Regeneration of plants from somatic embryos of Verticillium dahliae-resistant wild olive genotypes

Regeneration capacity, via somatic embryogenesis, of several wild olive genotypes differing in their response to Verticillium wilt (resistant genotypes Stop Vert, Out Vert, Ac4 and Ac 18 and the susceptible Ac 15) has been evaluated. To induce somatic embryogenesis, methodologies previously used in cultivated (high ratio cytokinin/auxin) or wild olive (low ratio cytokinin/auxin) were used. Obtained results revealed the importance of genotype, explant type, mineral formulation and hormonal balance in the induction process, ca. use of apical buds obtained from micropropagated shoots following the methodology of Mazri et al. (2013) in cultivated olive (4 days in liquid medium MS ½, 30 µM TDZ – 0.54 µM ANA, 8 weeks in basal medium MS ½, followed by subculturing in ECO basal medium supplemented with 0.5 µM 2iP, 0.44 µM BA and 0.25 µM IBA) was adequate to obtain somatic embryos in 2 genotypes, Stop Vert and Ac18, but no embryogenic response was observed in the other three. An analysis of genetic stability on Stop Vert, using SSR and RAPDs markers, was carried out in embryogenic callus, plants regenerated form this callus and micropropagated shoots in comparison with the mother plant. Polymorphism was only observed in the banding pattern generated by RAPDs in one of the 10 callus samples evaluated, resulting in a variation rate of 0.07%. This is the first time in which plants have been regenerated via somatic embryogenesis in wild olive.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Research project: Junta de Andalucía P11-AGR799

Crescimento individual de Drepanotrema cimex (Moricand, 1839) (Pulmonata, Planorbidae) de Arenalcito, Reserva Natural de Usos Múltiples “Isla Martín García”, Argentina

The species of the genus Drepanotrema, most of them endemic to the Neotropical region, belong to the Planorbidae. Of the nine species of this genus, six are found in Argentina. The present investigation analysed the individual growth of Drepanotrema cimex in Arenalcito pond (34°11’ S, 58°15’ W), Martín García Island Natural Reserve of Multiple Uses, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. A total of 14 samples were collected (n = 1931) from February 2006 to June 2007. Five environmental variables were measured: water temperature, dissolved oxygen (mg L-1), electrical conductivity (S cm-1), total dissolved solids, and pH. The individual growth of the species was analysed mathematically by means of the von Bertalanffy equation, where: Lt = 5,6(1-e-2,0592 (t-0,293)). The parameter L was estimated by the Ford-Walford Method. The population of D. cimex was characterised by a complex and dynamic size structure throughout the annual cycle. The analysis of the curves revealed unimodal (2006) and polymodal (April to June 2007) distributions, which pattern served to identify the existence of cohorts within the population studied.As espécies do gênero Drepanotrema, a maioria delas endêmicas da região Neotropical, pertencem ao Planorbidae. Das nove espécies desta família, seis são encontradas na Argentina. Este artigo analisa o crescimento individual de Drepanotrema cimex na lagoa de Arenalcito, Reserva Natural de Usos Múltiples Ilha Martín García, Buenos Aires, Argentina (34°11’ S - 58°15’ W). A amostragem foi realizada entre fevereiro de 2006 e junho de 2007. Durante o curso das campanhas foram obtidas 14 amostras (n = 1931). Cinco variáveis ambientais foram medidas: temperatura da água, oxigênio dissolvido (mg L-1), condutividade elétrica (uS cm-1), sólidos dissolvidos e pH. O crescimento individual das espécies foi analisada matematicamente por meio da equação de von Bertalanffy em que: Lt = 5,6 (1-e-2, 0592 (t-0, 293)). O paràmetro L foi estimada pe lo método de Ford-Walford. A população de D.cimex foi caracterizada por uma estrutura complexa e dinâmica de tamanho ao longo do ciclo anual. A análise das curvas mostrou distribuições unimodais (2006) e polimodais (abril-junho 2007), identificando a existência de coortes na população estudada.Fil: Martín, Stella Maris. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Zoología Invertebrados; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Ana Carolina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Zoología Invertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Rumi, A.. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Zoología Invertebrados; Argentin

A dark energy multiverse

We present cosmic solutions corresponding to universes filled with dark and phantom energy, all having a negative cosmological constant. All such solutions contain infinite singularities, successively and equally distributed along time, which can be either big bang/crunchs or big rips singularities. Classicaly these solutions can be regarded as associated with multiverse scenarios, being those corresponding to phantom energy that may describe the current accelerating universe

iaBastos: An Intelligent Marketplace for Agricultural Products

In this paper we present a multi-agent platform designed to support p2p auctions on agricultural products. Experiments show that it could be feasible to integrate a platform, which is de-centralized by nature, into the current socioeconomic environment. The reason is that this market is managed by hard-centralized ecosystem, and experiments with our system show a significant reduction in marketing margins for the benefit of consumers and producers

Mulching and seeding treatments for post-fire stabilization techniques in Laza (NW Spain): medium-term effects on soil quality and effectiveness

The impact of fire and different post-fire stabilisation treatments like mulching and seeding on some selected physical, chemical biochemical and microbiological properties as well as the efficacy of these treatments on control of post-fire erosion was evaluated in a burnt area affected by a high severity wildfire located in Laza (NW Spain). Soil samples were collected from the A horizon (0-2 cm) of the burnt soil 8 and 12 months after the wildfire as well as from the unburnt soil located in an adjacent plot used as control; sediments were periodically collected after precipitation events in the burnt soil with and without different post-fire stabilisation treatments. The results clearly showed that a significant medium-term impact of the wildfire on most soil properties analyzed was still observed 12 months after the fire event and that mulching and seeding treatments did not affect the overall soil quality (physical, chemical, biochemical and microbiological properties) of this burned soil. Sediments data indicated that both stabilisation treatments were effective to control post-fire erosion since, compared to the burnt control, soil losses were reduced by 85% in the mulching treatment and by 30% in the seeding treatment

Corrección de consolidación viciosa diafisaria de fémur: osteotomía en caparazón. A propósito de dos casos.

La adecuada alineación del miembro inferior es esencial para el adecuado reparto de cargas que permita una deambulación sin alteraciones. Por lo que a la hora del tratamiento de fracturas de huesos largos del miembro inferior, fundamentalmente fémur y tibia, habrá que evitar cualquier deformidad angular que a medio plazo provoque fenómenos degenerativos en las articulaciones adyacentes. Se presentan dos casos clínicos complejos, en los que se corrigieron sendas consolidaciones viciosas de fracturas diafisarias de fémur satisfactoriamente, mediante osteotomía tipo caparazón o clamshellThe lower limb alignment is essential to share correctly the bearing weight of the body to allow a suitable gait. We should take it into account when treating femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures, in order to avoid angular deformities which could lead to degenerative changes in adjacent joints. We report two complex cases, with femoral shaft malunions corrected satisfactorily by using a clamshell osteotom

Recovery of a soil under different vegetation one year after a high intensity wildfire

Studies on soil recovery in fragile ecosystems following high intensity wildfires are scarce. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the impact of a high intensity wildfire in an ecosystem under different vegetation (shrubland and pinewood) located at Vilardevós (Galicia, NW Spain) and highly susceptible to suffer soil erosion due to the steep relief and high erositivity of the rainfall. Soil samples were collected from the A horizon (0-5 cm) 1 year after the fire and soil quality was evaluated by analysis of several physical, chemical and biochemical properties measured in the fraction < 2 mm. The results showed marked effects of the wildfire on most properties analyzed even 1 year after the fire; however, a different effect both in the trend (positive, negative) and magnitude were observed, depending on the soil property analyzed. In general, the sensitivity to detect fire induced changes followed the order: biochemical properties > chemical properties > physical properties. The data also showed that the fire impact was different depending on the soil vegetation considered (shrubland and pinewood). Moreover, the data confirmed the slow soil recovery in this fragile ecosystem and, therefore, the need of adopting post-fire stabilisation and rehabilitation treatments in order to minimize the post-fire erosion and soil degradation