3,285 research outputs found
ANL/RBC: A computer code for the analysis of Rankine bottoming cycles, including system cost evaluation and off-design performance
This report describes, and is a User's Manual for, a computer code (ANL/RBC) which calculates cycle performance for Rankine bottoming cycles extracting heat from a specified source gas stream. The code calculates cycle power and efficiency and the sizes for the heat exchangers, using tabular input of the properties of the cycle working fluid. An option is provided to calculate the costs of system components from user defined input cost functions. These cost functions may be defined in equation form or by numerical tabular data. A variety of functional forms have been included for these functions and they may be combined to create very general cost functions. An optional calculation mode can be used to determine the off-design performance of a system when operated away from the design-point, using the heat exchanger areas calculated for the design-point
Low cost solar cell arrays
Limitations in both space and terrestial markets for solar cells are described. Based on knowledge of the state-of-the-art, six cell options are discussed; as a result of this discussion, the three most promising options (involving high, medium and low efficiency cells respectively) were selected and analyzed for their probable costs. The results showed that all three cell options gave promise of costs below $10 per watt in the near future. Before further cost reductions can be achieved, more R and D work is required; suggestions for suitable programs are given
Effects of Workshop Training on Practice Element Utilization among Therapists in a Youth Public Mental Health System.
M.A. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2017
An expression for stationary distribution in nonequilibrium steady state
We study the nonequilibrium steady state realized in a general stochastic
system attached to multiple heat baths and/or driven by an external force.
Starting from the detailed fluctuation theorem we derive concise and suggestive
expressions for the corresponding stationary distribution which are correct up
to the second order in thermodynamic forces. The probability of a microstate
is proportional to where
is the excess entropy change.
Here is the difference between two kinds of conditioned
path ensemble averages of excess heat transfer from the -th heat bath whose
inverse temperature is . Our expression may be verified experimentally
in nonequilibrium states realized, for example, in mesoscopic systems.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
The Steady State Distribution of the Master Equation
The steady states of the master equation are investigated. We give two
expressions for the steady state distribution of the master equation a la the
Zubarev-McLennan steady state distribution, i.e., the exact expression and an
expression near equilibrium. The latter expression obtained is consistent with
recent attempt of constructing steady state theormodynamics.Comment: 6 pages, No figures. A mistake was correcte
Historical Ecology as a Research Program
Modern evolutionary biology is the descendant of two theories proposed by Darwin. First, all organisms are connected by common genealogy, and second, the form and function of organisms is closely tied to the environments in which they live. Of these two theories, the role of the first (phylogeny) in evolutionary explanations has been diminishing in some fields, most notably in ecology and ethology. However, the last ten years have witnessed the beginning of a reversal in this trend. With increasing frequency, ecologists (Wanntorp et aI., 1990; Maurer and Brooks, submitted), ethologists (Dobson, 1985; Huey and Bennett, 1987; Mclennan et aI., 1988), functional morphologists (Lauder, 1982), and other evolutionary biologists (Ridley, 1983; Clutton-Brock and Harvey, 1984; Endler and McLellan, 1988) are accepting the proposition that some innovations that arose in the past have been integrated into the phenotype and function today as constraints on the evolution of other characters
Historical Ecology as a Research Program
Modern evolutionary biology is the descendant of two theories proposed by Darwin. First, all organisms are connected by common genealogy, and second, the form and function of organisms is closely tied to the environments in which they live. Of these two theories, the role of the first (phylogeny) in evolutionary explanations has been diminishing in some fields, most notably in ecology and ethology. However, the last ten years have witnessed the beginning of a reversal in this trend. With increasing frequency, ecologists (Wanntorp et aI., 1990; Maurer and Brooks, submitted), ethologists (Dobson, 1985; Huey and Bennett, 1987; Mclennan et aI., 1988), functional morphologists (Lauder, 1982), and other evolutionary biologists (Ridley, 1983; Clutton-Brock and Harvey, 1984; Endler and McLellan, 1988) are accepting the proposition that some innovations that arose in the past have been integrated into the phenotype and function today as constraints on the evolution of other characters
Examining the Time Course of Indexical Specificity Effects in Spoken Word Recognition
Variability in talker identity and speaking rate, commonly referred to as indexical variation, has demonstrable effects on the speed and accuracy of spoken word recognition. The present study examines the time course of indexical specificity effects to evaluate the hypothesis that such effects occur relatively late in the perceptual processing of spoken words. In 3 long-term repetition priming experiments, the authors examined reaction times to targets that were primed by stimuli that matched or mismatched on the indexical variable of interest (either talker identity or speaking rate). Each experiment was designed to manipulate the speed with which participants processed the stimuli. The results demonstrate that indexical variability affects participants’ perception of spoken words only when processing is relatively slow and effortful
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