Concorrência tributária entre regiões da Rússia e seus indicadores

The article focuses on approaches to assessing the competitive advantages of regions of Russia in the area of taxation, the main approaches to the definition of tax competition at the present stage used in the scientific literature, are considered; emphasis on the influence of internal tax competition on social and economic development of the regions; the possibilities of using a number of quantitative and qualitative indicators to assess the competitive advantages of the regions in the area of taxation are summarized; ranking of the regions of Russia by using tax authorities to provide tax benefits of corporate income tax paid to the budget of the Russian Federation constituent, was performed; the conclusion about the relationship of investment activity and the availability of competitive advantages in the area of taxation was made; the development problems of the regional competitive advantages in the area of taxation and prospects for their solution are described.El artículo se centra en los enfoques para evaluar las ventajas competitivas de las regiones de Rusia en el área de la tributación, se consideran los principales enfoques para la definición de competencia fiscal en la etapa actual utilizados en la literatura científica; énfasis en la influencia de la competencia fiscal interna sobre el desarrollo social y económico de las regiones; se resumen las posibilidades de utilizar una serie de indicadores cuantitativos y cualitativos para evaluar las ventajas competitivas de las regiones en el área de la tributación; clasificación de las regiones de Rusia mediante el uso de las autoridades fiscales para proporcionar los beneficios fiscales del impuesto sobre la renta corporativo pagado al presupuesto del constituyente de la Federación de Rusia; se llegó a la conclusión sobre la relación de la actividad inversora y la disponibilidad de ventajas competitivas en el área de tributación; se describen los problemas de desarrollo de las ventajas competitivas regionales en el área de impuestos y las perspectivas para su solución. O artigo enfoca as abordagens para avaliar as vantagens competitivas das regiões russas na área de tributação, considerando as principais abordagens para a definição de concorrência tributária no atual estágio utilizado na literatura científica; ênfase na influência da concorrência fiscal interna no desenvolvimento social e econômico das regiões; as possibilidades de utilizar uma série de indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos para avaliar as vantagens competitivas das regiões na área de tributação são resumidas; classificação das regiões da Rússia, usando as autoridades fiscais para fornecer os benefíciosfiscais do imposto de renda corporativo pago ao orçamento do constituinte da Federação Russa; chegouse à conclusão sobre a relação entre a atividade de investimento e a disponibilidade de vantagens competitivas na área de tributação; São descritos os problemas de desenvolvimento de vantagenscompetitivas regionais na área tributária e as perspectivas de sua solução

National gender policy in public education in the russian empire in the latter half of the 19th - Early 20th centuries

© 2016 Saifullova et al.This article presents the national gender policy in public education in the Russian Empire in the latter half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. In the course of work the authors have used special historical research methods enabling to hammer out the facts and to approach historical sources from a critical standpoint. The comparative method allowed the authors to compare statistical data of different periods and to determine the law of development of the educational system and teaching evolution. The structural method enabled to set forth the school system in the Russian Empire and to establish existing links between different school types. The method of historical retrospection served as a requisite for an objective evaluation of public education and position of a teacher. The research is based upon archive materials, statistical data, legal acts and periodicals resulting in deep analysis of public education, assessment of teachers’ position and detection of gender approach in the educational process. For the purpose of this research, the authors have compared the educational process in Vyatka Governorate and modern schools. Along with it, great attention was paid to the study of the teaching staff at those schools and gender peculiarities at selection of teachers. As a comparison, the authors have presented information on implementation of gender principles at selection of the teaching staff at European schools in the latter half of the 19th – early 20th centuries demonstrating that gender education in the Russian Empire was not peculiar only to Russian schools. In the course of work, the authors arrived at the conclusion that principles of gender education had been implemented at schools of the Russian Empire and are implemented at modern schools. At that, differences between schools of the periods under survey they connect to differences for educational purposes

The catalytic effects of carbonate minerals on characteristics of heavy oil in hydrothermal reactions

© 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Hydrothermal influences on heavy oil were simulated in laboratory conditions. The experimental model was composed of oil, calcite, dolomite, and manganese oxide. Oil to dominant mineral ratio was 1:1, where the content of manganese oxide was 5%. The hydrothermal reactions were carried out under the reservoir temperatures of 250–300°С and a pressure of 1–2 MPa. As a result of treatment, aromaticity of oil increased, while H:C ratio decreased from 1.92 to 1.61. The structures of newly formed light fractions were characterized by low molecular aromatic compounds, which were the destruction products of resins. The treatment provided removal of nitrogen and sulfur from crude oil, hence, decreasing the viscosity of products. The genotype of crude oil did not change. The quantitative changes in the ratio of isoprenoid alkanes to the linear ones were evaluated via geochemical coefficients of group composition

The acid-base properties and the complexation of tributyl [aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid)] in aqueous solution

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.The acid-base and complexing properties of tributyl [aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid)] (H3L) with divalent metals were investigated in aqueous solution via the potentiometric titration method. The formation of 1:1 species partially protonated [MH2L] and totally deprotonated [ML−] as well as hydroxo species [M(OH)L2−] has been established

Occupational Safety Culture

В данной статье поднимается актуальная проблема культуры безопасности труда. Даются определения двум взаимосвязанным понятиям: охрана труда и культура охраны труда. Приводится краткая история появления концепции культуры безопасности труда. В работе говорится о современном состоянии общества и качестве охраны труда, а также о перспективах развития данного направления. На основе изученных данных были выявлены 2 составляющие культуры безопасности труда, методы и способы ее внедрения и реализации в современные предприятия.This article raises the actual pr oblem of occupational safety culture. Definitions of two interrelated concepts are given: occupational health and safety culture. A brief history of the emergence of the concept of occupational safety culture is given. The paper deals with the current stat e of society and the quality of labor protection, as well as the prospects for the development of this area. On the basis of the studied data, 2 components of the occupational safety culture, methods and methods of its implementation and implementation in modern enterprises were identified

Canine leishmaniosis and its relationship to human visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Uzbekistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Namangan Region in the Pap District, located in Eastern Uzbekistan is the main focus of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Uzbekistan. In total, 28 cases of human VL were registered during 2006-2008 in this region. A study on the epidemiology of VL in this area was carried out in 2007-2008 in the villages of Chodak, Oltinkan, Gulistan and Chorkesar located at elevations of 900-1200 above sea level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 162 dogs were tested for <it>Leishmania </it>infection. Blood was drawn for serology and PCR. When clinical signs of the disease were present, aspirates from lymph nodes and the spleen were taken. Forty-two dogs (25.9%) had clinical signs suggestive of VL and 51 (31.5%) were sero-positive. ITS-1 PCR was performed for 135 dogs using blood and tissue samples and 40 (29.6%) of them were PCR-positive. Leishmanial parasites were cultured from lymph node or spleen aspirates from 10 dogs.</p> <p>Eight <it>Leishmania </it>strains isolated from dogs were typed by multi-locus microsatellite typing (MLMT) and by multilocus enzyme electrophoretic analysis (MLEE), using a 15 enzyme system. These analyses revealed that the strains belong to the most common zymodeme of <it>L. infantum</it>, i.e., MON-1, and form a unique group when compared to MON-1 strains from other geographical regions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The data obtained through this study confirm the existence of an active focus of VL in the Namangan region of Uzbekistan. The fact that <it>L. infantum </it>was the causative agent of canine infection with typical clinical signs, and also of human infection affecting only infants, suggests that a zoonotic form of VL similar in epidemiology to Mediterranean VL is present in Uzbekistan.</p

Noise-induced intermittency and transition to chaos in the neuron Rulkov model

A discrete neuron model proposed by Rulkov is studied. In the deterministic version, this system simulates different modes of neural activity, such as quiescence, tonic and chaotic spiking. In the presence of random disturbances, another important mode of bursting characterized by the alternation of quiescence and excitement regimes can be observed. We study the probabilistic mechanisms of noise-induced transitions from quiescence to bursting in the zone of the tangent bifurcation. It is shown that such transitions are accompanied by a transformation of the system dynamics from regular to chaotic. For the analysis of these bifurcation phenomena, the stochastic sensitivity functions technique and method of confidence intervals are used

ДИНАМИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ РИГИДНОСТИ СТЕНКИ ОБЩЕЙ СОННОЙ АРТЕРИИ НА ФОНЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ОТТОРЖЕНИЯ ТРАНСПЛАНТИРОВАННОГО СЕРДЦА

In cardiac recipients non-invasive monitoring will identify the risk of acute rejection, as well as reduce the number of routine biopsies. The relation between the development of the transplanted heart rejection and the change of elastic properties of common carotid artery has been proved. Aim: to analyze dynamics of iRIG in treatment of graft rejection in heart recipients.Materials and methods. 59 heart recipients were examined: 21 patients (pts)without rejection, 20 pts – with rejection after 1st biopsy, 15 pts – with rejection after 1st and 2 biopsies, 3 pts – with persistent rejection after all biopsies. iRIG was estimated using empirical equation.Results. Dynamics of iRIG in pts. without rejection according to all biopsies over time was not signifi cantly changed 6280 ± 2143, 6083 ± 2388, 6362 ± 1984 and 6188 ± 3012 cm/sec2 (p = 0.11, p = 0.13, p = 0.17 between the 1st and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th values, respectively). In pts. with rejection iRIG decreased during treatment, but was signifi cantly higher even after successful treatment. In patients with persistent rejection iRIG did not decrease and tended to increase (17 459 ± 9702 cm/sec2 on the results of the 1st biopsy to 21 305 ± 10 448 cm/sec2 on the results of the 4th biopsy).Conclusions. In patients with heart transplant iRIG does not change signifi cantly with the time after transplantation. iRIG increases in all types of rejection, followed by its decrease in the course of therapy; in patients with persistent rejection iRIG remains high. Evaluation of iRIG can be used for non-invasive monitoring of patients after heart transplantations (HTx) and to identify patients at high risk of transplant rejection.Введение. У пациентов с трансплантированным сердцем неинвазивные методы мониторинга позволят выявлять риск возникновения острого отторжения трансплантата, а также сократить количество плановых биопсий. Доказана связь с развитием отторжения трансплантированного сердца и изменением упруго-эластических свойств общей сонной артерии (ОСА).Цель исследования. Изучить динамику показателя ригидности (iRIG) ОСА у пациентов после трансплантации сердца (ТС) на фоне лечения отторжения трансплантата. Методы. Обследовано 59 пациентов после трансплантации сердца (ТС). В зависимости от течения отторжения и эффективности лечения по результатам эндомиокардиальной биопсии (ЭМБ) были выделены: пациенты без признаков отторжения (n = 21); реципиенты, у которых признаки отторжения были выявлены по результатам только 1-й ЭМБ (n = 20), по результатам 1-й и 2-й ЭМБ (n = 15); пациенты с персистирующим гуморальным отторжением по результатам всех ЭМБ (n = 3). Величину iRIG оценивали по результатам ультразвукового исследования ОСА по эмпирической выведенной формуле.Результаты. Средние значения показателя iRIG ОСА у пациентов без отторжения, по даннымвсех биопсий, с течением времени значимо не изменялись 6280 ± 2143, 6083 ± 2388, 6362 ± 1984 и 6188 ± 3012 см/сек2 (р = 0,11, р = 0,13, р = 0,17 между 1-м и 2-м, 2-м и 3-м, 3-м и 4-м значениями соответственно). У всех пациентов с отторжением показатель iRIG снижался на фоне лечения, но был достоверно выше даже после успешного купирования. У пациентов с персистирующим отторжением величина iRIG ОСА не снижалась и имела тенденцию к повышению (17 459 ± 9702 см/сек2 по результатам 1-й биопсии, до 21 305 ± 10 448 см/сек2 по результатам 4-й биопсии).Выводы. У пациентов с трансплантированным сердцем показатель iRIG ОСА значимо не изменяется с течением времени, прошедшего после ТС. Величина iRIG ОСА повышается при всех типах отторжения, с последующим его снижением на фоне проводимой терапии; у пациентов с персистирующей формой отторжения показатель iRIG остается высоким. Оценкапоказателя iRIG ОСА может быть использована для неинвазивного мониторинга пациентов после ТС и выявления пациентов с высоким риском отторжения трансплантата

Infliximab plus methotrexate is superior to methotrexate alone in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis in methotrexate-naive patients: the RESPOND study

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate with methotrexate alone in methotrexate-naive patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: In this open-label study, patients 18 years and older with active PsA who were naive to methotrexate and not receiving disease-modifying therapy (N=115) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either infliximab (5 mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, 6 and 14 plus methotrexate (15 mg/week); or methotrexate (15 mg/week) alone. The primary assessment was American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response at week 16. Secondary outcome measures included psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) and dactylitis and enthesitis assessments. Results: At week 16, 86.3% of patients receiving infliximab plus methotrexate and 66.7% of those receiving methotrexate alone achieved an ACR20 response (p<0.02). Of patients whose baseline PASI was 2.5 or greater, 97.1% receiving infliximab plus methotrexate compared with 54.3% receiving methotrexate alone experienced a 75% or greater improvement in PASI (p<0.0001). Improvements in C-reactive protein levels, DAS28 response and remission rates, dactylitis, fatigue and morning stiffness duration were also significantly greater in the group receiving infliximab. In the infliximab plus methotrexate group, 46% (26/57) had treatment-related adverse events (AE) and two patients had serious AE, compared with 24% with AE (13/54) and no serious AE in the methotrexate-alone group. Conclusions: Treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate in methotrexate-naive patients with active PsA demonstrated significantly greater ACR20 response rates and PASI75 improvement compared with methotrexate alone and was generally well tolerated. This trial is registered in the US National Institutes of Health clinicaltrials.gov database, identifier NCT00367237

ОТТОРЖЕНИЕ СЕРДЕЧНОГО ТРАНСПЛАНТАТА И НЕИНВАЗИВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ СТЕНКИ ОБЩЕЙ СОННОЙ АРТЕРИИ

Allograft rejection would entail an increase in certain blood biomarkers and active substances derived from activated inflammatory cells which could influence entire vascular endothelial function and deteriorate arterial wall stiffness. We propose that carotid wall functional indices measured with non-invasive ultrasound could we valuable markers of the subclinical cardiac allograft rejection. Aim. Our goal was to analyze the clinical utility of functional common carotid wall (CCW) variables measured with high-resolution Doppler ultrasound as a non-invasive screening tool for allograft rejection in cardiac transplant patients (pts). Methods. One hundred and seventy one pts included 93 cardiac recipients, 30 dilated cardiomyopathy waiting list pts, and 48 stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) pts without decompensated heart failure were included. Along with resistive index (Ri), pulsative index (Pi), and CCW intima-media thickness (IMT), CCW rigidity index (iRIG) was estimated using empirical equation. Non-invasive evaluation was performed in cardiac transplant recipients prior the endomyo- cardial biopsy. Results. Neither of Ri, Pi, or CCW IMT were different in studied subgroups. iRIG was signifi- cantly lower in SCAD pts when compared to the dilated cardiomyopathy subgroup. The later had similar values with cardiac transplant recipients without rejection. Antibody-mediated and cellular rejection were found in 22 (23.7%) and 17 (18.3%) cardiac recipients, respectively. Mean iRIG in pts without rejection was significantly lower in comparison to antibody-mediated rejection and cell-mediated (5514.7 ± 2404.0 vs 11856.1 ± 6643.5 and 16071.9 ± 10029.1 cm/sec2, respectively, p = 0.001). Area under ROC for iRIG was 0.90 ± 0.03 units2. Analysis showed that iRIG values above estimated treshold 7172 cm/sec2 suggested relative risk of any type of rejection 17.7 (95%CI = 6.3–49.9) sensitivity 80.5%, specificity – 81.1%, negative predictive value – 84.3%. Conclusions. Increased carotid wall stiffness is found in patients with both antibody-mediated and cellular car- diac allograft rejection. Non-invasive measurement of carotid artery wall rigidity index with triplex ultrasound is a simple screening tool for risk stratification. Having a functional marker would enable preventive measures to be taken at the early stages. Введение. Отторжение сердечного трансплантата может сопровождаться повышением содержания в крови определенных биомаркеров, которые могут оказывать влияние на эластические свойства сте- нок артерий. Согласно нашей гипотезе, показатели функционального состояния общей сонной арте- рии (ОСА) могут быть использованы в качестве неинвазивных маркеров при скрининге отторжения трансплантированного сердца (ТС). Цель исследования. Изучить возможность применения методов ультрасонографической оценки функционального состояния стенки ОСА для неинвазивного скри- нинга отторжения сердечного трансплантата. Методы. В исследование включен 171 больной, из них 93 реципиента ТС, 30 больных дилятационной кардиомиопатией (ДКМП) с терминальной сердечной недостаточностью (СН) и 48 больных ИБС без декомпенсации СН. При помощи ультрасонографичес- кого исследования у обследуемых больных определялись резистивный индекс (Ri), пульсативный ин- декс (Pi), толщина комплекса интима–медиа (ТИМ) ОСА и индекс ригидности ОСА(iRIG), рассчиты- ваемый по эмпирической формуле. Неинвазивные исследования у пациентов после ТС проводились до выполнения эндомиокардиальной биопсии (ЭМБ). Результаты. Средние значения Ri, Pi и ТИМ ОСА в исследуемых подгруппах не отличались. Значения показателя iRIG у больных ИБС были достоверно ниже, чем у больных ДКМП и реципиентов без признаков отторжения (в последних двух подгруппах достоверных различий не выявлено). Признаки гуморального (ГО) и клеточного отторжения (КО) по результатам ЭМБ были выявлены у 22 (23,7%) и 17 (18,3%) реципиентов соответственно. Средние значения показателя iRIG у реципиентов без отторжения трансплантата были достоверно ниже по сравнению с пациентами с признаками ГО и КО (5514,7 ± 2404,0 против 11856,1 ± 6643,5 и 16071,9 ± 10029,1 см/сек2 соответственно, p = 0,001). Площадь под кривой ROC для показателя iRIG была 0,90 ± 0,03 ед2. Анализ показал, что у лиц со значениями показателя iRIG, превышающими расчетное поро- говое значение 7172 см/сек2, относительный риск выявления отторжения при проведении ЭМБ состав- ляет 17,7 (95% ДИ = 6,3–49,9); чувствительность показателя в качестве неинвазивного маркера оттор- жения составляет 80,5%, специфичность – 81,1%, негативная предсказательная значимость – 84,3%. Выводы. У реципиентов сердечного трансплантата с признаками отторжения повышается ригидность стенки ОСА. Определение значения показателя ригидности ОСА при помощи неинвазивного ультра- сонографического исследования может быть использовано в качестве доступного метода скрининга отторжения ТС.