165 research outputs found
Viscoelastic behavior in discrete element method realized by interparticle Maxwell-Zener model
The discrete element method describes the motion of granular structures numerically. Each particle is considered as a discrete element. Combining springs and dashpot for the normal contact forces, viscoelastic behavior represented by rheological models is realized via a nonlinear Maxwell–Zener model in a dynamic routine. For individual contacts and large particle structures, this model is compared to the Hertzian contact model for elastic behavior and studied with respect to rate dependence and the effect of model parameters
Macroscopic constitutive model for ergodic and non-ergodic lead-free relaxors
A fully electromechanically coupled, three dimensional phenomenological constitutive model for relaxor ferroelectric materials was developed for the use in a finite-element-method (FEM) solution procedure. This macroscopic model was used to simulate the macroscopic electromechanical response of lead-free ergodic 0.94Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3−0.06BaTiO3 and non-ergodic 0.90Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3−0.06BaTiO3−0.04K0.5Na0.5NbO3 relaxor materials. The presented constitutive model is capable of accounting for the observed pinched hysteretic response as well as non-deviatoric polarization induced strain and internal order transitions. Time integration of the history dependent internal variables is done with a predictor-corrector integration scheme. The adaptability of the constitutive model regarding the pinching of the hystereses is shown. Simulations are compared to experimental observations
Evolution of open clusters with or without black holes
Binary black holes (BHs) can be formed dynamically in the centers of star
clusters. The high natal kicks for stellar-mass BHs used in previous works made
it hard to retain BHs in star clusters. Recent studies of massive star
evolution and supernovae (SN) propose kick velocities that are lower due to the
fallback of the SN ejecta. We study the impact of these updates by performing
-body simulations following instantaneous gas expulsion. For comparison, we
simulate two additional model sets with the previous treatment of stars: one
with high kicks and another with artificial removal of the kicks. Our model
clusters initially consist of about one hundred thousand stars, formed with
centrally-peaked efficiency. We find that the updated treatment of stars, due
to the fallback-scaled lower natal kicks, allows clusters to retain SN remnants
after violent relaxation. The mass contribution of the retained remnants does
not exceed a few percent of the total bound cluster mass during the early
evolution. For this reason, the first giga year of evolution is not affected
significantly by this effect. Nevertheless, during the subsequent long-term
evolution, the retained BHs accelerate mass segregation, leading to the faster
dissolution of the clusters.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRAS, comments are welcom
Approximate particle number projection for finite range density dependent forces
The Lipkin-Nogami method is generalized to deal with finite range density
dependent forces. New expressions are derived and realistic calculations with
the Gogny force are performed for the nuclei Er and Er. The
sharp phase transition predicted by the mean field approximation is washed out
by the Lipkin-Nogami approach; a much better agreement with the experimental
data is reached with the new approach than with the Hartree-Fock_Bogoliubov
one, specially at high spins.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX 3.0, 3 postscript figures included using uufiles.
Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Approximate particle number projection with density dependent forces: Superdeformed bands in the A=150 and A=190 regions
We derive the equations for approximate particle number projection based on
mean field wave functions with finite range density dependent forces. As an
application ground bands of even-A superdeformed nuclei in the A=150 and A=190
regions are calculated with the Gogny force.
We discuss nuclear properties such as quadrupole moments, moments of inertia
and quasiparticle spectra, among others, as a function of the angular momentum.
We obtain a good overall description.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, 3 appendices. In press in Nucl. Phy
Effects of alginates on the growth, haematological, immunity, antioxidant and pro-inflammatory responses of rabbits under high temperature
Heat stress (HS) is one of the most severe hurdles impacting rabbit growth, immunity, homeostasis, and productivity. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have considerable beneficial effects due to their plausible antioxidant and immune-stimulatory properties. This work was planned to explore the preventive function of AOS as a new bio-feed additive against the harmful effects caused by environmental HS on growing rabbits. Rabbits were allotted in four experimental groups (25 animals in each group) and fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0.0 (AOS0), 50 (AOS50), 100 (AOS100), and 150 (AOS150) mg AOS/kg diet reared under summer conditions. Dietary AOS supplementation improved significantly (P ≤ 0.001) feed conversion rate, while both AOS100 and AOS150 significantly (P ≤ 0.001) enhanced the final body weight and body weight gain. All AOS addition significantly increased nitric oxide and lysosome activity and significantly reduced interferon-gamma (IFNγ) compared with those in the control group. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase and protein carbonyl levels were significantly reduced in rabbits fed diets containing AOS (100 and 150 mg/kg) compared with those in the control group under heat stress conditions. In addition, glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) improved with increasing AOS dietary levels compared with the control group. Still, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), eosinophils, and lymphocytes did not change. Erythrocyte's indices improved significantly (P ≤ 0.001), while neutrophils and white blood cell counts were decreased by dietary AOS inclusion. Immunological (IgM and IgG) were markedly reduced in AOS-treated groups compared with the control group. The current investigation exemplified that AOS as a novel bio-feed additive that could be an effective strategy to extenuate prejudicial effects in heat-stressed rabbits via enhancing immunity, and antioxidant defence system, further regulating the inflammation cytokines.Universidad King Saud, Riad, Arabia Saudita | Ref. RSP2023R439Universidade de Vigo/CISU
Foundations of self-consistent particle-rotor models and of self-consistent cranking models
The Kerman-Klein formulation of the equations of motion for a nuclear shell
model and its associated variational principle are reviewed briefly. It is then
applied to the derivation of the self-consistent particle-rotor model and of
the self-consistent cranking model, for both axially symmetric and triaxial
nuclei. Two derivations of the particle-rotor model are given. One of these is
of a form that lends itself to an expansion of the result in powers of the
ratio of single-particle angular momentum to collective angular momentum, that
is essentual to reach the cranking limit. The derivation also requires a
distinct, angular-momentum violating, step. The structure of the result implies
the possibility of tilted-axis cranking for the axial case and full
three-dimensional cranking for the triaxial one. The final equations remain
number conserving. In an appendix, the Kerman-Klein method is developed in more
detail, and the outlines of several algorithms for obtaining solutions of the
associated non-linear formalism are suggested.Comment: 29 page
Superdeformed rotational bands in the Mercury region; A Cranked Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov study
A study of rotational properties of the ground superdeformed bands in \Hg{0},
\Hg{2}, \Hg{4}, and \Pb{4} is presented. We use the cranked
Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method with the {\skm} parametrization of the Skyrme
force in the particle-hole channel and a seniority interaction in the pairing
channel. An approximate particle number projection is performed by means of the
Lipkin-Nogami prescription. We analyze the proton and neutron quasiparticle
routhians in connection with the present information on about thirty presently
observed superdeformed bands in nuclei close neighbours of \Hg{2}.Comment: 26 LaTeX pages, 14 uuencoded postscript figures included, Preprint
IPN-TH 93-6
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