629 research outputs found
The European Flood Alert System – Part 1: Concept and development
International audienceThis paper presents the development of the European Flood Alert System (EFAS), which aims at increasing preparedness for floods in trans-national European river basins by providing local water authorities with medium-range and probabilistic flood forecasting information 3 to 10 days in advance. The EFAS research project started in 2003 with the development of a prototype at the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), in close collaboration with the national hydrological and meteorological services. The prototype covers the whole of Europe on a 5 km grid. In parallel, different high-resolution data sets have been collected for the Elbe and Danube river basins, allowing the potential of the system under optimum conditions and on a higher resolution, to be assessed. Flood warning lead-times of 3–10 days are achieved through the incorporation of medium-range weather forecasts from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), comprising a full set of 51 probabilistic forecasts from the Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) provided by ECMWF. The ensemble of different hydrographs is analysed and combined to produce early flood warning information, which is disseminated to the hydrological services that have agreed to participate in the development of the system. In Part 1 of this paper, the scientific approach adopted in development of the system is presented. The rational of the project, the system's set-up, its underlying components, basic principles, and products, are described. In Part 2, results of a detailed statistical analysis of the performance of the system are shown, with regard to both probabilistic and deterministic forecast
Scaling Cosmologies of N=8 Gauged Supergravity
We construct exact cosmological scaling solutions in N=8 gauged supergravity.
We restrict to solutions for which the scalar fields trace out geodesic curves
on the scalar manifold. Under these restrictions it is shown that the axionic
scalars are necessarily constant. The potential is then a sum of exponentials
and has a very specific form that allows for scaling solutions. The scaling
solutions describe eternal accelerating and decelerating power-law universes,
which are all unstable. An uplift of the solutions to 11-dimensional
supergravity is carried out and the resulting timedependent geometries are
discussed. In the discussion we briefly comment on the fact that N=2 gauged
supergravity allows stable scaling solutions.Comment: 17 pages; referenced added, reportnr changed and some corrections in
section
A machine learning based approach to gravitational lens identification with the International LOFAR Telescope
We present a novel machine learning based approach for detecting galaxy-scale gravitational lenses from interferometric data, specifically those taken with the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT), which is observing the northern radio sky at a frequency of 150 MHz, an angular resolution of 350 mas and a sensitivity of 90 µJy beam−1 (1σ). We develop and test several Convolutional Neural Networks to determine the probability and uncertainty of a given sample being classified as a lensed or non-lensed event. By training and testing on a simulated interferometric imaging data set that includes realistic lensed and non-lensed radio sources, we find that it is possible to recover 95.3 per cent of the lensed samples (true positive rate), with a contamination of just 0.008 per cent from non-lensed samples (false positive rate). Taking the expected lensing probability into account results in a predicted sample purity for lensed events of 92.2 per cent. We find that the network structure is most robust when the maximum image separation between the lensed images is ≥3 times the synthesized beam size, and the lensed images have a total flux density that is equivalent to at least a 20σ (point-source) detection. For the ILT, this corresponds to a lens sample with Einstein radii ≥0.5 arcsec and a radio source population with 150 MHz flux densities ≥2 mJy. By applying these criteria and our lens detection algorithm we expect to discover the vast majority of galaxy-scale gravitational lens systems contained within the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey
Charting the landscape of N=4 flux compactifications
We analyse the vacuum structure of isotropic Z_2 x Z_2 flux
compactifications, allowing for a single set of sources. Combining algebraic
geometry with supergravity techniques, we are able to classify all vacua for
both type IIA and IIB backgrounds with arbitrary gauge and geometric fluxes.
Surprisingly, geometric IIA compactifications lead to a unique theory with four
different vacua. In this case we also perform the general analysis allowing for
sources compatible with minimal supersymmetry. Moreover, some relevant examples
of type IIB non-geometric compactifications are studied. The computation of the
full N=4 mass spectrum reveals the presence of a number of non-supersymmetric
and nevertheless stable AdS_4 vacua. In addition we find a novel dS_4 solution
based on a non-semisimple gauging.Comment: Minor corrections and references added. Version published in JHE
Critical points of maximal D=8 gauged supergravities
We study the general deformations of maximal eight-dimensional supergravity
by using the embedding tensor approach. The scalar potential induced by these
gaugings is determined. Subsequently, by combining duality covariance arguments
and algebraic geometry techniques, we find the complete set of critical points
of the scalar potential. Remarkably, up to SO(2) X SO(3) rotations there turns
out to be a unique theory admitting extrema. The gauge group of the theory is
CSO(2,0,1).Comment: 14 pages. v2: minor changes - published versio
`Stringy' Newton-Cartan Gravity
We construct a "stringy" version of Newton-Cartan gravity in which the
concept of a Galilean observer plays a central role. We present both the
geodesic equations of motion for a fundamental string and the bulk equations of
motion in terms of a gravitational potential which is a symmetric tensor with
respect to the longitudinal directions of the string. The extension to include
a non-zero cosmological constant is given. We stress the symmetries and
(partial) gaugings underlying our construction. Our results provide a
convenient starting point to investigate applications of the AdS/CFT
correspondence based on the non-relativistic "stringy" Galilei algebra.Comment: 44 page
Stable de Sitter vacua in N=2, D=5 supergravity
We find 5D gauged supergravity theories exhibiting stable de Sitter vacua.
These are the first examples of stable de Sitter vacua in higher-dimensional
(D>4) supergravity. Non-compact gaugings with tensor multiplets and R-symmetry
gauging seem to be the essential ingredients in these models. They are however
not sufficient to guarantee stable de Sitter vacua, as we show by investigating
several other models. The qualitative behaviour of the potential also seems to
depend crucially on the geometry of the scalar manifold.Comment: 26 pages, v2:typos corrected, published versio
Gauged N=4 supergravities
We present the gauged N=4 (half-maximal) supergravities in four and five
spacetime dimensions coupled to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets. The
gaugings are parameterized by a set of appropriately constrained constant
tensors, which transform covariantly under the global symmetry groups SL(2) x
SO(6,n) and SO(1,1) x SO(5,n), respectively. In terms of these tensors the
universal Lagrangian and the Killing Spinor equations are given. The known
gaugings, in particular those originating from flux compactifications, are
incorporated in the formulation, but also new classes of gaugings are found.
Finally, we present the embedding chain of the five dimensional into the four
dimensional into the three dimensional gaugings, thereby showing how the
deformation parameters organize under the respectively larger duality groups.Comment: 36 pages, v2: references added, comments added, v3: published
version, references added, typos corrected, v4: sign mistakes in footnote 4
and equation (2.13) correcte
Intersections involving waves and monopoles in eleven dimensions
We consider intersections in eleven dimensions involving Kaluza-Klein
monopoles and Brinkmann waves. Besides these purely gravitational
configurations we also construct solutions to the equations of motion that
involve additional M2- and M5-branes. The maximal number of independent objects
in these intersections is nine, and such maximal configurations, when reduced
to two dimensions, give rise to a 0-brane solution with dilaton coupling
a=-4/9.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure, minor corrections, version to appear in
Classical and Quantum Gravit
Private Justice in the Domain of Family Law: The Place of Family Group Conferences Within the Range of ADR Methods
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