Traditional open surgery for advanced benign nasal tumours in an era of endoscopy: review of 38 cases.

During the past decade open nasal surgery has been overtaken by endoscopic resection in the management of benign sinonasal tumours in the advanced countries. However, due to limited availability of endoscopic surgical facilities and training in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa, open surgery still seems popular. This report determines the indications and outcome of open nasal surgery for benign tumours in a resource – poor tertiary centre in sub-Saharan Africa and compares with endoscopic resection. This is retrospective study of 38 open surgeries done by the authors for cases of benign sinonasal tumours. Seventeen (45%) caldwel-luc procedures, 12 (31%) external (lynch-howarth) fronto-ethmoidectomy and 9(24%) lateral rhinotomy were carried out. The indications were simple nasal polyps 17(45%), mucocoele 10(26%), inverted paplloma 8(21%), invasive fungal sinusitis 2(5%) and ossifying fibroma 1(2%). Postoperatively, recurrence was 1/17(6%) caldwel-Luc surgery and 1/9 (11%) lateral rhinotomy for inverted papilloma. Facial scar was seen in 21/38(55%) but the cosmetic effect of the scars was acceptable to our patients. Postoperative stay was between 5 to 17 days. We conclude that open nasal surgery met the therapeutic expectations of our patients. The recurrence rate compared with that of endoscopic resection reported in the literature and cosmetic effect of facial scar was acceptable to the patients, however, postoperative stay in the hospital is longer. It is our hope that this will serve as a baseline to compare the result of endoscopic nasal surgery in future when it becomes a widespread procedure in the developing countries. African Journal of Health Sciences Vol. 14 (1-2) 2007: pp. 44-4

Opinions of a selected population of Nigerian dental surgeons on the preferred management of unerupted maxillary canines

Objective: To assess the survey opinions of Dental Surgeons working in one of the Nigerian Teaching Hospitals on their preferred management of unerupted maxillary canines. Method: The setting was the Dental Centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan. The participants were 46 Dental Surgeons working within the selected Teaching Hospital. The instrument of study was a questionnaire which consisted of 10 open ended questions, for information on questionnaire, sociodemographic characteristics. Data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed and frequencies were generated. Result: Four main types of treatment were preferred by participants: 23(54.7%) of the dental surgeons preferred alignment with orthodontic treatment to all other forms of management, 12(28.6%) preferred surgical extraction, 5 (11%) preferred transplantation and 2 (4%) preferred observation and monitoring . Conclusion: Opinions of dental surgeons surveyed indicated that most dental surgeons would prefer orthodontic alignment of the unerupted maxillary canine above other dental treatment

Outbreak of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in West African Dwarf Goats in Eruwa, Southwestern Nigeria

In Nigeria, goats play a significant socioeconomic role in the life of rural people. Recently, there had been report of high mortality of goats especially the kids under one year with none of such among sheep reared together in Eruwa, Southwestern Nigeria. An investigation was conducted to ascertain the cause of the deaths. Clinical, pathological and serological findings were described. Serum samples of forty-two animals from affected goats of varied ages were tested for the presence of PPR antibodies by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA).Post mortem examination of three of the carcasses and histopathology of the lungs, segments of the oral mucosa and intestine were also done. The clinical findings observed include loss of appetite, oculo-nasal mucopurulent discharges, dyspnoea, profuse diarrhea and death, the findings led to the tentative diagnosis of PPR. Serum samples from fifteen out of twenty affected,10 out of 10 recovered and 7 apparently healthy goats were tested positive for the presence of PPR antibodies using cELISA. It was also observed that PPRV antibodies were more in goats below one and half years. However, no PPR antibodies were detected in sheep reared together with the goats. At histopathology, there were thickening of the alveolar septa walls with mononuclear cells and presence of varying numbers of macrophages and characteristic giant cells within the alveoli. This is apparently another documented case of PPR after thirty one years of the first report in this community. This showed that obvious concerted efforts in the control of the disease should be harnessed. Enhanced awareness and sensitization campaign among the stockowners towards adoption of annual vaccination of goats before the` onset of rain was recommended.Keywords: Peste des petits ruminants, outbreak, WAD goats, Serology, cELISA, NigeriaNigerian Veterinary Journal, VOL:32 (4) 331-33

Medical and Healthcare Waste Management In African Cities: A Case Study

Medical wastes consist of all types and categories of waste generated by medical establishments. Infections and hazardous health care waste pose a substantial danger immediately or over a period of time to human, plant and animal life if not properly managed.  This study evaluated the generation, collection transportation and management of medical waste in selected private and public medical establishments in thirteen local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos State, Nigeria.  Field observations, interviews and questionnaire were employed in the course of this research to collect data.  The data collected were analysed and discussed.  The results showed that the medical waste generated out weighted the current management strategies employed by the medical establishment authorities and regulatory bodies in Lagos State, Nigeria.  There is no structured staff training and development policies, plans and practices for staff members involved in medical waste management.  The on site handling, storage, processing and collection facilities of medical waste are obsolete.  The study therefore recommend the need for federal ministry of health, Lagos State ministry of health, professional bodies, regulatory agencies, and the management of health care establishments to review the current medical waste management strategies, upgrade the on-site medical waste handling facilities and embark on training and retraining of staff members involved in medical waste management in Lagos State and other States of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

Appraisal of jaw swellings in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility

Introduction: The mandible and maxilla can be the site of myriads of lesions that may be categorized as neoplastic, cystic, reactive and infective or inflammatory. Literature reviewing jaw swellings in an amalgamated fashion are uncommon, probably because aetiologies for these swellings are varied. However, to appreciate their relative relationship, it is essential to evaluate the clinico-pathologic profile of jaw swellings. The aim of this appraisal is to describe the array of jaw swellings seen at our hospital from 1990 to 2011, to serve as a reference database. Methodology: Biopsy records of all histologically diagnosed cases of jaw swellings seen at the department of Oral Pathology, University College Hospital between January 1990 and December 2011 were retrieved, coded and inputted into SPSS version 20. Data on prevalence, age, sex, site and histological diagnosis were analysed descriptively for each category of jaw swellings. All patients below 16 years were regarded as children. Results: A total of 638 jaw swellings were recorded in the 22-year study period. The Non Odontogenic Tumours (NOT) were the commonest, accounting for 46.2% of all jaw swellings. Odontogenic Tumours (OT) formed 45% of all adult jaw swelling while it formed 25.2% in children and adolescents. Ameloblastoma was the commonest while the most common NOT was ossifying fibroma (OF). Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws was about 6 times commoner in adult females than males and mostly involved the mandible. The most common malignant jaw swelling was Burkitts' lymphoma (BL) that was about 7 times more in children than adults. Osteogenic sarcoma was the most common malignancy in adults. Conclusion: Jaw swellings are extensively varied in types and pattern of occurrence. This study has categorized jaw swellings in a simple but comprehensive fashion to allow for easy referencing in local and international data acquisition and epidemiological comparison

Geo additive Cox Models with Gaussian and Binomial Links for the Analysis of Wasting status of Nigerian Children

Malnutrition is associated with more than half of all children deaths worldwide. A study into geographical variability of nutritional status of children in Nigeria was observed from krigingand thecontinuous covariates weight for height (wasting) that exhibit pronounced non-linear relationships with the response variable was analysed. The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 3 (MICS3) data set contains several variables. Only those that are believed to be related to nutritional status were selected. All categorical covariates are effect coded. The child’s age is assumed to be nonlinear; the state is spatial effect while other variables are parametric in nature. Wasting is higher among children in the urban areas, the more rich the parents the more prevalence of wasting. Mother’s education is inversely associated with child’s wasting. Sex of the child is not significant with wasting and severe wasting is prevalent in the Northern region of the country. The study builds a statistical model that will help various health agencies in the country in developing a framework, policies and programmes that will improve child health care. Keywords: Wasting, Categorical data, Binomial,Gaussian, and Krigin

Oral health awareness, practices and status of patients with diabetes attending a tertiary health institution in Nigeria

Background: Despite the reported increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, very few studies have documented report on oral health awareness and oral health conditions of individuals with diabetes mellitus from our environment. Thus this study aimed at assessing the oral health awareness, practices and status of individuals with diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.Methods: A cross sectional survey of 143 patients with diabetes attending the medical outpatients' clinic of the hospital. Information was obtained from participants using pretested structured questionnaires and oral examination. Tests of associations were determined using Chi-square and student t test.Results: One-fifth (20.3%) of the respondents were aware of good oral health preventing oral diseases in diabetes. Thirty-five (24.5%) knew that diabetes could worsen oral health condition and only 3 (2.1%) could correctly explain the association between diabetes and oral health conditions. Forty-three (30.1%) had participated in an oral health education program focused on diabetes and oral health. The majority (88.6%) had calculus accumulation while none had a healthy periodontium.Conclusion: Oral health awareness, practices and status of patients with diabetes were poor in our environment. Thus, these individuals need to be better informed of the relationship between oral health and diabetes.Keywords: Oral disease; diabetes; awareness; oral health educatio

Development and exploration of a mathematical model for transmission of monkey-pox disease in humans

In this paper, mathematical model of Monkey-Pox transmission is developed and investigated, using ordinary differential equation. We verified the feasible region of the model and showed the positivity of the solutions. We obtained the disease free equilibrium (DFE). We computed and analysed the effective basic reproduction number (R0) of the model

AN ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ENCROACHMENT ON OGUN RIVER BANK PROTECTION ZONE IN ABEOKUTA CITY, NIGERIA

An assessment of urban sprawl in Abeokuta city, Nigeria from 1964 to 2008 was conducted. The study investigated the rate of encroachment of buildings on the Ogun River bank using Geographical Information Systems and remote sensing techniques. Topographic map of the city was scanned, imported into GIS, and digitized. Series of multi-date remote sensing satellite imageries were also acquired, processed, classified (where necessary) and vectorized to enable full assessment of the spread of built up area into the River bank Protection zone (RBPZ). A recent, high resolution satellite (Ikonos) image was utilized to assess the situation at present.  Results of the assessment revealed progressive spatial expansion in the city and progressive encroachment on Ogun river right of way. Particularly, gross encroachments were pronounced in the aboriginal part of the city. A total of 34.1ha of built up area are completely within the protection zone as at 1964, this increased to 50ha in 1974, 77 ha in 1984 and 90 ha in 1994. In the year 2008, the encroachment was almost four times (123 ha) what it was in 1964. The study demonstrated that use of remote sensing and GIS is very useful and effective for the monitoring of urban sprawl. It provides a tool of the quantitative measurement that is needed for rapidly growing regions in identifying internal variations and temporal change of urban sprawl patterns in different periods. Â

Comparative Analysis on the Diastolic Blood Pressure of Some Selected Age Groups in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State

This research work aimed to examine the comparative analysis on the diastolic blood pressure of some selected age group in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. The data used for this research work covered the age group between 20 years and above with record of Diastolic blood pressure and patients ages of forty (40) people in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. The data used for this research work was secondary which was extracted from the surveyed record of laboratory test department of general hospital, Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. From the graph, the diagram showed that, as the age increases so also the diastolic blood pressure rises at a slowly manner. The result of the analysis carried out using SPSS from the data revealed that the Pearson’s correlation coefficient computed to be 16r=0.470 "> , which implies  that there is steady relationship between Age and Diastolic blood pressure of the patients at general hospital Ise-Emure, Ekiti.. From the analysis we observed that the p-value (0.002) is less than the alpha level (0.05), of which we reject Ho. Under the test for independence, the 16tcalculated">  was computed to be 163.28">  while that of corresponding 16ttabulated">  was observed to be 1.686, of which 16tcalculated>ttabulated"> , by comparison  16H0">  was rejected. Keywords: Diastolic Blood Pressure, Survey, Hypertension, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Comparison, Association, Hypothesis, Patients. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/95-11 Publication date: November 30th 202