Photonic Crystal and Photonic Crystal Fibers Communications

The development of all optical communications could benefit from the index guiding photonic crystal fibers. In communication the photonic crystal fibers could provide many new solutions. Conventional optical fibers have within the last decades revolutionized the communications industry and it is today a mature technology being pushed to its limit with respect to properties such as losses, single mode operation and dispersion. The spectra have been used by others to develop optical frequency standards. The process can potentially be used for frequency conversion in fiber optic network. In this system the dispersive properties can be controlled by the optical lattice making it possible to achieve phase-matched four wave mixing, like look the process taking place in the photonic crystal fibers. In this paper we will discuss the use of photonic crystal fibers in communications

Engineering properties of porous concrete made of sustainable aggregate

The effect of using different types of aggregate on engineering properties of previous concrete is experimentally evaluated in this study. For this purpose, a total of four concrete mixes are cast and tested. The main parameters studied in this study are the aggregate type (natural and recycled) and aggregate size. The recycled aggregate was provided from damaged pavement roads at Amarah city. The flexural and compressive strength, infiltration, and permeability of pervious concrete are recorded throughout the study. The results of study revealed that the mechanical and physical properties of previous concrete made of recycled aggregate confirms with the international specifications. Furthermore, the conclusions appear the ability of using recycled aggregate from damaged road pavements as aggregate for producing the pervious concrete have an acceptable engineering properties. The utilizing of recycled aggregate contributes to reduce the pollution and represent as a kind of sustainability of this type of concrete materials

Composite vertices that lead to soft form factors

The momentum-space cut-off parameter $\Lambda$ of hadronic vertex functions is studied in this paper. We use a composite model where we can measure the contributions of intermediate particle propagations to $\Lambda$. We show that in many cases a composite vertex function has a much smaller cut-off than its constituent vertices, particularly when light constituents such as pions are present in the intermediate state. This suggests that composite meson-baryon-baryon vertex functions are rather soft, i.e., they have \Lambda considerably less than 1 GeV. We discuss the origin of this softening of form factors as well as the implications of our findings on the modeling of nuclear reactions.Comment: REVTex, 19 pages, 5 figs(to be provided on request

Determination of the Optimal Sterilization Regime of Canned Quail Meat with Hydrocoloids Application

The use of hydrocolloids in the modern meat industry is the one of prospective directions for improving functional and technological characteristics of meat and meat products, including poultry at long storage terms. A series of concrete requirements to functional-technological, physical-chemical and organoleptic parameters is offered for canned poultry in correspondence with minimal specifications for the quality of products of an animal origin.There is presented the study of the optimization of the process of meat products sterilization using meat of chicken-broilers, quails and hydrocolloids depending on physical-chemical and organoleptic properties. The parameters of quail meat use in recipes of canned poultry meat with hydrocolloids were considered. The influence of the sterilization process on characteristics of chicken-broiler and quail meat was established.There was revealed the essential difference in the influence on functional and technological parameters of canned quail meat using hydrocolloid mixtures comparing with canned chicken-broiler meat, manifested in changes of MKC (moisture keeping capacity), plasticity and salt content in jelly. At changing sterilization regimes, there takes place the change of physical and chemical characteristics of gels that correlates with organoleptic characteristics. For providing high quality parameters of canned poultry meat and industrial sterility, sterilization regimes for canned chicken-broiler meat must be realized for containers with the volume 500 with sterilization time no more than 90 minutes. For canned quail meat the sterilization process duration must be increased to 120 min at the temperature 115 ° С

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Data to Guide Sampling Procedures for Prostate Cancer Biobanking

Previous methods for biobanking prostate tissue, following radical prostatectomy, generally involved random sampling. In order to increase efficiency, and enable a greater range of downstream applications, a more targeted method of sampling prostate tissue was developed. Here we use both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy data to target specific areas of the organ for sampling. The method involves use of a previously published prostate slicing device which removes a 5 mm transverse slice from a predetermined region of the prostate, followed by the removal of 6 mm punch biopsies from predetermined areas of this slice. These samples can be stored frozen or fixed for biobanking purposes, or used fresh immediately with 70% confidence of tumor content, as compared with 10% confidence from the random sampling approach. This enables the use of all standard downstream techniques such as genomics, proteomics or histological work, but also work that requires fresh tissue such as live tissue imaging or ex vivo culture

Effects of holes radius on plasmonic photonic crystal fiber sensor with internal gold layer

In this study, a plasmonic photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor was designed with an internal gold layer between the liquid holes and the air holes. The study shown that the thickness of the gold layer, the radius of the air holes and the radius of the liquid holes all have a significant effect on the sensitivity of the sensor, where a wavelength sensitivity of (10,500 nm/RIU) was achieved at certain simulation conditions. Under these chosen conditions, the relationship of resonance wavelength with the refractive index of the liquid was linear and this gives flexibility to extend the range of the refractive index of the analyte without changing the sensor design. Approaching or moving away of the holes from center in the proposed design has a fundamental role in determining the sensor characteristics

Efek Ekstrak Limbah Cair Empulur Batang Sagu Baruk (Arenga Microcarpha) Terhadap Fotoreduksi Besi(III)

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisis kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin dari limbah cair empulur batang sagu baruk dan menguji kemampuanya dalam fotoreduksi Fe3+. Empulur batang sagu baruk diekstrak dengan pelarut akuades secara maserasi selama 2 jam. Selanjutnya ekstrak hasil maserasi dianalisis kandungan fitokimia fenolik, flavonoid dan tanin dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Pengujian fotoreduksi dilakukan pada cahaya fluorescent dengan konsentrasi 1000 mg/L selama 5 jam dengan variasi pH 4, 5, 6, 7 dan 8 serta kapasitas daya 42, 62 dan 104 Watt. Analisis ekstrak limbah cair empulur batang sagu baruk menunjukkan konsentrasi fenolik 112,04 mg asam galat/L konsentrasi flavonoid 30,10 mg kuersetin/L dan konsentrasi tanin 22,02 mg katekin/L.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak limbah cair empulur batang sagu baruk pada pH 6 dengan kapasitas daya 104 Watt mempunyai kemampuan yang paling baik untuk mereduksi Fe3+ dibandingkan dengan ekstrak lainya.Research had been carried out to analyze the photochemicals phenolic, flavonoids, and tanins in liquid waste of pith trunk sago baruk and to test its ability in photoreduction. Pith trunk extracted with aquadest in maceration for two hours. The extracts resulted were then analyzed for phenolic, flavonoids and tanins phytochemicals using spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The photoreduction tests performed on fluorescent light with concentration of 1000 mg/L for five hours with variation pH 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 and on energy capacities of 42, 62 dan 104 Watt. Analysis of liquid waste of pith trunk sago baruk extract showed that phenolic concentration was 112,04 mg gallic acid/L, flavonoid concentration was 30,10 mg quersetin/L and tannin concentration was 22,02 mg chatechin/L. The results showed that extract liquid waste pith trunk sago baruk at pH 6 with energy capacities 104 Watt had best ability in photoreduction Fe3+

Enhancing properties of iron and manganese ores as oxygen carriers for chemical looping processes by dry impregnation

The use of naturally occurring ores as oxygen carriers in CLC processes is attractive because of their relative abundance and low cost. Unfortunately, they typically exhibit lower reactivity and lack the mechanical robustness required, when compared to synthetically produced carriers. Impregnation is a suitable method for enhancing both the reactivity and durability of natural ores when used as oxygen carriers for CLC systems. This investigation uses impregnation to improve the chemical and mechanical properties of a Brazilian manganese ore and a Canadian iron ore. The manganese ore was impregnated with Fe2O3 and the iron ore was impregnated with Mn2O3 with the goal of forming a combined Fe/Mn oxygen carrier. The impregnated ore’s physical characteristics were assessed by SEM, BET and XRD analysis. Measurements of the attrition resistance and crushing strength were used to investigate the mechanical robustness of the oxygen carriers. The impregnated ore’s mechanical and physical properties were clearly enhanced by the impregnation method, with boosts in crushing strength of 11–26% and attrition resistance of 37–31% for the impregnated iron and manganese ores, respectively. Both the unmodified and impregnated ore’s reactivity, for the conversion of gaseous fuel (CH4 and syngas) and gaseous oxygen release (CLOU potential) were investigated using a bench-scale quartz fluidised-bed reactor. The impregnated iron ore exhibited a greater degree of syngas conversion compared to the other samples examined. Iron ore based oxygen carrier’s syngas conversion increases with the number of oxidation and reduction cycles performed. The impregnated iron ore exhibited gaseous oxygen release over extended periods in an inert atmosphere and remained at a constant 0.2% O2 concentration by volume at the end of this inert period. This oxygen release would help ensure the efficient use of solid fuels. The impregnated iron ore’s reactivity for CH4 conversion was similar to the reactivity of its unmodified counterpart. The unmodified manganese ore converted CH4 to the greatest extent of all the samples tested here, while the impregnated manganese ore exhibited a decrease in reactivity with respect to syngas and CH4 conversion.EPSR

Design of smart wireless changeover for continuous electric current feeding from power sources of variable capacities

Electric power has become a vital element for life today. Despite this importance, electric power consumers in Iraq suffer from the problem of noncontinuity and daily electric power supply interruption. This problem led to the use of various sources of electric power as an alternative to compensate for the shortage of electric power provided by the Iraqi national grid. In this work, a smart wireless changeover device is designed using wireless sensor networks technology aiming to solve problem caused by the multiplicity of power sources received at home and governmental buildings in Iraq by controlling operation of some electrical devices (which consume high current) in the home or workplace automatically when changing source of electricity from one to another. This solution will help to ensure the continuity of electric current feeding from power sources of variable capacities, also, to rationalize power consumption by assigning an operation priority to electric devices. Furthermore, a statistical measurement as a case study was performed in a building with a total power consumption of 160.8 KW/h. The result showed that the device functions effectively and it is capable of achieving an average saving in power of about 50% to 86% depending on the applied priorities and case study scenario