Control of sulphide during anaerobic treatment of S-containing wastewaters by adding limited amounts of oxygen or nitrate

Sulphide generated during anaerobic treatment of S-containing wastewaters represents an environmental problem. Adding limited amounts of oxygen or nitrate (or nitrite) to biologically (or chemically) oxidise sulphide forms a simple process level strategy to control this problem. This short review evaluates the feasibility and limitations of this strategy on the basis of the results of bioreactor studies.Sulphide generated during anaerobic treatment of S-containing wastewaters represents an environmental problem. Adding limited amounts of oxygen or nitrate (or nitrite) to biologically (or chemically) oxidise sulphide forms a simple process level strategy to control this problem. This short review evaluates the feasibility and limitations of this strategy on the basis of the results of bioreactor studies.Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; AEA Technology Environment; Nova Energie; The Swedish Gas Centre; University of Southern Denmark

Expediciones Humboldt: Honda-Méndez, Tolima

Este informe presenta los resultados de la caracterización biológica de uno de los bosques secos con mejor estado de conservación en el departamento del Tolima, ubicado entre los municipio de Honda, Méndez y Armero-Guayabal. Estos bosques se encuentran en una matriz de ganadería y producción agropecuaria, donde las coberturas boscosas son conservadas por los propietarios, conscientes de la importancia de este ecosistema para la provisión de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos. Esperamos que esta información producto de la capacidad científica del Instituto Humboldt, sea relevante y útil en las decisiones de planificación estratégica tanto en el ordenamiento territorial de los municipios de Honda, Méndez y Armero-Guayabal, como para las decisiones de conservación que se tomen en la regiónBogotáCiencias Básicas de la Biodiversida

Arritmias ventriculares malignas en pacientes con cardiodesfibrilador implantable: signos eléctricos predictores de recidivas

Introduction: There is a growing number of patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Recurrences are frequent and electrical shocks are the main factor affecting the quality of life.Objective: To identify the electrocardiographic predictors of the recurrence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in these patients.Method: From a universe of 76 patients, who had undergone cardioverter-defibrillator implantation, 46 patients were selected and two groups were formed. Group A consisted of 27 patients with at least one episode of malignant ventricular arrhythmias after device implantation; and group B consisted of 19 subjects without recurrences. Measurements (prolonged QTc, abnormal QT dispersion, Tpeak-Tend interval and its abnormal dispersion) were averaged over three consecutive heartbeats in each lead, manually, by two independent observers.Results: In group A, there was a predominance of structural heart disease and an ejection fraction less than 35%. The fragmentation of the QRS complex, bimodal T wave and early repolarization pattern were also present. There were significant differences in the mean values of the QT interval (428 vs. 390 ms), p=0.004; the corrected QT (476 vs. 436 ms), p=0.011; and Tpeak-Tend interval (108 vs. 87 ms), p=0.006. There were no significant differences in QT dispersion (51 vs. 48 ms), the Tpeak-Tend dispersion (35 vs. 27 ms), or QRS duration (121 vs. 105 ms).Conclusions: QT, QTc and Tpeak-Tend intervals are electrocardiographic predictors of the recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.Introducción: Existe un número creciente de pacientes con cardiodesfibriladores, las recidivas son frecuentes y los choques eléctricos constituyen el principal factor reductor de la calidad de vida.Objetivo: Identificar los predictores electrocardiográficos de recidivas de arritmias ventriculares malignas en estos sujetos.Método: De un universo de 76 pacientes a los que se les había implantado un cardiodesfibrilador automático implantable, se seleccionaron 46 y se confeccionaron dos grupos. El A estuvo constituido por 27 pacientes, con al menos un episodio de arritmias ventriculares malignas tras el implante del dispositivo; y el B, por los 19 sujetos sin recurrencias. Las mediciones (QTc prolongado, dispersión anormal del QT, Tpico-Tfinal y su dispersión anormal) se promediaron en tres latidos consecutivos en cada derivación, de forma manual, por dos observadores independientes.Resultados: En el grupo A predominó la cardiopatía estructural y la fracción de eyección inferior a 35 %. Estuvieron igualmente representados la fragmentación del complejo QRS, la onda T bimodal y el patrón de repolarización precoz. Hubo diferencias significativas en los valores medios del intervalo QT (428 vs. 390 ms), p=0.004; del QT corregido (476 vs. 436 ms), p=0.011; y del intervalo Tpico-Tfinal (108 vs. 87 ms), p=0.006. No existieron en la dispersión del QT (51 vs. 48 ms), la dispersión del Tpico-Tfinal (35 vs. 27 ms), ni en la duración del QRS (121 vs. 105 ms).Conclusiones: Los intervalos QT, QTc y Tpico-Tfinal son predictores electrocardiográficos de recidivas de arritmias ventriculares en pacientes con cardiodesfibriladores

Respuesta a “Una bienvenida a los signos eléctricos predictores de recidivas en pacientes con cardiodesfibriladores”

Reply to “A welcome to relapse-predictor electrical signs in patients with cardiodefibrillators”Respuesta a “Una bienvenida a los signos eléctricos predictores de recidivas en pacientes con cardiodesfibriladores

Acute effect of three different exercise training modalities on executive function in overweight inactive men: A secondary analysis of the BrainFit study

There is currently a consensus about the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition. However, the exercise intensity-dependent effect on executive function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT), progressive resistance training (PRT), or combined training (PRT + HIIT) on executive function indicators in overweight inactive adult men (aged 18–30 years old). The participants were screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, which was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening cognitive test. A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among 36 adults who were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 12), PRT (n = 7), PRT + HIIT (n = 7), or control group (n = 10) until the energy expenditure of 400–500 kcal. Cognitive inhibition and attention capacity were examined using the Stroop test and d2 test of attention, respectively, and were obtained pre-exercise for baseline measurement and 1 min post-exercise for each exercise training modality. Cognitive inhibition measured by the Stroop test was improved after the HIIT protocol for the domains of reading by +5.89 (?2 = 0.33), colour naming +9.0 (?2 = 0.60), interference +10.1 (?2 = 0.39), and index interference +6.0 (?2 = 0.20). Additionally, the PRT + HIIT group had an increase for the reading condition of +7.1 (?2 = 0.40), colour naming +7.5 (?2 = 0.80), and interference +5.8 (?2 = 0.39). In regard to attentional capacity, the HIIT group elicited small to medium improvements in the concentration level domain of +21.7 (?2 = 0.44), total performance domain +56.6 (?2 = 0.50), and consistency domain ?3.0 (?2 = 0.27). These results were similar in the PRT and PRT + HIIT groups in the concentration level and items-processed domains (P and lt; 0.05). In conclusion, acute HIIT and PRT + HIIT sessions reported important effect sizes than PRT alone for cognitive inhibition and attention capacity. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term exercise interventions can enhance overweight adults' executive functions. © 2018 Elsevier Inc

Acute effect of three different exercise training modalities on executive function in overweight inactive men: A secondary analysis of the BrainFit study

There is currently a consensus about the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition. However, the exercise intensity-dependent effect on executive function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT), progressive resistance training (PRT), or combined training (PRT + HIIT) on executive function indicators in overweight inactive adult men (aged 18–30 years old). The participants were screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, which was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening cognitive test. A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among 36 adults who were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 12), PRT (n = 7), PRT + HIIT (n = 7), or control group (n = 10) until the energy expenditure of 400–500 kcal. Cognitive inhibition and attention capacity were examined using the Stroop test and d2 test of attention, respectively, and were obtained pre-exercise for baseline measurement and 1 min post-exercise for each exercise training modality. Cognitive inhibition measured by the Stroop test was improved after the HIIT protocol for the domains of reading by +5.89 (?2 = 0.33), colour naming +9.0 (?2 = 0.60), interference +10.1 (?2 = 0.39), and index interference +6.0 (?2 = 0.20). Additionally, the PRT + HIIT group had an increase for the reading condition of +7.1 (?2 = 0.40), colour naming +7.5 (?2 = 0.80), and interference +5.8 (?2 = 0.39). In regard to attentional capacity, the HIIT group elicited small to medium improvements in the concentration level domain of +21.7 (?2 = 0.44), total performance domain +56.6 (?2 = 0.50), and consistency domain ?3.0 (?2 = 0.27). These results were similar in the PRT and PRT + HIIT groups in the concentration level and items-processed domains (P and lt; 0.05). In conclusion, acute HIIT and PRT + HIIT sessions reported important effect sizes than PRT alone for cognitive inhibition and attention capacity. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term exercise interventions can enhance overweight adults' executive functions. © 2018 Elsevier Inc

Efectos agudos de la alta intensidad, la resistencia o el protocolo combinado sobre el aumento del nivel de factores neurotróficos en adultos con sobrepeso físicamente inactivos: el estudio BrainFit

130 páginasPhysical activity (PA) and is a very promising intervention for the modulation of both health span and lifespan in a number of species. Substantial evidence already exists in support of multipronged PA and exercise counselling, prescription and referral strategies. Evidence shows that PA has a significant role, in many cases comparable or superior to drug interventions, in the prevention and treatment of more than 40 non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, depression, Alzheimer’s, arthritis, and osteoporosis. Physical activity, as an intervention, is one of the most important components in improving the functional capacity of frail seniors. Accordingly, an important conceptual idea for frailty is that the focus should be on functionality and not on the diagnosis of disease for older patients.Actividad física (AF) y es una intervención muy prometedora para la modulación tanto de la salud como de la esperanza de vida en varias especies. Ya existe evidencia sustancial que respalda las estrategias múltiples de asesoramiento, prescripción y derivación de AF y ejercicio. La evidencia muestra que la AP tiene un papel importante, en muchos casos comparable o superior a las intervenciones farmacológicas, en la prevención y el tratamiento de más de 40 enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como la obesidad, las enfermedades cardíacas, la diabetes, la hipertensión, el cáncer, la depresión, el Alzheimer, artritis y osteoporosis. La actividad física, como intervención, es uno de los componentes más importantes para mejorar la capacidad funcional de las personas mayores frágiles. En consecuencia, una idea conceptual importante sobre la fragilidad es que la atención debe centrarse en la funcionalidad y no en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad en pacientes mayores

The impact of chromosomal fusions on 3D genome folding and recombination in the germ line

The spatial folding of chromosomes inside the nucleus has regulatory effects on gene expression, yet the impact of genome reshuffling on this organization remains unclear. Here, we take advantage of chromosome conformation capture in combination with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and analysis of crossover events to study how the higher-order chromatin organization and recombination landscapes are affected by chromosomal fusions in the mammalian germ line. We demonstrate that chromosomal fusions alter the nuclear architecture during meiosis, including an increased rate of heterologous interactions in primary spermatocytes, and alterations in both chromosome synapsis and axis length. These disturbances in topology were associated with changes in genomic landscapes of recombination, resulting in detectable genomic footprints. Overall, we show that chromosomal fusions impact the dynamic genome topology of germ cells in two ways: (i) altering chromosomal nuclear occupancy and synapsis, and (ii) reshaping landscapes of recombination.This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2014-54317-P and CGL2017-83802-P to A.R.-H., BFU2013-47736-P and BFU2017-85926-P to M.A.M.-R. and CGL2010-15243 to J.V.) and the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, AGAUR (DI2015 and SGR1215 to A.R-H. as well as SGR468 to M.A.M.-R.). C.V. and L.A.-G. were supported by FPI predoctoral fellowships from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2015-072924 and PRE-2018-083257). L.M.-G. was supported by an FPU predoctoral fellowships from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (FPU18/03867). M.A.M.-R. acknowledges support by the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program FP7/2007-2013 (ERC grant agreement 609989) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 676556). A.R.-H. also acknowledges support from MeioNet (BFU2015-71786-REDT)

Subclinical Liver Disease Is Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Psoriasis: Results from Two Observational Studies.

Psoriasis is associated with a higher risk of liver diseases. We investigated the impact of hepatic steatosis (European cohort) and hepatic inflammation (United States cohort) on subclinical atherosclerosis. In the European cohort (n = 76 psoriasis participants and 76 controls), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, assessed by the sonographic hepatorenal index, was more prevalent in psoriasis than in controls (61% vs. 45%; P = 0.04). Participants with psoriasis with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease had a higher prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis (ultrasonographic presence of plaque in femoral or carotid arteries) than participants with psoriasis without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (61% vs. 23%; P = 0.006) and controls with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (61% vs. 32%; P < 0.05). Sonographic hepatorenal index was a determinant of subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriasis (OR = 3.5; P = 0.01). In the United States cohort (n = 162 participants with psoriasis who underwent positron emission tomography and coronary computed tomography angiography), those with high hepatic 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake had higher noncalcified (1.3 [0.49 mm2] vs. 1.0 [0.40 mm2]), fibrofatty (0.23 [0.15 mm2] vs. 0.11 [0.087 mm2]), and lipid-rich necrotic core (4.3 [2.3 mm2] vs. 3.0 [1.7 mm2]) coronary burden (all P < 0.001). Hepatic 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake associated with noncalcified (β = 0.28; P < 0.001), fibrofatty (β = 0.49; P < 0.001), and lipid-rich necrotic core (β = 0.28; P = 0.003) burden. These results show the downstream cardiovascular effects of subclinical liver disease in psoriasis.pre-print723 K