“Нej kolęda, kolęda…” przekształcenia tożsamości kulturoworeligijnej w mieście na przykładzie pastorałki («Гей, Коляда, Коляда…» трансформація культурно-релігійної ідентичності в місті на прикладі пасторалі)

The relations between religious (family, spatial or individual) and town in not simple. The progressive commercialization causes that pastorals that have been analyzed in the present article, loose their religious meaning. For example, we can meet the carols in advertising of coffee. The transformations concern the meaning of symbols in pastorals and their usage. (Відношення між релігією (родинною, просторовою або індивідуальною) та містом непрості. Прогресивна комерціалізація зумовлює, що пасторалі, які проаналізовані в статті, втрачають їх релігійне значення. Наприклад, ми зустрічаємо колядки в рекламі кави. Ця трансформація стосується значення символів у пасторалі та їх використання.

Obchody swieta bozego narodzenia w miesci (The Celebration of Christmas in the City)

Свято Різдва в більшості у нас асоціюється з ялинкою, теплом домашнього вогнища та близькістю. Спільні приготування єднають родину і творять можливість передачі культурних традицій. Цей ідеальний образ піддається змінам. У сучасному місті Різдвяні свята втрачаються свій традиційний вигляд і починають піддаватися впливу консюмеризму. Мешканець великого агломерату піддається впливу, наприклад, Інтернету, реклами чи магазинних виставок. (Christmas most of us associate August Christmas tree, the warmth of hearth and closeness. Joint preparation merge and form a family to transfer cultural traditions. This idealistic picture is, however, changed. In the modern town of Christmas lose its traditional post and begin to undergo progressive konsumcjonizmowi. A resident of a large agglomeration is influenced by eg. Internet advertisements or window-shopping.

Centrosymmetric molecules as possible carriers of diffuse interstellar bands

In this paper, we present new data with interstellar C2 (Phillips bands A-X), from observations made with the Ultraviolet-Visual Echelle Spectrograph of the European Southern Observatory. We have determined the interstellar column densities and excitation temperatures of C2 for nine Galactic lines. For seven of these, C2 has never been observed before, so in this case the still small sample of interstellar clouds (26 lines of sight), where a detailed analysis of C2 excitation has been made, has increased significantly. This paper is a continuation of previous works where interstellar molecules (C2 and diffuse interstellar bands) have been analysed. Because the sample of interstellar clouds with C2 has increased, we can show that the width and shape of the profiles of some diffuse interstellar bands (6196 and 5797 A) apparently depend on the gas kinetic and rotational temperatures of C2; the profiles are broader because of the higher values of the gas kinetic and rotational temperatures of C2. There are also diffuse interstellar bands (4964 and 5850 A) for which this effect does not exist.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted to MNRAS 201

Nonuniqueness of gravity-induced fermion interaction in the Einstein-Cartan theory

The problem of nonuniqueness of minimal coupling procedure for Einstein--Cartan (EC) gravity with matter is investigated. It is shown that the predictions of the theory of gravity with fermionic matter can radically change if the freedom of addition of a divergence to the flat space matter Lagrangean density is exploited. The well--known gravity induced four--fermion interaction is shown to reveal unexpected features. The solution to the problem of nonuniqueness of minimal coupling of EC gravity is argued to be necessary in order for the theory to produce definite predictions. In particular, the EC theory with fermions is shown to be indistinguishable from usual General Relativity on the effective level, if the flat space fermionic Lagrangean is appropriately chosen. Hence, the solution to the problem of nonuniqueness of minimal coupling procedure is argued to be necessary if EC theory is to be experimentally verifiable. It could also enable experimental tests of theories based on EC, such as loop approach to quantisation of gravitational field. Some ideas of how the arbitrariness incorporated in EC theory could be restricted or even eliminated are presented.Comment: 13 pages, references added, more exhaustive explanations given, typos correcte

Thermal Wave Measurements with a Mirage Detection for Investigation of Thermal Diffusivity of GdCa4O(BO3)3 Single Crystals

Single crystals of GdCa4O(BO3)3 were examined to determine their thermal properties. Samples were grown by the Czochralski pulling technique. There were three types of samples: a pure crystal, the crystal doped with neodymium (4 at.% of Nd), and the third one doped with ytterbium (7 at.% of Yb). All samples were rectangular prisms with edges parallel to the axes of the optical indicatrix X, Y , Z (principal axes). The thermal diffusivity was determined by means of the thermal wave method with the optical detection of the temperature disturbance based on a mirage effect. Experimental results showed anisotropy of the thermal diffusivity. The thermal diffusivity along Y direction has the highest value while values obtained in X and Z axes are much lower. Dopants cause decrease in the thermal diffusivity for all investigated directions

Direction-sensitive graphene flow sensor

Graphene flow sensors hold great prospects for applications, but also encounter many difficulties, such as unwanted electrochemical phenomena, low measurable signal and limited dependence on the flow direction. This study proposes a novel approach allowing for the detection of a flow direction-dependent electric signal in aqueous solutions of salts, acids and bases. The key element in the proposed solution is the use of a reference electrode which allows external gating of the graphene structure. Using external gating enables to enhance substantially the amplitude of the flow-generated signal. Simultaneous measurement of the reference electrode current allows us to recover a flow-direction-sensitive component of the flow-induced voltage in graphene. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the Coulomb interaction and other phenomena which can be present at the interface of graphene with the aqueous solution.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Korzyści z podejmowania regularnej aktywności fizycznej przez osoby starsze = The benefits of regular physical activity for the elderly

Kaźmierczak U., Radzimińska A., Dzierżanowski M., Bułatowicz I., Strojek K., Srokowski G., Zukow W. Korzyści z podejmowania regularnej aktywności fizycznej przez osoby starsze = The benefits of regular physical activity for the elderly. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(1):56-68. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13935http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%281%29%3A56-68https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/524287http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13935Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.06.2014. Revised 05.10.2014. Accepted: 25.12.2014. Korzyści z podejmowania regularnej aktywności fizycznej przez osoby starszeThe benefits of regular physical activity for the elderly Kaźmierczak U.¹, Radzimińska A.¹, Dzierżanowski M.², Bułatowicz I.¹, Strojek K.¹, Srokowski G.¹, Zukow W.³ Katedra Fizjoterapii CM UMK w Toruniu1Zakład Kinezyterapii i Masażu Leczniczego UMK CM w Toruniu²Zakład Terapii Manualnej UMK CM w Toruniu3Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Słowa kluczowe: regularna aktywność fizyczna, osoby starsze. Keywords: regular physical activity, elderly. AbstraktW państwach rozwiniętych i rozwijających się coraz większą grupę społeczeństw stanowią seniorzy.Świadomość problemu spowodowała podjęcie powszechnej dyskusji ekspertów i praktyków z dziedzin medycznych na temat konieczności działań niezbędnych dla zapewnienia społeczeństwom pomyślnej starości.Od dawna wskazuje się, że brak aktywności ruchowej jest dla zdrowia niebezpieczny.Starzeniu się układu sercowo-naczyniowego towarzyszy dużo niekorzystnych zmian strukturalnych, czynnościowych i biochemicznych. Za typowe dla tego okresu zmiany uważa się osłabienie możliwości relaksacji włókien mięśniowych, co może być przyczyną rozkurczowej niewydolności serca.Trening zdrowotny – jest rodzajem aktywności fizycznej wykonywanej z powodów medycznych. Celem jest uzyskanie efektów fizycznych oraz psychicznych przeciwdziałających zmniejszaniu się zdolności adaptacyjnych organizmu.Eksperci przekonują osoby starsze o korzyściach płynących z aktywnego fizycznie stylu życia. Bogate piśmiennictwo poruszające tematykę medycznych aspektów procesu starzenia, mówi o niezaprzeczalnym znaczeniu ruchu dla toczących się w ludzkim ciele procesów inwolucyjnych. Aktywność fizyczna odpowiednio dozowana jest w stanie wyraźnie zmniejszyć negatywny wpływ tych zmian i jak najdłużej pozwolić utrzymać zdrowie fizyczne, psychiczne i społeczne. Zauważono, że systematycznie dozowany wysiłek fizyczny zmniejsza ryzyko wystąpienia wielu chorób np. cukrzycy, miażdżycy, choroby niedokrwiennej serca.Liczne badania naukowe i bogate piśmiennictwo gerontologiczne przedstawiają najnowsze doniesienia specjalistów o tym, jak należy prawidłowo przygotować i prowadzić trening fizyczny z osobami starszymi. Ludzki organizm zaczyna starzeć się około 20-25 roku życia. Zmiany dotyczą wszystkich układów ciała. Najbardziej odczuwalne w życiu codziennym są te, które zachodzą w układzie krążeniowo-oddechowym i mięśniowo-szkieletowym. Trening fizyczny dla osoby starszej, aby był skuteczny i bezpieczny, powinien być skonstruowany i nadzorowany przez specjalistę. AbstractIn developed and developing countries an increasing group of societies are seniors. Awareness of the problem has led to widespread discussion of experts and practitioners from the fields of medical devices on the need for the measures necessary to ensure that societies successful old age. For a long time, indicates that the lack of motor activity is dangerous to health. Aging of the cardiovascular system is accompanied by a lot of adverse structural changes and biochemical function.For typical of this period of change is believed to be weakening the possibility of relaxation of the muscle fibers, which may cause diastolic heart failure. Training of health-is a type of physical activity performed for medical reasons. The goal is to get mental and physical effects against reducing the adaptability of the body. Experts are finding older people about the benefits of a physically active lifestyle. Rich writing evocative theme of medical aspects of the aging process, speaks of undeniable importance for traffic in human flesh involutional processes. Physical activity appropriately dosed is able to clearly reduce the negative impact of these changes and as long as you can afford to maintain the physical, mental and social health. It was noted that systematically dosed exercise reduces the risk of many diseases, eg. diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease.Numerous scientific studies and extensive external links gerontologiczne submit the latest reports of professionals about how to properly prepare and conduct physical training with the elderly. The human body begins to age about 20-25 years of age. The changes apply to all body systems. Most felt in everyday life are the ones that occur in the breathing cardiopulmonary and musculo-skeletal. Physical training for older persons, in order to be effective and safe, should be designed and supervised by a specialist

Behaviour of domestic rabbits during 2 weeks after weaning

Thirty three rabbits from five litters that were weaned at the age of 5 weeks were observed. The animals were kept in pens that were enriched with an elevation made of bricks. In total, 150&thinsp;h of observations made at feeding time (07:30–10:00 and 18:00–20:30&thinsp;LT, local time) were analysed. A number of affiliative, exploratory, comfort, eating, resting and locomotor behaviours were observed. Agonistic behaviour was not observed. Rabbits showed companion and location preferences: 56&thinsp;% of animals had a preferred companion, and 84&thinsp;% preferred a particular place in the pen. Significant effects of group size and time of day on the frequency of some forms of behaviour were found, e.g. rabbits performed comfort behaviours more often in the morning. Sex did not influence the rabbits' behaviour. Correlations were also found between different forms of behaviour, e.g. animals that performed more exploratory behaviours also showed more locomotor behaviours and affiliative interactions.</p

Abundances and rotational temperatures of the C2 interstellar molecule towards six reddened early-type stars

Using high-resolution (~85000) and high signal-to-noise ratio (~200) optical spectra acquired with the European Southern Observatory Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph, we have determined the interstellar column densities of C2 for six Galactic lines of sight with E(B- V) ranging from 0.33 to 1.03. For our purposes, we identified and measured absorption lines belonging to the (1, 0), (2, 0) and (3, 0) Phillips bands A1{\Pi}u-X1{\Sigma}+g. We report on the identification of a few lines of the C2 (4, 0) Phillips system towards HD 147889. The curve-of-growth method is applied to the equivalent widths to determine the column densities of the individual rotational levels of C2. The excitation temperature is extracted from the rotational diagrams. The physical parameters of the intervening molecular clouds (e.g. gas kinetic temperatures and densities of collision partners) were estimated by comparison with the theoretical model of excitation of C2.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS 201