Badhyata and dukha: emotions, labour and migration across education migration to Australia and labour migration to Qatar from Nepal

Badhyata (compulsion) and dukha (hardship) are central emotional frames that drive and characterise the migration of both education migrants and labour migrants from Nepal. Migration from Nepal, therefore, entails a compulsion, and the migration experience is often one of dukha. Taking the case of education migration to Australia and labour migration to Qatar from Nepal, this article examines how diverse migration conditions differently shape and influence the migrants’ subjective experiences as well as that of their families. Drawing on data from a multi-sited ethnographic study conducted among Nepali education migrants in Sydney, labour migrants in Qatar, and their families in Nepal, the analysis centres around emotions attached to work/labour and migration and how it is experienced, not only by the migrants but also by the families in Nepal. In doing so, this article argues that while compulsion initially drives both types of migration, because of the difference in migration conditions and the emotions attached to future possibilities, the qualities of compulsion across the two migration pathways vary significantly, and differently structure the understanding of dukha

Permanent Imaginaries of Return and Fluid Realities: On Return Aspirations and Ambivalence among Nepali and Chinese Migrants in Australia

Extending the line of analysis on migrants’ desires and aspirations to return, this article examines the meanings and emotions attached to the question of return in the context of two migrant groups from Nepal and China in Australia. While studies have delved into aspects of return associated with reintegration into the labour market, adjustment upon return, or social remittances, here we examine return as an embedded migration experience rather than actual physical return. We draw on the cultural understanding of family, mainly the notions of Luoyeguigeng and filial piety to examine the common imaginaries of return among both migrant groups and situate our analysis within the ‘fluidity of return’ framework to show how return is continually postponed or how return might not materialise. We argue that despite the permanent imaginaries of return, shaped by similar cultural ideas of family, return remains fluid in reality, complicated by multiple factors attached to home and host country, including the levels of opportunities afforded by the home countries as well as the opportunities for careers, family and partnership/relationships in Australia. The data presented here draws on two qualitative studies conducted among Nepali education migrants and Chinese professional women migrants in Australia

Predicting volume of distribution with decision tree-based regression methods using predicted tissue:plasma partition coefficients

Background: Volume of distribution is an important pharmacokinetic property that indicates the extent of a drug's distribution in the body tissues. This paper addresses the problem of how to estimate the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) of chemical compounds in the human body using decision tree-based regression methods from the area of data mining (or machine learning). Hence, the pros and cons of several different types of decision tree-based regression methods have been discussed. The regression methods predict Vss using, as predictive features, both the compounds' molecular descriptors and the compounds' tissue:plasma partition coefficients (Kt:p) - often used in physiologically-based pharmacokinetics. Therefore, this work has assessed whether the data mining-based prediction of Vss can be made more accurate by using as input not only the compounds' molecular descriptors but also (a subset of) their predicted Kt:p values. Results: Comparison of the models that used only molecular descriptors, in particular, the Bagging decision tree (mean fold error of 2.33), with those employing predicted Kt:p values in addition to the molecular descriptors, such as the Bagging decision tree using adipose Kt:p (mean fold error of 2.29), indicated that the use of predicted Kt:p values as descriptors may be beneficial for accurate prediction of Vss using decision trees if prior feature selection is applied. Conclusions: Decision tree based models presented in this work have an accuracy that is reasonable and similar to the accuracy of reported Vss inter-species extrapolations in the literature. The estimation of Vss for new compounds in drug discovery will benefit from methods that are able to integrate large and varied sources of data and flexible non-linear data mining methods such as decision trees, which can produce interpretable models. Figure not available: see fulltext. © 2015 Freitas et al.; licensee Springer

What influences consumers’ online medication purchase intentions and behavior? A scoping review

Objective: Consumers increasingly buy pharmaceuticals online. No scoping review has been carried out to summarize and synthesize the studies that have identified drivers of consumers’ purchase intention and behavior from online pharmacies. Thus, we conducted a scoping review to explore the extent to which prior research has studied consumer purchase intentions and behavior related to online pharmacies, the drivers previously identified to explain consumers’ online pharmacy purchase intentions and behavior, and how these antecedents differ between OTC and prescription medications. Then, we identified gaps in the published literature to form a comprehensive theory-based agenda for future research.Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to retrieve relevant studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals. The search strategy identified forty-eight eligible studies.Results: We identified twelve types of factors influencing purchase intentions and behaviors from online pharmacies: demographics, convenience, availability, price, evaluations of the purchase environment, information sources, internet usage, prior experience, perceived risk, health insurance, privacy, and product. Our analysis also revealed differences between OTC and prescription medications in drivers of purchase intentions and behaviors.Conclusion: While demographic factors tended to be the most often measured influences on intentions and behavior, their role was generally inconsistent, with many contradictory results. However, other factors (e.g., convenience, availability, lower prices, and favorable evaluations toward the purchase environment) more consistently enhanced online medication purchase intentions and behavior. An extensive agenda for future research is advanced

Information-Driven Inverse Approach to Disordered Solids: Applications to Amorphous Silicon

© Physical Review Materials Publisher\u27s Versio

Survei Jentik Nyamuk Anopheles di Desa Maukeli Kecamatan Mauponggo

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the parasitic plasmodium protozoan parasite. This disease is transmitted through female Anopheles sp mosquito bites. Anopheles mosquito breeding sites can be in the form of fresh water or salt water, ponds that are overgrown with aquatic plants or those that do not plant, rice fields, river mouths where the flow is not swift and small pools filled with rainwater. Maukeli Village is a village that has a lot of rice fields. The purpose of this study was to determine the density of Anopheles mosquito larvae at various breeding places in Maukeli Village, Mauponggo District in 2018. This type of research design was a descriptive survey with a population of all Anopheles sp. existing in the breeding places and breeding places of mosquito larvae Anopheles sp. The samples in this study were all Anopheles mosquito larvae from the results of abduction at breeding places in Maukeli Village. Sampling was carried out accidentally (ie Anopheles mosquito larvae which happened to be available or available to be sampled. The results showed that there were 4 breeding places, namely paddy fields with average density of Anopheles mosquito larvae (12 tail/ cut), river mouths with average density of Anopheles mosquito larvae (8 tail/ cud), pools with average density of mosquito larvae Anopheles (3 tail/ cud) and the lagoon with average density of Anopheles mosquito larvae (5 tail/ cud) while permanent breeding sites are river mouths and temporary breeding sites, such as river mouths, pools and lagoon. &nbsp