies craftsmen Tenun Siak in Kabupaten Siak. This research subject craftsmen tenun siak in Kabupaten Siak and the leadership of the foundation that will be a source of information and research object. Samples were craftsmen tenun siak amounted to 9 workers who are in Kabupaten Siak and the leadership of the foundation. he author uses qualitative descriptive method and the data were analyzed qualitatively. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. Instruments of data are observation, questionnaires and documentation. The results showed that the workers tenun siak: a few strategies to meet the needs of households, namely: Biological Investment Strategies, Strategy successively , Educational Strategy, Investment Strategy Economics. Of all the craftsmen Tenun Siak, work as a weaver is the main worker but not a second job to help the family economy. Before becoming Weaving craftsmen Tenun Siak, all the craftsmen Tenun Siak training how to produce woven fabrics Tenun Siak follow organized by the government Dewan Kesenian Nasional Daerah (DEKRANASDA) Kabupaten Siak and partly trained work place