Effect of Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback on Infra-Slow EEG Fluctuations

Infra-low frequency neurofeedback (ILF NF) has been proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment method. Previous studies have reported a good effect of ILF training on the subjective perception of positive psychological changes after training. Here we study whether the objective physiological parameters reflecting the brain function also change under the influence of ILF NF. Eight participants 21–50 years of age with no history of neurological or psychiatric diseases, but reporting about some physiological or psychological complaints, performed 20 sessions of infra-low frequency neurofeedback training. EEG in visual Go/NoGo test was recorded before the course of Neurofeedback and after its completion. The spectral power of slow EEG oscillations in the post-training recording was compared with the pretraining baseline. Along with remission of the clinical complaints, significant increase of spectral power in 0–0.5 Hz frequency band was observed in all eight participants in the post-training EEG patterns compared to the pretraining EEG, which may be linked to the improvement in the metabolic balance in the brain tissue and increasing efficiency of compensatory mechanisms in the stress regulation systems

ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA OF THE MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS: A CASE REPORT

Acinic cell carcinomas (ACC) constitute 5 to 11 % of all salivary gland cancers. ACCs arise from the reserve precursor cells of the terminal and intercalated ducts. The tumor results from the neoplastic proliferation and aberrant differentiation of reserve pluripotent cells that are normally located in the transition of acini into the intercalated ducts of the salivary gland and/or into the intercalated ducts proper of mature salivary glands. ACCs chiefly affect the major salivary glands; sporadic cases of its involvement of the minor salivary glands have been described in the literature. This paper presents a clinical case of ACC of the minor salivary glands

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR RECURRENT OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER

The paper analyzes the results of surgical treatment in 57 patients with recurrent oropharyngeal cancer after an ineffective chemoradiaton therapy cycle performed in 1995 to 2014.It shows that it is important to estimate the extent of a tumor process by different methods and to choose a surgical approach

Место роботической хирургии в лечении рака ротоглотки. Клиническое наблюдение

Background. The incidence of HpV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) is steadily increasing. given the better prognosis in patients with HpV-positive cancer compared to HpV-negative cancer, attempts were made to reduce the therapeutic effect in patients with early-stage oscc to improve the quality of life of these patients. early-stage oscc can currently been treated with radiation therapy or surgery used alone or in combination. Currently, the concept of transoral surgery includes both transoral laser microsurgery and robot-assisted surgeries (da Vinci, medrobotics Flex system). Case description. We report a case of using the da Vinci robot-assisted system in the combined modality treatment of oropharyngeal cancer. The patient underwent surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy. At a follow-up of 10 months, no evidence of disease progression was found. The patient experienced no any pain on swallowing.Conclusion. The use of the da Vinci robot-assisted surgical system in the combined modality treatment of oropharyngeal cancer, especially in such a hard-to-reach area as the root of the tongue, makes it possible to better visualize and determine the boundaries of the lesion, followed by en block resection, as well as to improve functional and aesthetic results. However, careful selection of patients for this type of treatment is necessary.Актуальность. Заболеваемость плоскоклеточным раком ротоглотки растет, и связано это с увеличением частоты инфицирования вирусом папилломы человека (ВПЧ). Учитывая лучший прогноз у пациентов с ВПЧ-позитивным раком по сравнению с ВПЧ-негативным, предприняты попытки уменьшить терапевтическое воздействие с целью улучшения качества жизни у пациентов с ранними стадиями. При ранних стадиях рака ротоглотки возможно применение как лучевого, так и хирургического методов лечения в самостоятельном варианте или в комбинации. На современном этапе понятие «трансоральная хирургия» включает в себя как трансоральную лазерную микрохирургию, так и робот-ассистированные операции (da Vinci, medrobotic Flex system). Описание клинического случая. В статье представлен один из клинических случаев использования робот-ассистированной системы da Vinci в комбинированном лечении рака ротоглотки. После операции пациент получил адъювантное химиолучевое лечение. Срок наблюдения за пациентом составил 10 мес. При контрольном обследовании – без признаков рецидива заболевания. Жалоб со стороны органов полости рта, ротоглотки не предъявляет, глотание любой пищи безболезненное.Заключение. Использование робот-ассистированной системы da Vinci в комбинированном лечении рака ротоглотки, особенно в такой труднодоступной зоне, как корень языка, позволяет лучше визуализировать и определить границы поражения с последующим удалением в едином блоке в пределах здоровых тканей в ограниченном пространстве, а также улучшить функциональные и эстетические результаты. Однако необходим тщательный отбор пациентов для данного вида лечения

Comprehensive approach in treatment of locally disseminated oropharyngeal cancer

The article contains information about current trends of treatment of the locally advanced oropharynx cancer. We analyzed the results of chemoradiation treatment, and surgery treatment of patients with rudimentary tumors after the chemoradiation therapy, taking into account the tumor margin, which gives capacity to perform an adequate operation with good oncological results

ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ РЕЦИДИВОВ РАКА РОТОГЛОТКИ

Oropharynx is the complex anatomical and topographical area, the boundaries of which begin behind oral cavity, and despite the visual localization, it not always easily to provide its appropriate inspection. This is particularly evident in cases of mandible dysfunction such as a limitation of mouth opening, certain anatomical features, pronounced vomiting reflex and hypertrophy of the tonsils. These factors, as well as low cancer alertness of general practitioners, are largely the reason for the neglect of oropharynx tumors.Ротоглотка представляет собой анатомически и топографически сложную область, границы которой начинаются за полостью рта, что несмотря на визуальную локализацию, делает ее не всегда легко доступной для осмотра. Это особенно ярко проявляется при нарушениях функции нижней челюсти в виде ограничения открывания рта, некоторых анатомических особенностях, выраженном рвотном рефлексе и гипертрофии небных миндалин. Данные факторы, а также низкая онкологическая настороженность врачей общего профиля, во многом являются причиной запущенности новообразований ротоглотки

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПОДПОДБОРОДОЧНОГО И ЛУЧЕВОГО ЛОСКУТОВ ДЛЯ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ ПРИ РАКЕ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ПОЛОСТИ РТА

Introduction. Due to anatomical features, surgical treatment of oral cancer can lead to significant functional and esthetic defects. Main methods of reconstruction can be divided into groups of local and free flaps. There are lots of publications devoted to reconstruction of defects of oral cavity with the use of local and free flaps, but only few of them contain the comparison of these methods in the aspect of functional results.Materials and methods. A total of 58 patients with oral cancer were included in our study. All patients received surgical treatment with one-time reconstruction of defect. In 34 cases we used free radial flap and in 24 – submental local flap.Results. The use of submental flap has advantages in the intraoperative time, time of recovery, functional results, with the same locoregional control.Conclusions. We suggest submental local flap and radial free flap to be the method of choice in reconstruction of mucosa and soft tissues defects in patients with primary and recurrent oral cancer.В связи с анатомическими особенностями орофарингеальной зоны при злокачественных опухолях зачастую необходимо выполнять расширенные и расширенно-комбинированные вмешательства, что может привести к значительным функциональным и эстетическим нарушениям. Основные способы реконструкции можно разделить на группы регионарных и свободных лоскутов. Несмотря на множество публикаций по реконструкции дефектов полости рта с использованием свободных и регионарных лоскутов, существует немного сообщений, в которых эти два способа сравнивались бы между собой по уровню восстановления функций глотания, жевания, дыхания и речи. В исследование включено 58 больных раком слизистой оболочки полости рта, которым было выполнено хирургическое лечение в самостоятельном (17 пациентов) или комбинированном (41 пациент) плане. По результатам проведенной работы использование подподбородочного перемещенного и лучевого свободного лоскутов является методом выбора для замещения дефектов слизистой оболочки и мягких тканей полости рта у пациентов с первичным и рецидивным раком слизистой оболочки полости рта и ротоглотки. Подподбородочный лоскут имеет преимущества по интра- и послеоперационным временным показателям и параметрам качества жизни пациентов, не ухудшая данные локорегионарного контроля

Cerebral activations related to ballistic, stepwise interrupted and gradually modulated movements in parkinson patients

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience impaired initiation and inhibition of movements such as difficulty to start/stop walking. At single-joint level this is accompanied by reduced inhibition of antagonist muscle activity. While normal basal ganglia (BG) contributions to motor control include selecting appropriate muscles by inhibiting others, it is unclear how PD-related changes in BG function cause impaired movement initiation and inhibition at single-joint level. To further elucidate these changes we studied 4 right-hand movement tasks with fMRI, by dissociating activations related to abrupt movement initiation, inhibition and gradual movement modulation. Initiation and inhibition were inferred from ballistic and stepwise interrupted movement, respectively, while smooth wrist circumduction enabled the assessment of gradually modulated movement. Task-related activations were compared between PD patients (N = 12) and healthy subjects (N = 18). In healthy subjects, movement initiation was characterized by antero-ventral striatum, substantia nigra (SN) and premotor activations while inhibition was dominated by subthalamic nucleus (STN) and pallidal activations, in line with the known role of these areas in simple movement. Gradual movement mainly involved antero-dorsal putamen and pallidum. Compared to healthy subjects, patients showed reduced striatal/SN and increased pallidal activation for initiation, whereas for inhibition STN activation was reduced and striatal-thalamo-cortical activation increased. For gradual movement patients showed reduced pallidal and increased thalamo-cortical activation. We conclude that PD-related changes during movement initiation fit the (rather static) model of alterations in direct and indirect BG pathways. Reduced STN activation and regional cortical increased activation in PD during inhibition and gradual movement modulation are better explained by a dynamic model that also takes into account enhanced responsiveness to external stimuli in this disease and the effects of hyper-fluctuating cortical inputs to the striatum and STN in particular

A hybrid feature selection approach for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Objective. Recently, significant advances have been made in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease from EEG. However, choosing suitable measures is a challenging task. Among other measures, frequency Relative Power and loss of complexity have been used with promising results. In the present study we investigate the early diagnosis of AD using synchrony measures and frequency Relative Power on EEG signals, examining the changes found in different frequency ranges. Approach. We first explore the use of a single feature for computing the classification rate, looking for the best frequency range. Then, we present a multiple feature classification system that outperforms all previous results using a feature selection strategy. These two approaches are tested in two different databases, one containing MCI and healthy subjects (patients age: 71.9 ± 10.2, healthy subjects age: 71.7 ± 8.3), and the other containing Mild AD and healthy subjects (patients age: 77.6 ± 10.0; healthy subjects age: 69.4± 11.5). Main Results. Using a single feature to compute classification rates we achieve a performance of 78.33% for the MCI data set and of 97.56 % for Mild AD. Results are clearly improved using the multiple feature classification, where a classification rate of 95% is found for the MCI data set using 11 features, and 100% for the Mild AD data set using 4 features. Significance. The new features selection method described in this work may be a reliable tool that could help to design a realistic system that does not require prior knowledge of a patient's status. With that aim, we explore the standardization of features for MCI and Mild AD data sets with promising results