Spatial vulnerability assessments of rural households to climate change in Nigeria: Towards evidence-based adaptation policies

The ability to identify and understand the extent of vulnerability to climate change is an essential pre-requisite for reducing climate change impacts. This is because a reasonable starting point for any climate adaptation process is to assess the vulnerability of the target community or stakeholders. Consequently, the study assesses the spatial patterns of vulnerability to climate change in Nigeria in order to provide empirical evidence necessary for climate change adaptation policies and strategies in the country. The data for the research were obtained from Annual Abstract of Statistics 2009, General Household Survey 2006 and the Nigerian Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Survey (CWIQ) 2006. An integrated assessment approach was employed to analyse vulnerability of rural households’ data comprising socio-economic and biophysical indicators aggregated at state levels. The results show that rural households in the northern states are more vulnerable because of greater exposure to climate induced environmental hazards and low adaptive capacity which results from poor local economies, inadequate healthcare and education systems and poor infrastructure. Based on the results of the assessment, measures to prioritise and target the vulnerable states for appropriate climate change adaptation within the context of sustainable rural development were suggested

Politeness Strategies In Drumline Movie

Keywords: politeness strategies, movie, DrumlinePoliteness strategies use in communication between speaker and hearer has power tomaintain relationship, and decrease the threatening face and message that happens during the interaction. That became the point of departure in this study, in which politeness strategies were used to analyze the characters' relationship development in a Drumline movie. The purpose of this study were (1) to identify type of negative and positive politeness strategies used by the character for the communication, and (2) to find out characters' relationship development influenced by the politeness strategies.To answer those questions, Brown & Levinson's politeness strategies were used as thetheoretical framework, and the research design was descriptive qualitative. Data collection was done through watching movie, classifying politeness strategies, and analyzing the classification.The result showed the Drumline's characters tend to use negative politeness ratherthan the positive. It reveals that there were 28 data containing politeness strategies, they are 20 negative politeness strategies and 8 positive politeness strategies. At the beginning the characters mostly use positive politeness as introduction or as a socialization starting point, then they frequently use negative politeness strategy to maintain their relationship and it also triggers the character relationship development.This research is expected to contribute to the body of knowledge related to theapplication of Brown & Levinson's politeness strategy which is used in the movie. It isalso suggested that the next researchers who want to conduct research in politeness strategy use other types of theory for example Leech or Folley, and apply it to other object of the study such as speech, novel, short story, etc. Thus, there will be more variation and knowledge sources related to politeness strategy

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Kepuasan Kerja, Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Di Hotel Novotel Surabaya

One of the problems faced by the nation's national Indonesia is handling the low quality of human resources (employees). Organizations that have employees with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is good, will have a better performance than other organizations. In this study researchers surveyed employees of Hotel Novotel. Novotel is one of the strategic- placed hotels in Surabaya. Population and sample are employees of Hotel Novotel Surabaya amounted to 108 people with a saturated sample method. For data analysis processing, used multiple linear regression analysis method. F test results indicate the significance of 0000 (Fhitung = 18 906> F table = 2.6919), which means that the factor of transformational leadership, job satisfaction and organizational commitment simultaneously significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Adjusted R Square shows the value of 0334, which means that the independent variables influence for 33.4% of the Organizational Citizenship Behavior at Hotel Novotel Surabaya. While the t-test results indicate the significance of each 0000 (Transformational Leadership, thitung = 4037> ttable = 2274), 0000 (Job Satisfaction ,thitung = 4554> ttable = 2274), and 0011 (Organizational Commitment, thitung = 2592> ttable = 2274), which means the three independent variables significantly influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Dominant variable in this case is the variable of job satisfaction, which has the effect of 4.554. Results from the study showed a significant effect of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment both simultaneously and partially on Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

India's largest Fisheries Research Body Turns 70- CMFRI's Legacy and Few Recent Achievements

The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), currently celebrating its platinum jubilee year of formation, was established as a Marine Fisheries Research Station on 3'“' February 1947 in Madras. The institute later joined Indian Council of Agricultural Research, (ICAR) family in 1967 and started functioning as a premier research establishment to undertake marine fisheries research in the country. Apart from the estimation of marine fish landings, its valuation and taxonomic studies, the research activities of CMFRI are diversified to a variety of niche areas such as sea farming and coastal mariculture, development of hatchery technologies for commercially viable marine fish species, cage farming, biotechnological applications of marine resources, biodiversity studies, development of sustainable ecosystem management interventions, policy studies and so on. Apart from the Headquarters, the ICAR-CMFRI has 11 Regional Research Centres located at Mandapam Camp, Visakhapatnam, Veraval, Mumbai, Chennai. Calicut, Karwar, Tuticorin, Vizhinjam, Mangalore and Digha (newly established during the 70"' year), in addition to fifteen field centres throughout the coastal belts of the country and 1 KVK at Njarakkal, Ernakulam. The CMFRI team presently comprises of 154 scientists and over 600 other staff working at the CMFRI in as many as 10 research divisions

Supporting the Livelihood of four million fisher folk in Indian marine fisheries - ICAR-CMFRl's recent initiatives

Indian marine fisheries sector is still generating the bulk of its production from the wild capture fisheries leading to employment for nearly four million people, comprising of 8.64 lakh fishermen families dwelling in 3,288 fishing villages along the east and west coasts of the peninsular India. In an earlier study by ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), we could infer that about 611% of coastal fisherfolk were engaged in fishing and allied activities, of which about 38% were active fishermen

Physical Fitness among School Children: Review of Empirical Studies and Implications for Physical and Health Education

A systematic review of the literature was conducted to synthesize the recent available data on physical fitness among school children, so as to suggest implications of the studies’ findings for Physical and Health Education. Systematic searches of electronic databases and reference lists identified fifteen peer-reviewed studies on the subject matter meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies were reviewed in terms of aim, study design, population and sample, assessment tools, measures, and fitness outcomes. Based on the studies’ findings, implications for Physical and Health Education programmes in school are suggested. These include among others that since physical fitness scores of the boys are lower than those of girls, primary school PHE curriculum planners are challenged to re-examine the PHE curriculum so as to include activities that might aid primary school pupils improve on their strength and endurance, among others, in the PHE programme. Interventions to promote physical fitness should not only consider gender and age of schoolchildren, but also selected socio-demographic and behavioural factors, especially socioeconomic class and leisure activities. The need to stress physical fitness or physical training as an important objective of the educational programme in order to develop an appreciable level of physical fitness in the present day school children is also recommended. Keywords: physical fitmess, school, children, review, empirical studie