Responsabilidad social en las organizaciones públicas: la omisión al cumplimiento de responsabilidades de los servidores públicos en México, el caso de los legisladores.

Este artículo plantea a través de una investigación teórica, lo que acontece en la actividad legislativa de los diputados en México, quienes en el ejercicio de su función, pasan a la inactividad legislativa, es decir, dejan de actuar como se espera, de acuerdo con la responsabilidad que la ley les atribuye. Nos referimos a la comisión de responsabilidad por omisión. Los diputados, de acuerdo con sus responsabilidades debe crear leyes, pero ellos no las realizan o lo hacen de manera insuficiente, faltando con esto a sus responsabilidades como servidores públicos. El artículo inicia planteando cuál es el deber ser del servidor dentro del servicio público, posteriormente acerca al lector a un marco teórico del servicio público en México, así como la relación de estos conceptos con la corrupción, término que incluye la responsabilidad política, y el ejercicio de la función legislativa como pauta de acción de los legisladores. La incidencia en actos como la omisión de los servidores públicos, se ha discutido desde la perspectiva jurídica, sin embargo, no ha sido suficiente para subsanar la falta de legislación, dentro de las responsabilidades de los diputados esta la de legislar, es decir, crear leyes, cuando los legisladores incumplen con esta obligación, dejan en desprotección a sectores sociales por falta de leyes que los protejan o los regulen, con esto se provocan muchas de las lagunas legislativas que se tiene en el marco jurídico nacional, lo cual se origina en esta falta legislativa llamada omisión

A revised distance to IRAS 16293−-2422 from VLBA astrometry of associated water masers

IRAS 16293-2422 is a very well studied young stellar system seen in projection towards the L1689N cloud in the Ophiuchus complex. However, its distance is still uncertain with a range of values from 120 pc to 180 pc. Our goal is to measure the trigonometric parallax of this young star by means of H$_2$O maser emission. We use archival data from 15 epochs of VLBA observations of the 22.2 GHz water maser line. By modeling the displacement on the sky of the H$_2$O maser spots, we derived a trigonometric parallax of $7.1\pm1.3$ mas, corresponding to a distance of $141_{-21}^{+30}$ pc. This new distance is in good agreement with recent values obtained for other magnetically active young stars in the L1689 cloud. We relate the kinematics of these masers with the outflows and the recent ejections powered by source A in the system.Comment: 14 pages, 6 tables, 8 figures. Accepted to be published in Astronomy \& Astrophysic

Administración pública y gobernanza: el papel de la gestión de la ética en las organizaciones públicas

El presente trabajo parte de la importancia que tiene la administración pública en la conducción del progreso social como componente del sistema político y su estrecha relación con la ética para cumplir sus cometidos de eficiencia, eficacia y legitimidad. El marco teórico fundamental se basa en la concepción que hace Uvalle en sus diversos escritos sobre la importancia de la administración pública desde sus primeros escritos, hasta recuperar en estudios recientes el concepto de gobernanza y su vinculación con valores actuales del servicio público tales como, ética, rendición de cuentas, transparencia y profesionalización. La hipótesis central del trabajo consiste en afirmar que existe una estrecha relación entre la ética y una administración pública de calidad que es uno de los atributos del modelo de gobernanza. Así, no puede concebirse un gobierno, abierto, transparente y ético, que no se convierta en un modelo democrático en el que el espacio público y la participación constituyen su base de legitimación

The influence of urban wastes on the interstitial water chemistry in coastal marine sediments of Cadiz Bay

The authors determined, with visual profiles, the concentration of nutrients (i.e. ammonia, nitrate, phosphate and silica), inorganic carbon and sulphate in the interstitial water of Cadiz Bay, as well as organic carbon in sediment, using samples from three stations on Sancti Petri sound. These three stations suffer from different contamination levels due to untreated urban wastewater. Our results show a degradation of the organic matter, principally in the first 30 cm of sediment. These concentration changes are important in the superficial water layer, indicating the efficiency of aerobic oxidation, the organic matter's principal mineralisation mechanism. Two stations, those nearest to the waste point, had the highest organic carbon concentrations in their sediment, as well as the highest vertical gradients of nutrient concentrations in their interstitial water. Sulphate reduction is the principal mechanism involved in the oxidation of organic matter. On the other hand, at the other station studied, with lower organic carbon levels, the gradients were smoother.Se han caracterizado los perfiles verticales en el agua intersticial de las concentraciones de nutrientes (amonio, nitrato, fosfato y silicato), carbono inorgánico y sulfato, así como de carbono orgánico en el sedimento en tres estaciones del caño de Sancti Petri, sujetas a distinto grado de contaminación por vertidos urbanos sin depurar. Analizando globalmente las variaciones con la profundidad de las concentraciones de las distintas especies estudiadas, se puede afirmar que existe una degradación continuada de la materia orgánica, al menos, en los primeros 30 cm del sedimento. Esta hipótesis se encuentra reforzada por la propia disminución de la concentración de carbono orgánico en el sedimento con la profundidad. Estos cambios de concentración son especialmente acusados en la lámina de agua más superficial, poniendo de manifiesto la eficiencia de la oxidación aeróbica como mecanismo de mineralización de la materia orgánica. Las dos estaciones más próximas al vertido, que poseen concentraciones de carbono orgánico más elevadas en el sedimento, presentan también mayores gradientes verticales de concentración de nutrientes en el agua intersticial, y la sulfatorreducción adquiere una mayor importancia relativa como vía de oxidación de la materia orgánica. Por el contrario, en la estación situada en el extremo sur del caño, menos afectada por los aportes de materia orgánica, se observan gradientes más suaves.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Generalidades de la familia Filoviridae y el virus del Ébola: una actualización de sus implicaciones en la población humana

Characteristics of the family Filoviridae and the Ebola virus: an update of its implications in the human population The family Filoviridae is integrated by a group of filamentous RNA viruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in primates and other mammals, including humans, mainly in the African continent. Ebolavirus, arburgrvirus and Lloviu cuevavirus are the members of this family, and their main reservoirs are bats from the family Pteropodidae. The present review describes the main characteristics of the Filoviruses, pathophysiology and epidemiology on the human population, with a focus on the Ebolavirus, a pathogen of great epidemiological importance responsible for the death of 13 293 people since 1976. The Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016 was the largest in history, with 28 652 cases, representing more than 90% of the total number of cases reported since the origin of the disease (31 685). The transmission of the virus between humans can happen directly, through ontaminated fluids, or indirectly, by parenteral transmission and fomites. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days and the symptomatology is divided in four phases: a febrile phase with nonspecific symptoms, a phase characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, and two with the presence of critical symptoms. Although there is no specific treatment for the Ebola virus disease, the development of potential vaccines is currently underway, and some have showed positive results in animal models. This could lead to the appearance of an effective treatment that increases the survival of infected patients, and better epidemiological control

SORPTION OF LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATES AND SULFOPHENYLCARBOXYLIC ACIDS ON MARINE SEDIMENTS

The sorption of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and of their main biodegradation intermediates, sulfophenylcarboxylic acids (SPC) has been characterized in marine sediments. The required equilibrium time for undecylbenzene sulfonate (C11LAS) sorption is 12 h, and 24 h for sulfophenyl undecanoic acid (C11SPC). C11LAS sorption decreases with temperature due to the exothermic character of this process. C11SPC sorption is less complete and less homogeneous than for C11LAS. The alkylic or carboxylic chain length (C10-C13) is correlated positively with the partition coefficient, and the effect of the carboxylic group is more significant than that of the additional methylene group. Sorption of LAS and SPC homologues (C10-C13) are reversible processes. Desorption of SPC homologues is almost complete, but the desorption percentage of LAS homologue decreases with alkylic chain length. Small fractions of sorbed LAS homologues could take longer to be desorbed than the times covered by this study.This research has been supported by the Environmental and Climate Program of the European Commission PRISTINE (Contract ENV4-CT97-494) from Waste Water Cluster and by the Spanish Inter-Ministerial Science and Technology Commission “BALAS” project (CICYT, REN2001-2980-C02-01/HID)

Factor analysis of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) vertical distribution in coastal sediments of Cadiz Bay (southwest Spain)

El comportamiento del alquilbenceno lineal sulfonato (LAS) en los sistemas costeros no se conoce con precisión, y este conocimiento es aun menor si nos restringimos al compartimento sedimentario. En este trabajo se aplica un análisis factorial a los resultados obtenidos para distintas variables determinadas en tres estaciones, tanto en sedimento como en agua intersticial, con el objetivo de evaluar sus interrelaciones con el LAS. Las variables analizadas presentan dos modos principales de distribución con la profundidad en el compartimento sedimentario: lineal y/o exponencial. En casi todos los casos, el LAS se asocia a ambos modos de distribución, lo que indica que su concentración sufre una disminución con la profundidad, pero se produce de forma especialmente acusada en la capa superficial.Very little is known concerning the behaviour of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) in coastal systems, and even less when we consider the sedimentary field only. In the present study, a factor analysis is applied to the results obtained for different variables at three stations, both in the sediment and in interstitial water, with the aim of evaluating their relationship with LAS. The variables analysed have two main types of distribution in the sedimentary area in relation to depth: linear and/or exponential. LAS is, in most cases, associated with both types of distribution, indicating that its concentration decreases with depth, especially in the surface layer.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Biliary PAH metabolites in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic contaminants present in marine sediments as a consequence of their continuous input from either land- or marine-based sources. Fishes have a higher capacity to metabolize and excrete PAHs than invertebrates such as mollusks and consequently the concentration of PAH metabolites in the bile fluid of fish can be used as an indirect indicator of exposure to PAH contamination. In this study the concentration and distribution of major PAHs metabolites in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) bile from the hypersaline Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain) were characterized for the first time. Eels of two different weight classes (350 g) were sampled from the northern and southern part of the lagoon using traditional fishing methods by local fishermen in spring 2014 and winter 2015. Bile samples were treated individually and maintained at -20ºC until analysis. 10 L of bile sample was diluted with water for liquid chromatography, incubated with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase for 2 hours at 37ºC, then the reaction was stopped with cold methanol and the sample centrifuged. The concentrations of PAHs metabolites (phenanthrol and pyrenol) in the supernatant were directly analysed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection using a standard solution for external calibration. Phenanthrol and pyrenol were found in all samples, with pyrenol being always the predominant one. The metabolite concentrations were higher in specimens sampled in spring 2014 than in winter 2015, suggesting a different seasonal pattern of PAH exposure to fish in the Mar Menor lagoon

Blueprint of a Molecular Spin Quantum Processor

The implementation of a universal quantum processor still poses fundamental issues related to error mitigation and correction, which demand to investigate also platforms and computing schemes alternative to the main stream. A possibility is offered by employing multi-level logical units (qudits), naturally provided by molecular spins. Here we present the blueprint of a Molecular Spin Quantum Processor consisting of single Molecular Nanomagnets, acting as qudits, placed within superconducting resonators adapted to the size and interactions of these molecules to achieve a strong single spin to photon coupling. We show how to implement a universal set of gates in such a platform and to readout the final qudit state. Single-qudit unitaries (potentially embedding multiple qubits) are implemented by fast classical drives, while a novel scheme is introduced to obtain two-qubit gates via resonant photon exchange. The latter is compared to the dispersive approach, finding in general a significant improvement. The performance of the platform is assessed by realistic numerical simulations of gate sequences, such as Deutsch-Josza and quantum simulation algorithms. The very good results demonstrate the feasibility of the molecular route towards a universal quantum processor.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures. Accepted in Physical Review Applie