Measurements of the composition of aerosol component of Venusian atmosphere with Vega 1 lander, preliminary data

Preliminary investigation of mass spectra of gaseous products of pyrolyzed Venusian cloud particles collected and analyzed by the complex device of mass-spectrometer and collector pyrolyzer on board Vega 1 lander revealed the presence of heavy particles in the upper cloud layer. Based on 64 amu peak (SO2+), an estimate of the lower limit of the sulfuric acid aerosol content at the 62 to 54 km heights of approximately 2.0 mg/cu m is obtained. A chlorine line (35 and 37 amu) is also present in the mass spectrum with a lower limit of the chlorine concentration of approximately 0.3 mg/ cu m

The Diversity of Concentrated Prescribing Behavior: An Application to Antipsychotics

Physicians prescribing drugs for patients with schizophrenia and related conditions are remarkably concentrated in their choice among antipsychotic drugs. In 2007 the single antipsychotic drug prescribed by a physician accounted for 66% of all antipsychotic prescriptions written by that physician. Which particular branded antipsychotic was the prescriber's "favorite" varied widely across physicians, i.e. physician prescribing concentration patterns are diverse. Building on Frank and Zeckhauser's [2007] characterization of physician treatments varying from "custom made" to "ready-to-wear", we construct a model of physician learning that generates a number of hypotheses. Using 2007 annual antipsychotic prescribing behavior on 17,652 physicians from IMS Health, we evaluate these predictions empirically. While physician prescribing behavior is generally quite concentrated, prescribers having greater volumes, those with training in psychiatry, male prescribers, and those not approaching retirement age tend to have less concentrated prescribing patterns.

Computing Equilibria of Prediction Markets via Persuasion

We study the computation of equilibria in prediction markets in perhaps the most fundamental special case with two players and three trading opportunities. To do so, we show equivalence of prediction market equilibria with those of a simpler signaling game with commitment introduced by Kong and Schoenebeck (2018). We then extend their results by giving computationally efficient algorithms for additional parameter regimes. Our approach leverages a new connection between prediction markets and Bayesian persuasion, which also reveals interesting conceptual insights

PELACAKAN KELUARAN SISTEM LINEAR POMPA PISTON TUNGGAL DENGAN KONTROL KOMPOSISI RESERVOIR POMPA

Pompa piston tunggal adalah pompa yang terdiri dari sebuah piston yang digunakan untuk memompa air, sehingga terjadi perbedaan tekanan dalam sistem pompa tersebut dan dapat dikonverter menjadi energi. Pompa piston tunggal ini difokuskan sebagai pembangkit listrik energi ombak. Penelitian ini berjudul pelacakan keluaran sistem linear pompa piston tunggal dengan kontrol reservoir pompa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merekonstruksi model sistem persamaan dari pompa piston tunggal dan membangun persamaan kontrol pompa piston tunggal terhadap reservoir-nya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode numerik Runge-Kutta dan tracking kontrol sistem persamaan linear. Berdasarkan tujuan yang ingin dicapai sebelumnya, penelitian ini berfokus pada perancangan kontrol terhadap reservoir atas dari pompa piston tunggal, sehingga diharapkan bahwa dengan kondisi tertentu yang optimal dari reservoir atas dapat menghasilkan perbedaan tekanan yang lebih optimal pula pada sistem, yang diharapkan juga berpengaruh dengan banyak energi yang dihasilkan dari sistem. Hasil yang didapat dari pengontrolan sistem ini adalah nilai dari variabel kontrol (A_u), yaitu 52 m^2. Nilai tersebut merupakan nilai rata-rata A_u dengan interval nilai 47 m^2 sampai 75 m^2. Didapat pula energi hidrolik yang dihasilkan sistem ini selama 100 detik adalah 5.500.175 J

Towards a TILLING platform for functional genomics in Piel de Sapo melons

Background The availability of genetic and genomic resources for melon has increased significantly, but functional genomics resources are still limited for this crop. TILLING is a powerful reverse genetics approach that can be utilized to generate novel mutations in candidate genes. A TILLING resource is available for cantalupensis melons, but not for inodorus melons, the other main commercial group. Results A new ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized (EMS) melon population was generated for the first time in an andromonoecious non-climacteric inodorus Piel de Sapo genetic background. Diverse mutant phenotypes in seedlings, vines and fruits were observed, some of which were of possible commercial interest. The population was first screened for mutations in three target genes involved in disease resistance and fruit quality (Cm-PDS, Cm-eIF4E and Cm-eIFI(iso)4E). The same genes were also tilled in the available monoecious and climacteric cantalupensis EMS melon population. The overall mutation density in this first Piel de Sapo TILLING platform was estimated to be 1 mutation/1.5 Mb by screening four additional genes (Cm-ACO1, Cm-NOR, Cm-DET1 and Cm-DHS). Thirty-three point mutations were found for the seven gene targets, six of which were predicted to have an impact on the function of the protein. The genotype/phenotype correlation was demonstrated for a loss-of-function mutation in the Phytoene desaturase gene, which is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Conclusions The TILLING approach was successful at providing new mutations in the genetic background of Piel de Sapo in most of the analyzed genes, even in genes for which natural variation is extremely low. This new resource will facilitate reverse genetics studies in non-climacteric melons, contributing materially to future genomic and breeding studies.González, M.; Xu, M.; Esteras Gómez, C.; Roig Montaner, MC.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ.; Troadec, C.; Pujol, M.... (2011). 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Optimal information disclosure: A linear programming approach

An uninformed sender designs a mechanism that discloses information about her type to a privately informed receiver, who then decides whether to act. I impose a single-crossing assumption, so that the receiver with a higher type is more willing to act. Using a linear programming approach, I characterize optimal information disclosure and provide conditions under which full and no revelation are optimal. Assuming further that the sender's utility depends only on the sender's expected type, I provide conditions under which interval revelation is optimal. Finally, I show that the expected utilities are not monotonic in the precision of the receiver's private information