Observed Surface Breakage due to Strike-Slip Faulting

This paper presents observations from field studies and physical model tests to investigate the response of soil deposits to strike-slip bedrock faulting. The study is relevant to developing mitigation technique against fault-induced damage in structures located near potentially active faults. Observations of ground rupture patterns in alluvial materials following the 1992 Landers earthquake are presented. Particularly important are the observations of significant deformation away from the main trace, the width of the shear zone, and the effects of the surficial geology on the fault expression. Preliminary results from small-scale model tests simulating strike-slip rupture are also presented. The tests results confirm that the width of the shear zone depends primarily on the ductility and height of the soil deposit. These studies provide insight regarding ground deformation patterns in the soil overlying strike-slip faulting

Limitaciones en la producci?n de cacao org?nico en la provincia de Tocache, Regi?n San Martin

El presente trabajo de investigaci?n tiene como objetivo determinar si existe limitaciones socioecon?micas, fitosanitarias y fertilizaci?n; y de certificaci?n org?nica, en la producci?n de cacao org?nico en la provincia de Tocache, Regi?n San Martin. Se presento un dise?o no experimental con un alcance descriptivo, de tipo transversal. La poblaci?n estuvo conformada por un total de 30 productores, que representan 109 hect?reas de cultivo de cacao de la provincia de Tocache. Los resultados revelan que el 56% de los productores de cacao no pertenecen a una asociaci?n y/o cooperativa, que le permita realizar acciones colectivas para acceder a cr?ditos en beneficio de ampliar y mejor sus cultivos, articulaciones comerciales con exportadores o compradores directos, obtener la certificaci?n org?nica de sus cultivos de manera grupal, lo cual hace que se reduzcan los costos de implementaci?n y obtenci?n del certificado. Lo que sugiere la creaci?n de programas que impulsen la creaci?n de organizaciones (Cooperativas, Asociaciones y Comit?s), entre los agricultores de cacao

In vitro fermentation properties of pectins and enzymatic-modified pectins obtained from different renewable bioresources

The suitability of artichoke and sunflower by-products as renewable sources of pectic compounds with prebiotic potential was evaluated by studying their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro. Bacterial populations and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were measured. Reduction of the molecular weight of artichoke pectin resulted in greater stimulation of the growth of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides/Prevotella, whilst this effect was observed only in Bacteroides/Prevotella for sunflower samples. In contrast, the degree of methylation did not have any impact on fermentability properties or SCFA production, regardless of the origin of pectic compounds. Although further in vivo studies should be conducted, either pectin or enzymatically-modified pectin from sunflower and artichoke by-products might be considered as prebiotic candidates for human consumption showing similar ability to promote the in vitro growth of beneficial gut bacteria as compared to well-recognized prebiotics such as inulin or fructo-oligosaccharides

Relevamiento de enemigos naturales en limoneros de Tucumán, Argentina

PosterLos insectos fitófagos tienen numerosos enemigos naturales. El hábito depredador está comúnmente presente entre los insectos y arácnidos.EEA FamailláFil: Lazarte, Osmar A. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Superior de Entomología "Dr. Abraham Willink" (INSUE); ArgentinaFil: Carrizo, Beatriz Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentin

Especies de Coccinélidos en plantaciones de limón con manejo integrado de plagas en Tucumán, Argentina

PosterLa familia Coccinellidae es muy diversa a nivel mundial y está integrada por alrededor de 6,000 especies. Es considerada como uno de los grupos de mayor importancia dentro de los agroecosistemas, ya que aportan notablemente en la regulación de plagas de interés económico, como los áfidos, mosca blanca, cochinillas y ácaros. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las especies de coccinélidos presentes en lotes de limoneros de Tucumán con manejo integrado de plagas.EEA FamailláFil: Lazarte, Osmar A. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Superior de Entomología "Dr. Abraham Willink" (INSUE); ArgentinaFil: Carrizo, Beatriz Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentin

Daytime Sky Quality at El Leoncito, Argentina

We characterize the daytime sky quality in terms of brightness, cloud coverage, and main weather variables at the Carlos Ulrico Cesco station of the Felix Aguilar Astronomical Observatory (OAFA), located in El Leoncito National Park, San Juan, Argentina. We have collected more than 15 years of daily observations from the auxiliary sky brightness detectors of the Mirror Coronagraph for Argentina (MICA, in operations from 1997 to 2012), including daily observing reports. We additionally present data from two meteorological stations operated at the site from 2000 to 2020. We determine the main statistical properties and seasonal variability of daytime sky brightness, clear sky time fraction (CSTF), precipitable water vapor (WV), temperature, humidity, and wind speed, which are relevant for solar, particularly coronal observations. Our results confirm that El Leoncito is an excellent place to perform daytime astronomical observations. We measure a median sky brightness of 15.8 ppm, estimated at 526.0 ± 1.0 nm and 6 solar radii from the solar disk center; a median CSTF of 0.7; and a median WV below 6 mm. These values, and those of other relevant weather variables, are comparable to the levels found among the best astronomical observing sites in the world. Due to the extended period of time analyzed and high sampling frequency, the novel data and results presented in this report contribute to the analysis and interpretation of historical sky brightness data and are of great value for the future planning of daytime astronomical instrumentation at El Leoncito.Fil: Iglesias, F. A.. Universidad de Mendoza. Facultad de Ingenieria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Francile, Carlos Natale. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Informática. Observatorio Astronómico Félix Aguilar; ArgentinaFil: Lazarte Gelmetti, J.. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Balmaceda, L. A.. George Mason University. School Of Physics. Astronomy And Computational Sciences; Estados Unidos. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Estados UnidosFil: Cremades Fernandez, Maria Hebe. Universidad de Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cisterna, F.. Universidad de Mendoza. Facultad de Ingenieria; Argentin

Likened to “a boiled egg”: a new framework for understanding Chinese postgraduate taught students’ transitional experience

International students make significant contributions to the UK and Chinese international students represent the largest body of overseas students in the UK. Although previous studies have examined different aspects of this cohort, an in-depth and comprehensive investigation of the experience of Chinese postgraduate taught students is seemingly very limited. This research employed a longitudinal design and conducted 34 interviews with the facilitation of photograph- and diagram-elicitation techniques. With a phenomenological focus, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, an inductive approach, was employed for the data analysis of this research investigation. Nine superordinate themes emerged to capture academic, social, linguistic and psychological aspects of students’ experience as well as motivations prior to their experience and expectations subsequent to their journey. This research offers a holistic framework of student experience by illustrating various emerging needs in different layers and highlighting English proficiency and social connections as two influential factors on other elements of student experience

Oral administration of Melissa officinalis or Bahuinia forficata infusions reduce the postischemic recovery of hearts from hypothyroid rats

Drinking infusions of Melissa officinalis (Moff, “lemon balm”) or Bahuinia forficata (Baf, “cow´s hoof”) are clinically contraindicated in hypothyroidism (HypoT). However, it is not known whether they interfere in the cardiac response to coronary dysfunction. So, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether these plants interfere with the cardioprotection of HypoT after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. In this model, HypoT was induced in rats by drinking methimazole for 15 days. Euthyroid (EuT) and HypoT rats drunk either Moff or Baf infusion during 7 days. Isolated perfused hearts were exposed to 20 min I/45min R inside a calorimeter, a model of stunning without infarct. Contractile pressure development (P, mmHg), diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and total heat rate (Ht, in mW/g) were measured. In EuT, Moff improved the postischemic contractile recovery (PICR) (105.0±16.4% of initial vs 69.4±6.0% in non-treated, p<0.05) and muscle economy (P/Ht). Baf slightly reduced PICR (40.4±6.7%) and significantly increased LVEDP. In HypoT hearts, Moff and Baf drastically reduced PICR (54.7±3.3% and 12.5±5.3% respectively vs 92.6±5.2% in non-treated, both p<0.05) as well as P/Ht, while increased LVEDP. Cyclosporine-A reversed the Moff dysfunction but not that of Baf, which was neither reduced by diazoxide. Results show that under HypoT Moff induced the opening of mPTP which reduce postischemic recovery, and Baf worsened the dysfunction although it was not related to mitochondrial calcium overload. Results suggest that the use of these plants in hypothyroid individuals with risk of cardiac ischemic episodes requires precaution.Fil: Ragone, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bayley, M.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Lazarte, M. L.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Clavellino, L.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, J. J.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, María Esperanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos; ArgentinaFil: Capone, E.. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; ItaliaFil: Consolini, A.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentin

Interconvertible Hydrochlorothiazide–Caffeine Multicomponent Pharmaceutical Materials: A Solvent Issue

The design of new multicomponent pharmaceutical materials that involve different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), e.g., drug-drug cocrystals, is a novel and interesting approach to address new therapeutic challenges. In this work, the hydrochlorothiazide-caffeine (HCT–CAF) codrug and its methanol solvate have been synthesized by mechanochemical methods and thoroughly characterized in the solid state by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively, as well as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses and infrared spectroscopy. In addition, solubility and stability studies have also been performed looking for improved physicochemical properties of the codrug. Interestingly, the two reported structures show great similarity, which allows conversion between them. The desolvated HCT–CAF cocrystal shows great stability at 24 h and an enhancement of solubility with respect to the reference HCT API. Furthermore, the contribution of intermolecular forces on the improved physicochemical properties was evaluated by computational methods showing strong and diverse H-bond and π–π stacking interactions.Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICIU)European Union (EU) PGC2018-102047-B-I00MICIU/AEI from SPAIN CTQ2017-85821-

Anos de vida potencialmente perdidos em vítimas de acidentes de trânsito

Objective: To evaluate the trend and the years of life potentially lost in deaths due to traffic accidents in the department of Tacna. Material and methods: Observational study based on secondary data from the National System of Deaths of the Ministry of Health. A descriptive analysis of the general characteristics of the total number of deaths during the 2017-2021 period was carried out. Years of life lost were also calculated using the formula provided by the Global Burden of Disease. Results: A total of 245 deaths were obtained in the study period, the mean age was 42.98 years with a standard deviation of 19.58. 78 % of the victims were male. More than 80 % were reported in the province of Tacna. In 2020 there was a clear reduction in the number of deaths from traffic accidents. The years potentially lost in the study period were 12 012 years in total, with a large loss in the age group of 20 to 49 years. Conclusion: Compared to other cities in the department of Tacna, there are few deaths from traffic accidents, however, it is important to mention that the young and adult population has a higher proportion compared to other age groups and that these have a greater number of years of life potentially lost. Emphasis must be placed on the promotion and prevention of road safety, and in this way avoid deaths and serious injuries that can lead to disability.Objetivo: Evaluar la tendencia y los años de vida potencialmente perdidos de los fallecimientos por accidentes de tránsito en el departamento de Tacna. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional a partir de los datos secundarios del Sistema Nacional de Defunciones del Ministerio de Salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las características generales del número total de fallecidos durante el periodo 2017-2021. También se calcularon los años de vida perdidos mediante la fórmula brindada por la Global Burden of Disease. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 245 fallecidos en el periodo de estudio, la media de edad fue 42,98 años con una desviación estándar de 19,58. El 78 % de las víctimas fueron del género masculino. Más del 80 % se reportaron en la provincia de Tacna. En el año 2020 hubo una clara reducción en el número de fallecidos por accidentes de tránsito. Los años potencialmente perdidos en el periodo de estudio fueron de 12 012 años en total, con una gran pérdida en el grupo etario de 20 a 49 años. Conclusión: A comparación de otras ciudades, en el departamento de Tacna existen pocos fallecimientos por accidentes de tránsito, sin embargo, es importante mencionar que la población joven y adulta tiene una mayor proporción en comparación de otros grupos etarios y que estos tienen una mayor cantidad de años de vida potencialmente perdidos. Se debe insistir en la promoción y prevención para la seguridad vial y, de esta manera, evitar muertes y lesiones graves que puedan llevar a la discapacidad.Objetivo: Avaliar a tendência e os anos de vida potencialmente perdidos em mortes por acidentes de trânsito no departamento de Tacna. Material e métodos: Estudo observacional baseado em dados secundários do Sistema Nacional de Óbitos do Ministério dá Saúde. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva das características gerais do número total de óbitos durante o período 2017-2021. Anos de vida perdidos também foram calculados usando a fórmula fornecida pelo Global Burden of Disease. Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 245 óbitos no período estudado, a média de idade foi de 42,98 anos com desvio padrão de 19,58. 78 % das vítimas eram do sexo masculino. Mais de 80 % foram relatados na província de Tacna. Em 2020 houve uma clara redução no número de mortes por acidentes de trânsito. Os anos potencialmente perdidos no período estudado foram de 12 012 anos no total, com grande perda na faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos. Conclusão: Em comparação com outras cidades do departamento de Tacna, há poucas mortes por acidentes de trânsito, no entanto, é importante mencionar que a população jovem e adulta tem uma proporção maior em comparação com outras faixas etárias e que estas têm um maior número de anos de vida potencialmente perdida. A ênfase deve ser colocada na promoção e prevenção da segurança rodoviária e, desta forma, evitar mortes e lesões graves que podem levar à deficiência