Lidar method of measurement of atmospheric extinction and ozone profiles

A description of a method of measurement of atmospheric extinction and of ozone profiles by use of the backscatter signal from a monostatic lidar is given. The central feature of the procedure involves a measurement of the ratio of the Raman backscatter returns of both the oxygen and nitrogen atmospheric content. Because the ratio of the number density of both species is known to high accuracy, the measurement itself becomes a measure of the ratio of two transmissions to altitude along with a ratio of the two system constants. The calibration measurement for determining the value of the ratio of the two system constants or electro-optical conversion constants is accomplished by a lidar measurement of identical atmospheric targets while at the same time interchanging the two optical filters in the two optical channels of the receiver. More details of the procedure are discussed. Factoring this calibrated value into the measured O2/N2 profile ratio provides a measured value of the ratio of the two transmissions. Or equivalently, it provides a measurement of the difference of the two extinction coefficients at the O2 and N2 Raman wavelengths as a function of the height

Trials Without End: Some Comments and Reviews on the Sacco-Vanzetti, Rosenberg, and Hiss Cases

A Review of Porter: The Never-Ending Wrong, and Meeropol & Meeropol: We Are Your Sons: The Legacy of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, and Weinstein:Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Cas

NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS OF GREAT PLAINS PSEUDO SCORPIONS (ARACHNIDA: PSEUDOSCORPIONES)

Pseudoscorpions are tiny, oval, brown, flattened arachnids that possess large pinchers in front of the body for capturing smaller prey. They generally live in forested habitats in soil litter or beneath loose bark. It has been presumed that pseudoscorpions are scarce in the Great Plains, except for along rivers, due to harsh climatic conditions. However, new records of pseudo scorpions from the Great Plains were derived from identification of specimens obtained from university and college collections, and from specimens collected by the first author. Records provided new revelations about distributions of not only the more commonly known pseudoscorpion species but also species previously not believed to be adaptable to grassland habitats. For example, Dactylochelifer silvestris Hoff, a western species, appears to be common throughout the Great Plains, with new state records from Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming. In addition, Parachernes nubilis (Hoff) previously was not known from Kansas, Nebraska, or Texas, and Parachernes virginicus Hoff, Apocheiridium stannardi Hoff, Hysterochelifer proprius Hoff, and Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler) are newly recorded for Nebraska. Records of Microbisium parvulum from Rapp (1978) in Nebraska were bolstered by five more in the state

In The Valley Of The Nile : Song

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/4629/thumbnail.jp

NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS OF GREAT PLAINS PSEUDO SCORPIONS (ARACHNIDA: PSEUDOSCORPIONES)

Pseudoscorpions are tiny, oval, brown, flattened arachnids that possess large pinchers in front of the body for capturing smaller prey. They generally live in forested habitats in soil litter or beneath loose bark. It has been presumed that pseudoscorpions are scarce in the Great Plains, except for along rivers, due to harsh climatic conditions. However, new records of pseudo scorpions from the Great Plains were derived from identification of specimens obtained from university and college collections, and from specimens collected by the first author. Records provided new revelations about distributions of not only the more commonly known pseudoscorpion species but also species previously not believed to be adaptable to grassland habitats. For example, Dactylochelifer silvestris Hoff, a western species, appears to be common throughout the Great Plains, with new state records from Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming. In addition, Parachernes nubilis (Hoff) previously was not known from Kansas, Nebraska, or Texas, and Parachernes virginicus Hoff, Apocheiridium stannardi Hoff, Hysterochelifer proprius Hoff, and Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler) are newly recorded for Nebraska. Records of Microbisium parvulum from Rapp (1978) in Nebraska were bolstered by five more in the state

Intercomparisons of high-resolution solar blind Raman lidar atmospheric profiles of water vapor with radiosondes and kytoon

A report is given of measurements of atmospheric profiles of water vapor in the boundary layer by use of solar blind Raman lidar. These measurement episodes, occuring twice a day over a two week period, were accompanied by a dense net of supporting measurements. The support included two radiosonde launches per measurement episodes as well as a kytoon support measurement of water vapor using a wet bulb-dry bulb instrument. The kytoon strategy included ten minute stops at strategic altitudes. Additional kytoon measurements included ozone profiles and nephelometric extinction profiles in the visible. Typically, six or seven 1000 shot lidar profile averages were collected during a measurement episode. Overall performance comparisons are provided and intercomparisons between auxiliary measurement devices are presented. Data on the accuracy of the lidar water vapor profiles are presented

The role of T helper type 17 cells in inflammatory arthritis

While T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis for more than three decades, the focus on the T helper type 17 (Th17) subset of CD4 T cells and their secreted cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-17, is much more recent. Proinflammatory actions of IL-17 were first identified in the 1990s, but the delineation of a distinct Th17 subset in late 2005 has sparked great interest in the role of these cells in a broad range of immune-mediated diseases. This review summarizes current understanding of the role of Th17 cells and their products in both animal models of inflammatory arthritis and human immune-driven arthritides.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75449/1/j.1365-2249.2009.04016.x.pd