Social education of students in the conditions of electronic learning

The purpose of the article is to analyze the essence of the process of social education in the process of transforming the ideas of elegiac. Methodology: the article presents analysis of social education at the university. An electronic survey among students made it possible to identify significant elements for social interaction and the student's realization as a qualified specialist in cyberspace. Results: the article reveals the socializing potential of constructive use of electronic, remote, information and communication technologies. Organization of social education process in the context of e-learning contributes to training of specialists who are ready to implement effective interaction in order to achieve personal and professional results

Analytical Approach to the Selection of Research Topics for Gallstone Disease and Acute Cholecystitis (an Overview of Cochrane Reviews)

Aim: description of modern methods of statistical evaluation of the world evidence base to determine the direction of promising scientific research in diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.Materials and methods. The umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the Cochrane Library has been conducted, identifying topics for which further evidence-based research is needed. The information obtained by the Cochrane expert panels through Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA), Diversity-Adjusted Required Information Size (DARIS) calculations, and Z-curve monitoring on benefit, harm, or futility boundary plots is systematized.Results. There were established multidirectional trends and significantly different levels of achievement of evidence-based results. These should be taken into account when determining the prospect of further evidence-based studies. In the context of bile duct injury between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy, number of complications between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy, small-incision cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, single-port and standard four-ports cholecystectomy and low-pressure laparoscopy the required size of meta-analysis information is unlikely to be achieved — in current versions of Cochrane library DARIS is less than 1 % of required. The same applies to mortality, the probability of developing serious complications and the conversion rate of various minimally invasive procedures, as the required sample sizes (hundreds of thousands of observations) are difficult to achieve — currently range is from 0.03 to 21.9 %. On the contrary, the achieved values from the estimated DARIS in establishing the differences in the duration between minimally invasive surgery options (21.2 to 76 %), in some issues of pain management in the immediate postoperative period (43.6 to 92.6 %) and additional intraoperative anesthesia (13.7 to 14.9 %) and Z-curve monitoring give hope for their achievement in the foreseeable future. There is little prospect of continuing evidence-based studies to determine the need for intraperitoneal anesthetic instillation, differences in the duration of hospitalization after various minimally invasive surgeries, since new information is unlikely to change the conclusions of meta-analyses (the required information size has been achieved by 100 %).Conclusion. It is necessary to take into account the results of a TSA analysis of Cochrane expert groups, when choosing research topics in patients with gallstone disease and acute cholecystitis

Spatio-temporal dynamics of quantum-well excitons

We investigate the lateral transport of excitons in ZnSe quantum wells by using time-resolved micro-photoluminescence enhanced by the introduction of a solid immersion lens. The spatial and temporal resolutions are 200 nm and 5 ps, respectively. Strong deviation from classical diffusion is observed up to 400 ps. This feature is attributed to the hot-exciton effects, consistent with previous experiments under cw excitation. The coupled transport-relaxation process of hot excitons is modelled by Monte Carlo simulation. We prove that two basic assumptions typically accepted in photoluminescence investigations on excitonic transport, namely (i) the classical diffusion model as well as (ii) the equivalence between the temporal and spatial evolution of the exciton population and of the measured photoluminescence, are not valid for low-temperature experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Identification of the barrier to gene flow between phylogeographic lineages of the common hamster Cricetus cricetus

In anthropogenically disturbed habitats, natural barriers still exist and have to be recognized, as they are important for conservation measures. Areas of phylogeographic breaks within a species are often stabilized in inhospitable regions which act as natural barriers. An area of contact between phylogeographic lineages of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) was found in the Małopolska Upland in Poland. A total of 142 common hamsters were captured between 2005 and 2009. All hamsters were genotyped at 17 microsatellite loci and partial sequences of the mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region were obtained. No mixed populations with mtDNA haplotypes of both lineages were found. The distance between marginal populations was about 20 km; no hamsters were found in the area between. A principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on microsatellite data and the greatest change in PC1 scores was found between marginal samples. To define the habitat components responsible for the phylogeographic break, we compared the habitat composition of sites occupied by hamsters with those from which hamsters were absent. We found that hamsters avoided forested areas and sandy soils. The area of the potential barrier was characterized by a high proportion of woodland and unfavorable soils in comparison with neighboring areas inhabited by hamsters. They cannot settle in this area due to their high winter mortality in shallow burrows and high predation in the fields adjacent to forests

Optical Microscopy in the Nano-World

Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is an optical microscopy whose resolution is not bound to the diffraction limit. It provides chemical information based upon spectral, polarization and/or fluorescence contrast images. Details as small as 20 nm can be recognized. Photophysical and photochemical effects can be studied with SNOM on a similar scale. This article reviews a good deal of the experimental and theoretical work on SNOM in Switzerland

A machine learning approach for feature selection traffic classification using security analysis

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Class imbalance has become a big problem that leads to inaccurate traffic classification. Accurate traffic classification of traffic flows helps us in security monitoring, IP management, intrusion detection, etc. To address the traffic classification problem, in literature, machine learning (ML) approaches are widely used. Therefore, in this paper, we also proposed an ML-based hybrid feature selection algorithm named WMI_AUC that make use of two metrics: weighted mutual information (WMI) metric and area under ROC curve (AUC). These metrics select effective features from a traffic flow. However, in order to select robust features from the selected features, we proposed robust features selection algorithm. The proposed approach increases the accuracy of ML classifiers and helps in detecting malicious traffic. We evaluate our work using 11 well-known ML classifiers on the different network environment traces datasets. Experimental results showed that our algorithms achieve more than 95% flow accuracy results

Optical microscopy in the nano-world

Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is an optical microscopy whose resolution is not bound to the diffraction limit. It provides chemical information based upon spectral, polarization and/or fluorescence contrast images. Details as small as 20 nm can be recognized. Photophysical and photochemical effects can be studied with SNOM on a similar scale. This article reviews a good deal of the experimental and theoretical work on SNOM in Switzerland

Computational Treatment of Metalloproteins

Metalloproteins present a considerable challenge for modeling, especially when the starting point is far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Examples include formidable problems such as metalloprotein folding and structure prediction upon metal addition, removal, or even just replacement; metalloenzyme design, where stabilization of a transition state of the catalyzed reaction in the specific binding pocket around the metal needs to be achieved; docking to metal-containing sites and design of metalloenzyme inhibitors. Even more conservative computations, such as elucidations of the mechanisms and energetics of the reaction catalyzed by natural metalloenzymes, are often nontrivial. The reason is the vast span of time and length scales over which these proteins operate, and thus the resultant difficulties in estimating their energies and free energies. It is required to perform extensive sampling, properly treat the electronic structure of the bound metal or metals, and seamlessly merge the required techniques to assess energies and entropies, or their changes, for the entire system. Additionally, the machinery needs to be computationally affordable. Although a great advancement has been made over the years, including some of the seminal works resulting in the 2013 Nobel Prize in chemistry, many aforementioned exciting applications remain far from reach. We review the methodology on the forefront of the field, including several promising methods developed in our lab that bring us closer to the desired modern goals. We further highlight their performance by a few examples of applications