ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI ANGGARAN BELANJA PADA POLITEKNIK NEGERI KUPANG

Latar belakang penelitian ini yaitu penyerapan anggaran yang tidak efektif tercermin dalam rata-rata Sisa Lebih Pembiayaan Anggaran (SILPA). Jumlah SILPA yang besar tersebut terjadi bukan karena semata-mata efisiensi dalam pengelolaan belanja tetapi lebih menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan keuangan belum efektif karena didalamnya, antara lain ada program/kegiatan yang tidak dapat dilaksanakan pada tahun anggaran yang bersangkutan. Serapan anggaran yang tidak optimal menunjukkan adanya permasalahan yang perlu dievaluasi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan menghitung tingkat efektivitas dan efisiensi anggaran belanja.Hasil perhitungan yang diperoleh dalam analisis efektivitas pada tahun 2014 untuk belanja pegawai sebesar 90,87%, belanja barang 86,73%, belanja modal 96,39%, belanja bantuan sosial 100%, tahun 2015 belanja pegawai 93,36%, belanja barang 82,63%, belanja modal 97,14%, tahun 2016 belanja pegawai 99,39%, belanja barang 92,82%,belanja modal 96,24%, tahun 2017 belanja pegawai 96,36%, belanja barang 89,87%, belanja modal 95,52%, tahun 2018 belanja pegawai 98,36%, belanja barang 89,37%, belanja modal 87,87%. Sementara itu, analisis efisiensi yang menggunakan rumus rasio efisiensi, dari hasil perhitungannya pada tahun 2014 sebesar 68,90 %, tahun 2015 sebesar 83 %, tahun 2016 sebesar 66 %, dan tahun 2017 sebesar 79,64 %, tahun 2018 sebesar 57,77%

Isolasi Dan Seleksi Jamur Dan Bakteri Endofit Dari Tanaman Mimba, Beluntas Dan Gandarusa Sebagai Penghasil Fungistatik Dan Bakteriostatik Scabies

Isolation and Selection of Endophytic Fungi and Bacteria from Mimba, Beluntas and Gandarusa used for Fungi Static and Bacteria Static Scabies. This research aim to get endophytic microbes from mimba, beluntas and gandarusa to produced bacteria static and fungi static to heal sufferer animal scabies. Microbes isolated from three kinds of plants was classified based on colony and cells shape. This research placed in Biotechnology Laboratory from June-November 2008 using Completely Randomized Design. There were three treatments of plant types and 3 repeats for each isolate. The result that there were two kinds of endophytic bacteria from mimba, one kind of endophytic fungi from beluntas and one kind of endophytic bacteria from gandarusa. Endophytic bacteria isolated from mimba leaf (MDB2) had a best potential to be fungi static for scabies

Energy flow lines and the spot of Poisson-Arago

We show how energy flow lines answer the question about diffraction phenomena presented in 1818 by the French Academy: "deduce by mathematical induction, the movements of the rays during their crossing near the bodies". This provides a complementary answer to Fresnel's wave theory of light. A numerical simulation of these energy flow lines proves that they can reach the bright spot of Poisson-Arago in the shadow center of a circular opaque disc. For a monochromatic wave in vacuum, these energy flow lines correspond to the diffracted rays of Newton's Opticks

An Experimental Investigation of the Scaling of Columnar Joints

Columnar jointing is a fracture pattern common in igneous rocks in which cracks self-organize into a roughly hexagonal arrangement, leaving behind an ordered colonnade. We report observations of columnar jointing in a laboratory analog system, desiccated corn starch slurries. Using measurements of moisture density, evaporation rates, and fracture advance rates as evidence, we suggest an advective-diffusive system is responsible for the rough scaling behavior of columnar joints. This theory explains the order of magnitude difference in scales between jointing in lavas and in starches. We investigated the scaling of average columnar cross-sectional areas due to the evaporation rate, the analog of the cooling rate of igneous columnar joints. We measured column areas in experiments where the evaporation rate depended on lamp height and time, in experiments where the evaporation rate was fixed using feedback methods, and in experiments where gelatin was added to vary the rheology of the starch. Our results suggest that the column area at a particular depth is related to both the current conditions, and hysteretically to the geometry of the pattern at previous depths. We argue that there exists a range of stable column scales allowed for any particular evaporation rate.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, for supporting online movies, go to http://www.physics.utoronto.ca/nonlinear/movies/starch_movies.htm

The impact of board size on firm performance: evidence from the UK

We examine the impact of board size on firm performance for a large sample of 2746 UK listed firms over 1981-2002. The UK provides an interesting institutional setting, because UK boards play a weak monitoring role and therefore any negative effect of large board size is likely to reflect the malfunction of the board's advisory rather than monitoring role. We find that board size has a strong negative impact on profitability, Tobin's Q and share returns. This result is robust across econometric models that control for different types of endogeneity. We find no evidence that firm characteristics that determine board size in the UK lead to a more positive board size-firm performance relation. In contrast, we find that the negative relation is strongest for large firms, which tend to have larger boards. Overall, our evidence supports the argument that problems of poor communication and decision-making undermine the effectiveness of large boards

A Dynamic Programming Approach to Adaptive Fractionation

We conduct a theoretical study of various solution methods for the adaptive fractionation problem. The two messages of this paper are: (i) dynamic programming (DP) is a useful framework for adaptive radiation therapy, particularly adaptive fractionation, because it allows us to assess how close to optimal different methods are, and (ii) heuristic methods proposed in this paper are near-optimal, and therefore, can be used to evaluate the best possible benefit of using an adaptive fraction size. The essence of adaptive fractionation is to increase the fraction size when the tumor and organ-at-risk (OAR) are far apart (a "favorable" anatomy) and to decrease the fraction size when they are close together. Given that a fixed prescribed dose must be delivered to the tumor over the course of the treatment, such an approach results in a lower cumulative dose to the OAR when compared to that resulting from standard fractionation. We first establish a benchmark by using the DP algorithm to solve the problem exactly. In this case, we characterize the structure of an optimal policy, which provides guidance for our choice of heuristics. We develop two intuitive, numerically near-optimal heuristic policies, which could be used for more complex, high-dimensional problems. Furthermore, one of the heuristics requires only a statistic of the motion probability distribution, making it a reasonable method for use in a realistic setting. Numerically, we find that the amount of decrease in dose to the OAR can vary significantly (5 - 85%) depending on the amount of motion in the anatomy, the number of fractions, and the range of fraction sizes allowed. In general, the decrease in dose to the OAR is more pronounced when: (i) we have a high probability of large tumor-OAR distances, (ii) we use many fractions (as in a hyper-fractionated setting), and (iii) we allow large daily fraction size deviations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Understanding the effect of sheared flow on microinstabilities

The competition between the drive and stabilization of plasma microinstabilities by sheared flow is investigated, focusing on the ion temperature gradient mode. Using a twisting mode representation in sheared slab geometry, the characteristic equations have been formulated for a dissipative fluid model, developed rigorously from the gyrokinetic equation. They clearly show that perpendicular flow shear convects perturbations along the field at a speed we denote by $Mc_s$ (where $c_s$ is the sound speed), whilst parallel flow shear enters as an instability driving term analogous to the usual temperature and density gradient effects. For sufficiently strong perpendicular flow shear, $M >1$, the propagation of the system characteristics is unidirectional and no unstable eigenmodes may form. Perturbations are swept along the field, to be ultimately dissipated as they are sheared ever more strongly. Numerical studies of the equations also reveal the existence of stable regions when $M < 1$, where the driving terms conflict. However, in both cases transitory perturbations exist, which could attain substantial amplitudes before decaying. Indeed, for $M \gg 1$, they are shown to exponentiate $\sqrt{M}$ times. This may provide a subcritical route to turbulence in tokamaks.Comment: minor revisions; accepted to PPC

Ogbu and the debate on educational achievement: an exploration of the links between education, migration, identity and belonging

This paper looks at some of the issues raised by Ogbu’s work in relation to the education of different minority ethnic groups. Ogbu poses questions such as the value attached to education, its links to the future and its measurable outcomes in terms of ‘success’ as experienced by black participants. The desire for better life chances leads families to consider migration to a new country or resettlement within the same country, thus making migration both a local and a global phenomenon. As an example, attention is drawn to the situation facing South Asian children and their families in the UK. In terms of ethnicity and belonging, the wider question that is significant for many countries in the West after ‘Nine-Eleven’ is the education of Muslim children. A consideration of this current situation throws Ogbu’s identification of ‘autonomous minority’ into question. It is argued that a greater understanding of diverse needs has to be accompanied by a concerted effort to confront racism and intolerance in schools and in society, thus enabling all communities to make a useful contribution and to avoid the ‘risk’ of failure and disenchantment