The South American Land Data Assimilation System (SALDAS) 5-Year Retrospective Atmospheric Forcing Datasets

The definition and derivation of a 5-year, 0.125deg, 3-hourly atmospheric forcing dataset for the South America continent is described which is appropriate for use in a Land Data Assimilation System and which, because of the limited surface observational networks available in this region, uses remotely sensed data merged with surface observations as the basis for the precipitation and downward shortwave radiation fields. The quality of this data set is evaluated against available surface observations. There are regional difference in the biases for all variables in the dataset, with biases in precipitation of the order 0-1 mm/day and RMSE of 5-15 mm/day, biases in surface solar radiation of the order 10 W/sq m and RMSE of 20 W/sq m, positive biases in temperature typically between 0 and 4 K, depending on region, and positive biases in specific humidity around 2-3 g/Kg in tropical regions and negative biases around 1-2 g/Kg further south

Distribution of Temperature and Strength in the Central Andean Lithosphere and Its Relationship to Seismicity and Active Deformation

We present three-dimensional (3D) models of the present-day steady-state conductive thermal field and strength distribution in the lithosphere beneath the Central Andes. Our primary objective was to investigate the influence that the structure of the Central Andean lithosphere has on its thermal and rheological state, and the relationship between the latter and the active deformation in the region. We used our previous data-driven and gravity-constrained 3D density model as starting point for the calculations. We first assigned lithology-derived thermal and rheological properties to the different divisions of the density model and defined temperature boundary conditions. We then calculated the 3D steady-state conductive thermal field and the maximum differential stresses for both brittle and ductile behaviors. We find that the thickness and composition of the crust are the main factors affecting the modeled thermal field, and consequently also the strength distribution. The orogen is characterized by a thick felsic crust with elevated temperatures and a low integrated strength, whereas the foreland and forearc are underlain by a more mafic and thinner crust with lower temperatures and a higher integrated strength. We find that most of the intraplate deformation coincides spatially with the steepest strength gradients and suggest that the high potential energy of the orogen together with the presence of rheological lateral heterogeneities produce high compressional stresses and strong strain localization along the margins of the orogen. We interpret earthquakes within the modeled ductile field to be related to the weakening effect of long-lived faults and/or the presence of seismic asperities.Fil: Ibarra, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Prezzi, Claudia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Bott, Judith. German Research Centre for Geosciences; AlemaniaFil: Scheck Wenderoth, Magdalena. German Research Centre for Geosciences; AlemaniaFil: Strecker, Manfred. Universitat Potsdam; Alemani

Lack of robustness of textural measures obtained from 3D brain tumor MRIs impose a need for standardization

Purpose Textural measures have been widely explored as imaging biomarkers in cancer. However, their robustness under dynamic range and spatial resolution changes in brain 3D magnetic resonance images (MRI) has not been assessed. The aim of this work was to study potential variations of textural measures due to changes in MRI protocols. Materials and methods Twenty patients harboring glioblastoma with pretreatment 3D T1-weighted MRIs were included in the study. Four different spatial resolution combinations and three dynamic ranges were studied for each patient. Sixteen three-dimensional textural heterogeneity measures were computed for each patient and configuration including co-occurrence matrices (CM) features and run-length matrices (RLM) features. The coefficient of variation was used to assess the robustness of the measures in two series of experiments corresponding to (i) changing the dynamic range and (ii) changing the matrix size. Results No textural measures were robust under dynamic range changes. Entropy was the only textural feature robust under spatial resolution changes (coefficient of variation under 10% in all cases). Conclusion Textural measures of three-dimensional brain tumor images are not robust neither under dynamic range nor under matrix size changes. Standards should be harmonized to use textural features as imaging biomarkers in radiomic-based studies. The implications of this work go beyond the specific tumor type studied here and pose the need for standardization in textural feature calculation of oncological images

Cadenas de vida : donación de órganos y tejidos

Informar sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos, es un derecho humano y un derecho a la vida, Después del trasplante se inicia una nueva vida y una persona trasplantada puede reintegrarse plenamente a la vida social: trabajar, estudiar, hacer deportes, disfrutar del tiempo libre con su familia y amigos y proyectar un futuro. Objetivos: ■ Difundir la importancia de la donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplantes. ■ Fortalecer espacios de participación virtual, interactividad de información y de experiencias. ■ Crear objetos o imágenes artísticas que le otorguen una presencia visible a la donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplantes. Actividades desarrolladas: encuentros sincrónicos con la Coordinadora de Educación y Comunicación de CUCAICOR, se desarrollaron los contenidos, referentes a la Ley 27.447/2018 el INCUCAI, el CUCAICOR. Las comisiones de estudiantes elaboraron una o varias imágenes u objetos artísticos de cadenas de vida, con técnicas expresivas libres como dibujo, pintura, collage, con sus familias amigos, compañeros, debían sacarse una foto o varias, subirlas al aula virtual y redes sociales y enviarlas a CUCAICOR para ser publicadas en otras redes sociales. Resultados esperados: cambio de conducta en la comunidad universitaria acerca de la donación de órganos y tejidos, visibilizar la importancia de la donación y consolidar los valores de solidaridad y de trabajo en equipo para una mejor calidad de vida

Differentiation between acute and chronic myocardial infarction by means of texture analysis of late gadolinium enhancement and cine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

[EN] The purpose of this study was to differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction using machine learning techniques and texture features extracted from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study group comprised 22 cases with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 22 cases with chronic myocardial infarction (CMI). Cine and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI were analyzed independently to differentiate AMI from CMI. A total of 279 texture features were extracted from predefined regions of interest (ROIs): the infarcted area on LGE MRI, and the entire myocardium on cine MRI. Classification performance was evaluated by a nested cross-validation approach combining a feature selection technique with three predictive models: random forest, support vector machine (SVM) with Gaussian Kernel, and SVM with polynomial kernel. The polynomial SVM yielded the best classification performance. Receiver operating characteristic curves provided area-under-thecurve (AUC) (mean +/- standard deviation) of 0.86 +/- 0.06 on LGE MRI using 72 features; AMI sensitivity = 0.81 +/- 0.08 and specificity = 0.84 +/- 0.09. On cine MRI, AUC = 0.82 +/- 0.06 using 75 features; AMI sensitivity = 0.79 +/- 0.10 and specificity = 0.80 +/- 0.10. We concluded that texture analysis can be used for differentiation of AMI from CMI on cardiac LGE MRI, and also on standard cine sequences in which the infarction is visually imperceptible in most cases.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER funds under grant BFU2015-64380-C2-2-R, by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FEDER funds under grants FIS PI14/00271 and PIE15/00013 and by the Generalitat Valenciana under grant PROMETEO/2013/007. The first author, Andres Larroza, was supported by grant FPU12/01140 from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte (MECD).Larroza, A.; Materka, A.; López-Lereu, M.; Monmeneu-Menadas, J.; Bodi, V.; Moratal, D. (2017). Differentiation between acute and chronic myocardial infarction by means of texture analysis of late gadolinium enhancement and cine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. European Journal of Radiology. 92:78-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.04.024S78839

Synthesis of 4-Arylselanyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles from Selenium-Containing Carbinols

In this work, we present a simple way to achieve 4-arylselanyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles from selenium-containing carbinols in a one-pot strategy. The selenium-containing carbinols were used as starting materials to produce a range of selanyl-triazoles in moderate to good yields, including a quinoline and Zidovudine derivatives. One-pot protocols are crucial to the current concerns about waste production and solvent consumption, avoiding the isolation and purification steps of the reactive terminal selanylalkynes. We could also isolate an interesting and unprecedented by-product with one alkynylselenium moiety connected to the triazole

Modelado de las estructuras de los cráteres en Paraguay: II- Región Este

We report here the discovery and study of several new modeled large impact craters in Eastern Paraguay, South America. They were studied by geophysical information (gravimetry, magnetism), field geology and also by microscopic petrography. Clear evidences of shock metamorphic effects were found (e.g., diaplectic glasses, PF, PDF in quartz and feldspar) at 4 of the modeled craters: 1) Negla: diameter:~80-81 km., 2) Yasuka Renda D:~96 km., 3) Tapyta, D: ~80 km. and 4) San Miguel, D: 130-136 km. 5) Curuguaty, D: ~110 km. was detected and studied only by geophysical information. Target-rocks range goes from the crystalline Archaic basement to Permian sediments. The modeled craters were in some cases cut by tholeiitic/alkaline rocks of Mesozoic age and partially covered by lavas of the basaltic Mesozoic flows (Negla, Yasuka Renda, Tapyta andCuruguaty). One of them was covered in part by sediments of Grupo Caacupé (age: Silurian/Devonian). Some of these modeled craters show gold, diamonds, uranium and REE mineral deposits associated. All new modeled large impact craters are partially to markedly eroded.Este trabajo representa los avances en la tarea de levantar información sobre el fenómeno de impacto meteorítico en el Paraguay Oriental. Se realiza una apreciación corta y preliminar, basada en la geofísica (gravimetría, magnetometría y espesor cortical) acompañada de alguna información sobre la geología (de superficie) y petrografía microscópica que evidencian metamorfismo de impacto (PFs, PDFs, vidrio diapléctico) en cuatro cráteres de impacto meteorítico: Negla con ~80-81 km-D., Yasuka Renda con ~96 km-D., Tapyta con ~80 km-D. y San Miguel con ~130-136 km-D. Donde un quinto, Curuguaty con ~110 km-D. fue reconocido con base a la información geofísica -probable cráter de impacto meteorítico. Las unidades impactadas varian desde el basamento cristalino Arcaico/Proterozoico Inf.-Sup. a sedimentos del Pérmico. Los modelados cráteres de impacto meteoritico son cortados por diques de rocas toleíticas y/o alcalinas del Mesozoico, cubiertos por lavas toleíticas del Mesozoico (Negla, Yasuka Renda, Tapyta y Curuguaty) y uno de ellos fue cubierto (en parte) por sedimentos del Grupo Caacupé (Siluro/Devónico). En las cinco estructuras mencionadas se delata la presencia de mineralizaciones o indicios de la presencia de mineralizaciones como oro, diamantes, REE. Cráteres de impacto meteorítico modelados que están parcial a marcadamente erosionados.Fil: Presser, Jaime L. B.. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Fariña Dolsa, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Larroza Cristaldo, Fernando A.. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Rocca, Maximiliano. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Secretaria de Cultura; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Ricardo Narciso. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Grupo Vinculado al INSUGEO- Centro de Estudios Geologicos Andinos; ArgentinaFil: Acevedo, Rogelio Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Cabral Antúnez, Nestor D.. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Baller, Lindomar. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Zarza Lima, Pedro R.. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Sekatcheff, Jean M.. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; Paragua