Analysis of Broiler Chicken Demand Influencing Factors in Pematangsiantar City

Broiler chickens is a type of chicken that are able to grow and develop quickly. In addition, broiler chicken is one of favourite source of meat. The purpose of this research was to determined the affecting factors of demand of the broiler chicken meat demand in the Pematangsiantar city. The study was conducted in AprilJune 2018 using primary data. The method used in accidental sampling is respondent interview with purposive technique that analyzed by Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS 22 application tool. The results showed that broiler chicken demand in Pematangsiantar city was influenced simultaneously by broiler price, age, family member, family income, egg price, appetite level, and education level with R² = 0,51. The price of broiler chicken meat, age and the number of family members had a significant effected on the 95% confidence leve

Effectiveness of Extracts of Garlic (Allium sativum L) and Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubra) as Escherichia coli Control in Broiler Chicken

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on the growth of broiler chickens infected with E. coli. The design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of P0A = control without infection, P0B = control + E. coli infection, P1 = E. coli infection + 0.05% tetracycline antibiotics, P2 = E. coli infection + 1% garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract , P3 = E. coli infection + 1% ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract and P4 = E. coli infection + garlic (Allium sativum L) extract and 1% ginger (Zingiber officinale). The results showed that the administration of garlic and ginger extract had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the decrease in the number of Escherichia coli bacteria in broiler chicken feces. The combination of extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale) has the most effective effect compared to garlic and ginger extract alone. It was concluded that the administration of extracts of garlic and ginger could be used as Escherichia coli control in broiler chickens

Household Hazardous Solid Waste (HHSW) Management Schemes in Sleman Regency for Future

Abstract. Most people (85.52%) in Sleman regency treats the Household Hazardous Solid Waste (HHSW) improperly by open burning or dumping in rivers, yards or vacant lands. The presence of hazardous materials contained in the HHSW can lead to public health problems such as poisoning, accidents, illness, and even death. These study aims were to investigate the generation of HHSW and to choose the most optimal solutions to HHSW management in Sleman regency for the future. The generation of HHSW was obtained from the monthly sample survey of 120 households. Planning of HHSW management schemes was conducted by the back-casting approach while selecting the best alternative was made by Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. Results of the study shown thatHHSW generation average in Sleman regency was 2.438 g/person/day or about 2.81 tons/day in 2013. Electronics, electric bulbs and batteries were the dominant sources of HHSW in percentage, which contained 24.91%, 18.08%, and 16.71% respectively. The community-based HHSW management is the most optimal of three schemes to be applied in Sleman regency for future

Molecular detection and pyrG sequence analysis of Avibacterium paragallinarum using clinical samples of infraorbital exudates from layer chickens with infectious coryza symptoms in Indonesia

Background and Aim: Infectious coryza (IC) or snot, is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum and leads to upper respiratory disease in poultry. Various diagnostic methods are available, including isolation and identification through bacterial culture and biochemical tests. However, the isolation and subsequent identification of A. paragallinarum are challenging because the bacteria are fastidious and require specific growth factors. This study aimed to detect A. paragallinarum in clinical samples taken from the exudate of the infraorbital sinus of layer hens showing clinical signs of IC. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 10 layer hens with IC symptoms. Following DNA extraction, HPG-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed. The PCR amplicons underwent electrophoresis to determine those of the correct target size (511 bp), and these were sequenced. The resultant sequences were analyzed using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) basic local alignment search tool. MEGA X was used for bioinformatics analysis. Results: The presence of A. paragallinarum was confirmed by HPG-2 PCR in 4/10 samples. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of the samples and the A. paragallinarum reference sequences in the NCBI database were grouped within the same cluster. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequences showed 98.64%–100% of similarity with the reference sequences. The phylogenetic reconstruction of partial pyrG sequences from 55 A. paragallinarum strains/isolates deposited in GenBank confirmed that the four HPG-2 PCR-positive samples fell within the A. paragallinarum cluster, separate from the Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium spp., and Rodentibacter pneumotropicus clusters. Conclusion: Avibacterium paragallinarum infection was molecularly confirmed in 4/10 (40%) samples by HPG-2 PCR amplicon detection. Clustering of the pyrG partial gene sequences revealed that the positive samples fell within the A. paragallinarum cluster

The Characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Dairy Cow in the Milk Collecting Line of in Malang

ABSTRACT This research was aimed was to know the effect subclinical mastitis stage for Friesian Holstein dairy milk quality in all months of lactation in the milk collecting line in Malang. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the major bacterial causes of mastitis and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. This disease is caused economic losses due to falling milk production and the addition of production costs. One of the criteria for the differentiation of S. aureus is the formation of pigment. Phenotype characteristics of S. aureus in vitro as a cause of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are using 30 isolates. The level of mastitis subclinical is used by reagent IPB-l. Isolation and identification of S. aureus carried by several biochemical tests, namely: culture on Agar Blood Frame (ABF) media, observation of cell morphology, catalase test, coagulates test, and fermentation of mannitol test. Character is done by observing colony pigment on ABF media. The incidence rate of subclinical mastitis milk samples are from 198 dairy cattle, 107subclinical mastitis positive samples (54%) and 91 (46%) negative subclinical mastitis. From 30 isolates of S. aureus isolates subclinical mastitis caused 43.33% and 56.67% negative subclinical mastitis. Based on pigment production of the S. aureus isolated, 11 isolates (36.67%) produces a yellow pigment, 17 isolates (56.67%) white pigment, 1 isolates (3.33%) and an orange pigment isolates (3.33%) are not pigmented

Bobot Relatif Organ Pencernaan Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Tambahan Asam Butirat dan Asam Format dalam Ransum

Penelitian yang bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas penambahan kombinasi asam organik berupa asam butirat dan asam format dalam ransum ayam broiler. Penelitian menggunakan 240 ekor ayam broiler umur 1 hari bobot badan awal rata-rata 36,69±1,56 g/ekor. Ayam dibagi (didistribusi) secara acak ke dalam kandang sesuai perlakuan yang diterapkan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan, setiap petak diisi 10 ekor. Perlakuan yang diterapkan meliputi T0 (ayam diberi ransum basal tanpa ditambah asam organik), T1 (ayam diberi ransum basal ditambah 0,1% asam butirat), T2 (ayam diberi ransum basal ditambah 0,03% asam format) dan T3 (ayam diberi ransum basal ditambah 0,1% asam butirat dan 0,03% asam format). Ayam dipelihara sampai umur 35 hari kemudian dilakukan pemotongan dan dipisahkan organ pencernaan (hati, pankreas, proventrikulus, gizzard, duodenum, jejenum, dan illeum) dibersihkan kemudian ditimbang. Parameter yang diukur meliputi bobot relatif organ pencernaan). Data dianalisis keragamannya dan uji beda Duncan pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan asama butirat, asam format, atau kombinasi keduanya dalam ransum tidak meningkatkan bobot relatif organ pencernaan namun meningkatkan (

Mapping ergonomics application to improve SMEs working condition in industrially developing countries: a critical review

In industrially developing countries (IDC), small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for the highest proprotion of employment. Unfortunately, the working conditions in SMEs are often very poor and expose employees to a potentially wide range of health and safety risks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 161 articles related to ergonomics application in SMEs, using Indonesia as a case study. The aim of this paper is to investigate the extent of ergonomics application and identify areas that can be improved to promote effective ergonomics for SMEs in IDC. The most urgent issue found is the need for adopting participatory approach in contrast to the commonly implemented top-down approach. Some good practices in ergonomics application were also revealed from the review, e.g. a multidisciplinary approach, unsophisticated and low-cost solutions, and recognising the importance of productivity. The review also found that more work is still required to achieve appropriate cross-cultural adaptation of ergonomics application. Practitioner Summary: Despite continuous efforts in addressing ergonomics issues in SMEs of IDC, workers are still exposed to poor work conditions. We reviewed factual-based evidence of current ergonomics application to inform future strategies of ergonomics in IDC, using Indonesia as a case study

Growth, Blood, and Intestinal Indices of Broilers at High Density Pens Provided with Fermented Averrhoa bilimbi Fruit Filtrate

The present study investigated the effect of fermented Averrhoa bilimbi fruit filtrate (FABFF) on growth, blood indices, and gut ecology of broilers raised at a high stocking density. Using 378 chicks (14 days of age), the study was arranged based on a factorial design with stocking densities (normal with 9 birds/m2 or high with 18 birds/m2) and treatment with 2% FABFF from drinking water or not as the two factors. Live body weight and feed consumption were registered weekly, while blood and intestinal contents were collected at day 35. Broilers at high density receiving FABFF had the lowest (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Thymus was smaller (p<0.05) in high-stocked broilers receiving only drinking water. Birds administered FABFF had greater (p<0.05) bursa of Fabricius than birds given plain water. The FABFF elevated (p<0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of broilers. The malondialdehyde levels were higher (p<0.05) in high-stocked broilers given drinking water compared to normal-stocked broilers given drinking water or high-stocked broilers receiving FABFF. Drinking FABFF elevated (p<0.05) the ratio of lactic acid bacteria/coliform in the ileum. Cecal coliform was less (p<0.05) in chicks receiving FABFF than those receiving only water. High-stocked broilers receiving FABFF showed lower (p<0.05) Enterobacteriaceae counts than the other birds. The ratio of lactic acid bacteria/coliform increased (p<0.05) in broilers receiving FABFF. In conclusion, FABFF was capable of maintaining the development of immune organs and improving FCR, antioxidative status, and intestinal microbial balance of broilers stocked at high-density pens

Performances of Crossbred Chickens Fed Fermented Papaya Leaf and Seed Powder at High Stocking Density

The study evaluated the influence of fermented papaya leaf and seed powder (FPLS) and/or multienzymes on the growth, physiology, antioxidant, and gut ecology of the Indonesian crossbred chicken (ICC) at high stocking density. Three hundred and seventy ICC were randomly allotted to LSD (chicks fed conventional feed at low stocking density), HSD (chicks fed conventional feed at high stocking density), HSD+mE (chicks fed conventional feed plus multienzyme at high stocking density), HSD+FPLS (chicks fed FPLS at high stocking density) and HSD+FPLS+mE (chicks fed FPLS plus multienzyme at high stocking density). Body weight and feed intake were determined weekly. Two ICC were taken from each pen (10 chicks per treatment group) at week 10 for sampling. The study was arranged based on a completely randomized design with five treatment groups, each consisted of five replicates. Except for performance, analysis of variance was conducted on two chicks from each replicate (10 chicks per treatment group). Chicks in LSD consumed more (p<0.05) feed and had a higher (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio. Platelet distribution width (PDW) was lower (p<0.05) in HSD, HSD+FPLS, and HSD+FPLS+mE chicks than in LSD chicks. Lymphocyte counts were lower (p<0.05) in HSD relative to HSD+mE chicks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher (p<0.05) in HSD and HSD+FPLS+mE chicks than in LSD, HSD+mE, and HSD+FPLS chicks. High-density lipoprotein was smaller (p<0.05) in HSD+mE chicks than in LSD, HSD, and HSD+FPLS chicks. Compared to the other treatment groups of chicks, HSD+FPLS chicks had a lower (p<0.05) albumin level. Creatinine level was lower (p<0.05) in HSD chicks than in the other group of chicks. Enterobacteriaceae counts were lower (p<0.05) in HSD+FPLS cecal content of chicks than in LSD and HSD chicks. The redness values of breast meats were lower (p<0.05) in HSD+FPLS chicks than the chicks in HSD+mE and HSD+FPLS+mE dietary treatments. LSD chicks had higher (p<0.05) redness values of thigh meat than the other treatment groups of chicks. LSD chicks also had higher (p<0.05) yellowness values than HSD+mE and HSD+FPLS+mE chicks. In conclusion, high stocking density resulted in mild stress conditions, as was demonstrated by the increased SOD and decreased PDW and redness meat values. A combination of FPLS and multienzyme ameliorated the adverse influence of high stocking density in ICC

Growth, Health, and Carcass Traits of Broilers Supplemented with Acalypha australis L. Leaf Extract, Whey Protein, or their Combination in the Diet

The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary administration of Acalypha australis L. leaf extract, whey powder, or a combination of both on the growth, physiological condition, and carcass traits of broilers. A total of 392 broiler chicks was divided into four groups based on a fully randomized design, including (1) control (C, basal feed without additives), (2) basal feed supplemented with 1% Acalypha australis L. leaf extract (AALE), (3) basal feed with 1% whey powder (WHEY), and (4) basal feed with 1% Acalypha australis L. extract and 1% whey powder (AALEWHEY). Samples (i.e., internal organs, blood, intestinal digesta, small intestinal segments, and breast and thigh meats) were collected on day 33. Data were treated with an analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple analysis. Treatments did not affect body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). Abdominal fat was higher in the treated broilers than in the control (C) (p<0.05). The serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were lower in AALE, WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups than in the control (C) (p<0.05). Serum creatinine concentrations were higher in WHEY and AALEWHEY groups than in C and AALE groups (p<0.05). The AALE, WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups had higher duodenal villi height than C group (p<0.05). The villi height to crypt depth ratios were higher in the jejunum of the WHEY and AALEWHEY group than in the C group (p<0.05). The pH of breast meat was higher in the C group than in AALE and AALEWHEY groups (p<0.05). The lightness values of breast meats were lower in the AALEWHEY group than in the other groups (p<0.05). The redness values of breast meats were lower in the C group than in the AALE, WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups, while the yellowness values were lower in C and AALE groups than in WHEY and AALEWHEY groups (p<0.05). The pH values of thigh meats were higher in the AALE group than in control (C), WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the treatment of broilers with leaf extract of Acalypha australis L., whey powder, or a combination of both improved intestinal morphology and meat quality without affecting the growth performance of broilers