A General Precipitation-Limited L_X-T-R Relation Among Early-Type Galaxies

The relation between X-ray luminosity (L_X) and ambient gas temperature (T) among massive galactic systems is an important cornerstone of both observational cosmology and galaxy-evolution modeling. In the most massive galaxy clusters, the relation is determined primarily by cosmological structure formation. In less massive systems, it primarily reflects the feedback response to radiative cooling of circumgalactic gas. Here we present a simple but powerful model for the L_X-T relation as a function of physical aperture R within which those measurements are made. The model is based on the precipitation framework for AGN feedback and assumes that the circumgalactic medium is precipitation-regulated at small radii and limited by cosmological structure formation at large radii. We compare this model with many different data sets and show that it successfully reproduces the slope and upper envelope of the L_X-T-R relation over the temperature range from ~0.2 keV through >10 keV. Our findings strongly suggest that the feedback mechanisms responsible for regulating star formation in individual massive galaxies have much in common with the precipitation-triggered feedback that appears to regulate galaxy-cluster cores.Comment: Submitted to ApJ, 9 pages, 3 figures (v2 fixes a few small typos

FABRICATION OF NOVEL ANTICANCER POLYOXOMETALATE [CoW11O39(CpTi)]7- -CHITOSAN NANO-COMPOSITE, ITS TOXICITY REDUCTION AND SUSTAINED RELEASE

Objectives: Polyoxometalates (POMs) are proved to be important for applications in medicine and in material science. Here, we representnanocomposite formation of tungsten-containing potent anticancer polyanion, K 6 H [CoW 11 O 39  (CpTi)].13H 2 O (CoW CpTi) with biocompatible ChitosanYC-100 (CSYC100) with the goal to reduce its heavy metal toxicity.Methods: Synthesis of POM-CSYC100 nanocomposite†was attained without the aid of any cross-linker through electrostatic interaction technique. Nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The release profile recorded was slow and sustained at physiological pH. In vitro cytotoxicity assays which show an attribute to reduce the toxicity of these POM were performed on C2C12 (mouse myoblast cell line) and A-549 (lung cancer cell line), which proved the reduced toxicity of nanocomposites as compared to the bare drugs.Results: Sustained release studies showed there was a slow and steady release of CoW CpTi for 11 hrs, with the 98% of collective release at the end. From in vitro cytotoxic assay, it was deduced that CoW 11 11 CpTi -CSYC100 nanocomposite at the concentrations of 1.25 mM, and lower did not exhibit toxic effect on C2C12 cells as 95% total C2C12 cell mass remained viable. While in the case of A549 cells highest 5 mM concentration of bare CoW 11 CpTi is toxic to the cancer cells and after encapsulation cell viability increases from 10% to 55%.Conclusion: Thus, this study has designated the probability of using POM-chitosan nanocomposite for less toxic and effective biomedicinal applications.Keywords: Anticancer, Chitosan, Nanocomposite, In vitro cytotoxicity, Drug release

Writing Grid Scripts in CGT

No abstract availabl

Advances in Distance-Based Hole Cuts on Overset Grids

An automatic and efficient method to determine appropriate hole cuts based on distances to the wall and donor stencil maps for overset grids is presented. A new robust procedure is developed to create a closed surface triangulation representation of each geometric component for accurate determination of the minimum hole. Hole boundaries are then displaced away from the tight grid-spacing regions near solid walls to allow grid overlap to occur away from the walls where cell sizes from neighboring grids are more comparable. The placement of hole boundaries is efficiently determined using a mid-distance rule and Cartesian maps of potential valid donor stencils with minimal user input. Application of this procedure typically results in a spatially-variable offset of the hole boundaries from the minimum hole with only a small number of orphan points remaining. Test cases on complex configurations are presented to demonstrate the new scheme

Chimera Grid Tools Tutorial

No abstract availabl

A Chimera Grid Tools Tutorial

See attached presentation and ARC31

Abnormal wave reflections and left ventricular hypertrophy late after coarctation of the aorta repair

Patients with repaired coarctation of the aorta are thought to have increased afterload due to abnormalities in vessel structure and function. We have developed a novel cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol that allows assessment of central hemodynamics, including central aortic systolic blood pressure, resistance, total arterial compliance, pulse wave velocity, and wave reflections. The main study aims were to (1) characterize group differences in central aortic systolic blood pressure and peripheral systolic blood pressure, (2) comprehensively evaluate afterload (including wave reflections) in the 2 groups, and (3) identify possible biomarkers among covariates associated with elevated left ventricular mass (LVM). Fifty adult patients with repaired coarctation and 25 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Ascending aorta area and flow waveforms were obtained using a high temporal-resolution spiral phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow sequence. These data were used to derive central hemodynamics and to perform wave intensity analysis noninvasively. Covariates associated with LVM were assessed using multivariable linear regression analysis. There were no significant group differences (P≥0.1) in brachial systolic, mean, or diastolic BP. However central aortic systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (113 versus 107 mm Hg, P=0.002). Patients had reduced total arterial compliance, increased pulse wave velocity, and larger backward compression waves compared with controls. LVM index was significantly higher in patients than controls (72 versus 59 g/m(2), P<0.0005). The magnitude of the backward compression waves was independently associated with variation in LVM (P=0.01). Using a novel, noninvasive hemodynamic assessment, we have shown abnormal conduit vessel function after coarctation of the aorta repair, including abnormal wave reflections that are associated with elevated LVM

Advances in Domain Connectivity for Overset Grids Using the X-Rays Approach

Advances in automation and robustness of the X-rays approach to domain connectivity for overset grids are presented. Given the surface definition for each component that makes up a complex configuration, the determination of hole points with appropriate hole boundaries is automatically and efficiently performed. Improvements made to the original X-rays approach for identifying the minimum hole include an automated closure scheme for hole-cutters with open boundaries, automatic determination of grid points to be considered for blanking by each hole-cutter, and an adaptive X-ray map to economically handle components in close proximity. Furthermore, an automated spatially varying offset of the hole boundary from the minimum hole is achieved using a dual wall-distance function and an orphan point removal iteration process. Results using the new scheme are presented for a number of static and relative motion test cases on a variety of aerospace applications

A Tutorial for Using the CGT Script Library to Generate and Assemble Overset Meshes

The purpose of this document is to introduce a new user to the procedures for overset CFD analysis by building scripts based on the CGT Script Library. Parameterized inputs are built into the steps of the process which include creation and manipulation of geometry, and surface and volume meshing. In preparation for performing computations in the flow solver, further steps are constructed for specification of inputs for domain connectivity, flow solver boundary conditions, and components for computation of aerodynamic forces/moments. The JCLV rocket will be used as an example geometry for this demonstration

Cataract How Important Is Age of Intervention?

Purpose: To study effect of age of intervention on visual outcome following treatment of pediatric patients with cataract. Setting: Tertiary eye care centre in Dahod at the trijunction of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan states in central western India. Participants: 705 eyes of 1047 patients Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. We studied a consecutive series of pediatric patients with congenital, developing, or COMPLICATED cataracts who underwent surgery between January, 1999 and April, 2012 at our center. Patient demographics, cataract type, presenting symptoms, surgical intervention, postoperative visual acuity, and follow-up refractive changes were recorded. Primary Outcome measures: vision. Results: In total, 1305 eyes of 1047 children were included: unilateral cataracts were present in 786 (60.2%) eyes. There were 600 (46.7%) traumatic and 705 (53.3%) non-traumatic cases. Ages at surgery ranged from 1 to 215 months. Eyes were grouped by the age of surgical intervention performed: Group 1,</= 5 years including 177 (25.1%) eyes, and Group 2, >5 years, including 528 (74.9%) eyes either by anterior or pars plana route ± IOL placement. The mean follow-up time was 117 days. Ultimately, 128 (18.2%) Group 1 and 213 (30.2%) Group 2 patients achieved a visual acuity better than 20/80 (P < 0.001). Age at intervention was significantly related (all P < 0.001) to visual outcome. Conclusions: Age of intervention affects visual outcome significantly (p<0.001)