The Mass Transfer on the Slag - Liquid Metal Interphases

In the work the results of thermodynamic analysis and laboratory investigations of the formation of slag-metal interphases layer during reducing copper melting conditions have been shown. A considerable intensifying of the reduction processes proves that only refining of the metal is not possible. The extraction of non-metallic inclusions from copper or its alloys leads to formation of many another chemical compounds and inclusions. The results of the slag-copper surface scanning analysis shows, that during the reducing the Al2O3 - B2O3 - Na2O or SiO2 - B2O3 - Na2O slag, effect of silica, aluminium and sodium precipitation may appear.U radu su prikazani rezultati termodinamičke analize laboratorijskog ispitivanja obrazovanja međufaznog sloja troska - metal tijekom uvjeta reduciranja pri taljenju bakra. Značajna pojačanja redukcijskih procesa pokazuje da je moguće ne samo pročišćavanje metala. Izdvajanje nemetalnih uključaka iz bakra ili njegovih slitina vodi do obrazovanja mnogih drugi kemijskih spojeva i uključaka. Rezultati analize skeniranja površine troske - bakar pokazuje da se tijekom reduciranja troske Al2O3 - B2O3 - Na2O ili SiO2 - B2O3 - Na2O može pojaviti efekt nastajanja precipitata silicijske kiseline, aluminija i natrija

Correlates of Caffeinated Energy Drinks, Substance Use, and Behavior Among Adolescents

Background: Caffeinated energy drinks (CCEDs) are frequently consumed by adolescents aged 10-19, yet the effects of consumption on adolescent behavior are not well understood. Previous research has identified positive associations between CCED use and other substances such as alcohol and marijuana but studies among adolescents are lacking. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using data collected from the 2019 Alcohol, Drug Addition, and Mental Health Services (ADAMHS) Board/Wood County Educational Service Center’s youth survey. Ten public schools in Wood County, Ohio participated (n=6,152). Results: CCED use was common among our sample (43.4% overall). Reported consumption increased with age and was positively associated with alcohol use and cough medicine use. Furthermore, CCED use was associated with three behavioral outcome categories: anger, delinquency, and negative mental health outcomes. Conclusion: Due to the ubiquity of use and associated substance use and behavioral outcomes, CCED use among youth requires more attention

The influence of selected factors on the strenght of wood adhesive joints

This paper examines the effect of selected factors on the wood bonded joint strength. The structural factor under scrutiny was the geometry of the surface area; however, other major dimensions of adherends were compared as well. The tests were per-formed on 6 joint types: butt, v-shaped, interlocking, scarf, tongue & groove, and single lap joints, which were formed on two types of substrate materials – pine and oak wood, and adhesively bonded. The joints were bonded with Prefere 6312 wood adhesive and Loctite 3430 two-component epoxy adhesive. Strength testing of the joints was performed on Zwick/Roell Z150 material testing machine, according to DIN EN 1465 standard. The results obtained from the tests indicate that bonded joints of oak wood exhibit higher strength properties than those of pine wood adherends, which was confirmed in nearly all strength tests

The Impact of State Mandated Healthcare-Associated Infection Reporting on Infection Prevention and Control Departments in Acute Care Hospitals: Results from a National Survey

Background: In addition to federally mandated reporting, most US states have adopted legislation requiring hospitals to submit healthcare-associated infection (HAI) data. Evidence that state HAI laws have increased patient safety and reduced HAI rates is inconsistent, however, and resources needed to comply are considerable. We evaluated the impact of state HAI laws on infection prevention and control departments (IPCD). Methods: Web-based survey of a national sample of hospital IPCD was conducted in Fall 2011; all non-VA hospitals enrolled in the National Healthcare Safety Network were eligible to participate. States with HAI laws effective prior to Fall 2011 were identified using systematic legal review. Variations in IPCD resources and characteristics in states with and without laws were compared using χ2or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify increases or decreases, vs no change, in resources and characteristics. Results: 1,038 IPCD provided complete data (30% response rate); 756 (73%) were located in states with laws. When asked how mandatory reporting affected their IPCD, more respondents in states with laws reported differences in resources (42% vs 33%, p \u3c 0.01), time for routine activities other than for mandatory reporting (79% vs 71%, p \u3c 0.01), influence in hospital decision making (55% vs 48%, p \u3c 0.05), and visibility of their department (75% vs 65%, p \u3c 0.001); they also spent more hours per week fulfilling mandatory reporting requirements (17 vs 13, p \u3c 0.0001). Based on regression analysis, respondents in states with laws were more likely to report increased resources (p = 0.02) and influence (p = 0.04) and decreased time for routine activities (p \u3c 0.01). Perception of visibility in the hospital was mixed with reports of both increased (p \u3c 0.001) and decreased (p = 0.01) visibility vs the same. Conclusion: Respondents in states with laws reported a significantly higher burden to their IPCD, beyond what was required by federally mandated HAI reporting alone. However, they also reported receiving increased resources to offset demands on time for routine activities and fulfilling reporting requirements. Further research is needed to investigate resources necessary to comply with state HAI laws, and to evaluate their unintended consequences

The Mass Transfer on the Slag - Liquid Metal Interphases

In the work the results of thermodynamic analysis and laboratory investigations of the formation of slag-metal interphases layer during reducing copper melting conditions have been shown. A considerable intensifying of the reduction processes proves that only refining of the metal is not possible. The extraction of non-metallic inclusions from copper or its alloys leads to formation of many another chemical compounds and inclusions. The results of the slag-copper surface scanning analysis shows, that during the reducing the Al2O3 - B2O3 - Na2O or SiO2 - B2O3 - Na2O slag, effect of silica, aluminium and sodium precipitation may appear.U radu su prikazani rezultati termodinamičke analize laboratorijskog ispitivanja obrazovanja međufaznog sloja troska - metal tijekom uvjeta reduciranja pri taljenju bakra. Značajna pojačanja redukcijskih procesa pokazuje da je moguće ne samo pročišćavanje metala. Izdvajanje nemetalnih uključaka iz bakra ili njegovih slitina vodi do obrazovanja mnogih drugi kemijskih spojeva i uključaka. Rezultati analize skeniranja površine troske - bakar pokazuje da se tijekom reduciranja troske Al2O3 - B2O3 - Na2O ili SiO2 - B2O3 - Na2O može pojaviti efekt nastajanja precipitata silicijske kiseline, aluminija i natrija

Disseminated cryptococcosis with brain involvement in patients with chronic lymphoid malignancies on ibrutinib

Abstract We report 2 cases of disseminated cryptococcosis with central nervous system involvement in patients with chronic lymphoid malignancies occurring within 1 month of starting on ibrutinib. Characteristically, in both cases, no inflammation was seen in the cerebrospinal fluid. Central nervous system mycoses should be considered as a potential complication of ibrutinib.</jats:p

Social structure of coal tits Periparus ater in temperate deciduous forest

Analysis of the impacts of social structure on the behaviour and life history of birds is a rapidly developing area of ornithology. Such studies commonly focus on the Paridae (tits and chickadees) as a model group, but detailed assessment of the basic social structure is lacking for many parids, particularly in the non-breeding season. Such baseline information is essential for understanding the organisation of bird populations, including associations between individuals within social and spatial networks. We assessed the non-breeding (autumn-winter) and spring (i.e. breeding season) social structure of Coal Tits Periparus ater in broadleaved forest in southern Britain. Coal Tits were found to be resident and sedentary in this habitat, with birds remaining close to their spring territories during the non-breeding season and associating in small groups averaging 3-4 individuals. Associations were variable, however, with no evidence of stable flock membership, group territoriality or strong pair bonds during autumn-winter. The non-breeding social structure did not change between years of high and low population density, being most similar to a 'basic flock' organisation. This differed from that expected of a food-hoarding parid and contradicted some earlier classifications, highlighting the potential plasticity of social behaviour between bird populations. Such variation can inform the understanding of the evolution of avian social structures and associated behavioural traits, such as food hoarding, and aid the interpretation of intraand inter-specific differences in behaviour

State law mandates for reporting of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infections in hospitals.

US state and territorial laws were reviewed to identify Clostridium difficile infection reporting mandates. Twenty states require reporting either under state law or by incorporating federal Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services\u27 reporting requirements. Although state law mandates are more common, the incorporation of federal reporting requirements has been increasing

Factors Impacting COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance Among College Students in Northwest Ohio

Background: Vaccination is a critical strategy for controlling the transmission of COVID-19 and for returning to normalcy on college campuses; however, vaccine hesitancy and resistance persist as a significant barrier. This study utilized the integrated behavior model (IBM) and the precaution adoption process model (PAPM) to identify factors predictive of COVID-19 vaccine willingness (receptive, hesitant, and resistant) among college students. Methods: A sample of 1248 students at 2 universities in northwest Ohio were surveyed online in 2021. Stata/SE, version 17 (StataCorp) software was used to conduct stepwise logistic regression to investigate the association of theoretical constructs with vaccine willingness, after controlling for COVID-19 related factors and sociodemographic factors. Results: Most students (82.5%) were vaccine receptive, 6.9% were vaccine hesitant, and 10.6% were vaccine resistant. Vaccine hesitancy was higher among students aged 18 to 22 years (9.3%), undergraduates (16.5%), and students who identified as Black (13%) or Middle Eastern (14.3%). Lower vaccine hesitance was significantly predicted by IBM constructs of positive attitudes, high self-efficacy, and high salience. Not getting an influenza vaccine in the past 3 years and viewing vaccination as a personal choice were significantly associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. Lower odds of vaccine resistance were predicted by higher subjective norms. Descriptive norms, not getting an influenza vaccine in the past 3 years, agreeing with conspiracies, and viewing vaccination as a personal choice were strongly predictive of higher vaccine resistance. Conclusion: Identifying the factors that predict vaccine hesitancy and resistance among college students is critical for college administrators, and for those who are designing health communication campaigns, to increase vaccination among this priority population