Notes on Trichosiphonaphis (Xenomyzus) cortices Aizenberg, 1935 and T. (X.) foliotus Shaposhnikov in Juchnevitch, 1968, nomem nudum (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Description of oviparous females and the first description of aptcrous males of Trichosiphe naphis (Xmomyrus) corZicis (Aizenberg. 1935) are given. T. (X) foliotus Shaposhnikov in Juchnevitch. 1968 is a nomcn nudum and synonym of Loniceraphis paradoxus Narzikulov, 1962

Addition to the aphid fauna of Belorussia (Homoptera: Aphidoidea) with detailed description of sexuales of Semiaphis anthrisci (Kaltenbach, 1843)

For the fi rst time, Therioaphis luteola (Börner, 1949), Aphis chloris Koch, 1854, Aphis craccae Linnaeus, 1758, Aphis galiiscabri Schrank, 1801, Aphis newtoni Theobald, 1927, Aphis thalictri Koch, 1854, Aphis (Bursaphis) epilobiaria Theobald, 1927, Brachycaudus (Appelia) tragopoginis (Kaltenbach, 1843), Brachycaudus (Brachycaudina) aconiti (Mordvilko, 1928), Dysaphis hirsutissima (Börner, 1940), Acaudinum centaureae (Koch, 1854), Hydaphias molluginis Börner, 1939, Semiaphis anthrisci (Kaltenbach, 1843), Uroleucon (Lambersius) erigeronense (Thomas, 1878) and Uroleucon (Uromelan) campanulae (Kaltenbach, 1843) are recorded from Byelorussia. The detailed description of oviparous female and male of S. anthrisci are given

The Dualism of the Graffiti Phenomenon

The article deals with the multi-aspect phenomenon of graffiti, and the phenomenon itself is perceived as a form of street art. The author gives a partial explanation of such basic concepts as writer, bombing, tags, etc., touches upon the conceptualization of the phenomenon on the example of Yekaterinburg art objects and the role of cultural practices (festivals) in the perception of graffiti. Also, the article presents the data of sociological research on the subject of attitude to graffiti (as an art or vandalism) and examines the legal regulation of the phenomenon in our country: legal and illegal activities of artists, their copyright to remuneration, the right to the inviolability of graffiti works, etc. And finally, the Russian book market of printed products for publications on graffiti is investigated for the period from 2000 to 2018.В статье рассматривается многоаспектность феномена граффити, а само явление воспринимается как вид уличного искусства. Дается частичное объяснение таких базовых понятий, как writer, bombing, теги и т. д., затрагивается концептуализация феномена на примере екатеринбургских арт-объектов и роль культурных практик (фестивалей) в восприятии граффити. Также в работе приводятся данные социологического исследования об отношении к граффити (как к искусству или вандализму) и рассматривается правовое регулирование феномена в нашей стране: легальная и нелегальная деятельность художников, их авторское право на вознаграждение, исключительное право на неприкосновенность граффити-произведения и т. д. В заключительной части статьи исследуется российский рынок изданий о граффити за период с 2000 по 2018 г

Surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurisms

Secția Chirurgie Vasculară IMSP SCR, Al XI-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova și cea de-a XXXIII-a Reuniune a Chirurgilor din Moldova „Iacomi-Răzeșu” 27-30 septembrie 2011În secția chirurgie vasculară a IMSP SCR, pe parcursul anilor 1988-2010 au fost operați 224 pacienți cu anevrisme ale aortei abdominale. SCa criteriu diagnostic pentru anevrism s-a considerat dilatarea aortei abdominale cu două diametre şi mai mult. Vârsta pacienților a fost cuprinsă între 15 şi 89 ani. Din totalul de pacienți 79,5%(178) au fost bărbați şi 20,5%(46) femei. La 18,75%(42) pacienți anevrismele au fost complicate prin ruptură completă sau incompletă, fiind operați în regim de urgență imediată. Etiologia a fost: ateroscleroza - 94,65% (212), aortoarteriita nespecifică - 3,57% (8), sindromul Marfan - 1,78% (4). Diagnosticul a fost stabilit clinic, ultrasonografic, prin Duplex vascular, angio-CT, aortografie, RMN. În 3 cazuri (1,34%) anevrismul implica şi arterele renale. Doi pacienți, neincluşi în studiu, au decedat preoperator prin hemoragie masivă cauzată de ruptura spontană a anevrismului în duoden şi cavitatea abdominală liberă. Toți pacienții au fost supuşi rezecției anevrismului aortal cu protezare aorto-distală (aortală, biiliacă, ilio-femurală, bifemurală), iar în 3 cazuri cu replantarea arterelor renale şi viscerale. Mortalitatea în anevrismele rupte a fost 57% (24), iar în cele complicate - 8% (18). Concluzii: pe parcursul ultimilor 5 ani a crescut ponderea pacienților cu anevrisme simptomatice sau deja complicate prin ruptură, astfel că toți pacienții cu factori de risc trecuți de 50 ani trebuie supuşi screening-ului prin USG sau Dopplerografie. Mortalitatea postoperatorie în anevrismele rupte s-a micşorat cu 13 %, iar în cele operate programat cu 7,55%. Implimentarea metodei endovasculare ar permite reducerea substanțială a acestui indice, mai ales în cazul anevrismelor complicate prin ruptură.During the period of 1988 - 2010, 224 patients underwent surgery for abdominal aortic aneurisms. The main diagnostic criteria was dilatation of the abdominal aorta by two diameters and more. All patients were aged between 15 and 89. Of all patients 79,5% (178) were males and 20,5% (46) were female. In 18,75% (42) cases, a complete or incomplete rupture of the aneurisms occurred. These patients underwent urgent surgery. Etiology: atherosclerosis – 94,65% (212), nonspecific aortoarteritis – 3,57% (8), Marfan syndrome – 1,78% (4). The diagnosis was made by clinical findings, vascular Duplex scanning, angio-CT and MRI. In 3(1,34%) cases the aneurism involved the renal arteries. There were two lethal outcomes, one caused by spontaneous rupture of the aneurism in the duodenum and the second caused by rupture into the peritoneal cavity. These cases were not included in the study. All patients underwent aneurism resection with aortal –distal (aortic, biiliac, ilio-femural, bifemural) allografting, while in three cases reimplantation of the renal arteries was necessary. The mortality in cases of ruptured aneurisms consisted 57% (24), and in cases of uncomplicated aneurisms – 8% (18).Conclusions: During the last 5 years we observed a raise in the rate of symptomatic aneurisms, including those complicated with rupture. Aortic ultrasonography or dopplerography should be used as screening methods in all patients, with risk factors, that are aged 50 and more. Postoperative mortality in cases of ruptured aneurisms has decreased by 13%, while in cases of planned aneurism surgery by 7,55%. Implementation of endovascular techniques would reduce substantially these indices

Nanomotion technology in combination with machine learning: a new approach for a rapid antibiotic susceptibility test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Nanomotion technology is a growth-independent approach that can be used to detect and record the vibrations of bacteria attached to cantilevers. We have developed a nanomotion-based antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) protocol for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The protocol was used to predict strain phenotype towards isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) using a leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and machine learning techniques. This MTB-nanomotion protocol takes 21 h, including cell suspension preparation, optimized bacterial attachment to functionalized cantilever, and nanomotion recording before and after antibiotic exposure. We applied this protocol to MTB isolates (n = 40) and were able to discriminate between susceptible and resistant strains for INH and RIF with a maximum sensitivity of 97.4% and 100%, respectively, and a maximum specificity of 100% for both antibiotics when considering each nanomotion recording to be a distinct experiment. Grouping recordings as triplicates based on source isolate improved sensitivity and specificity to 100% for both antibiotics. Nanomotion technology can potentially reduce time-to-result significantly compared to the days and weeks currently needed for current phenotypic ASTs for MTB. It can further be extended to other anti-TB drugs to help guide more effective TB treatment

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) may enhance recovery from stroke through neuroprotective mechanisms if administered early, or neurorepair if given later. Several small trials suggest administration is safe but effects on efficacy are unclear. We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) assessing G-CSF in patients with hyperacute, acute, subacute or chronic stroke, and asked Investigators to share individual patient data on baseline characteristics, stroke severity and type, end-of trial modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index, haematological parameters, serious adverse events and death. Multiple variable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, baseline severity and time-to-treatment. Individual patient data were obtained for 6 of 10 RCTs comprising 196 stroke patients (116 G-CSF, 80 placebo), mean age 67.1 (SD 12.9), 92% ischaemic, median NIHSS 10 (IQR 5-15), randomised 11 days (interquartile range IQR 4-238) post ictus; data from three commercial trials were not shared. G-CSF did not improve mRS (ordinal regression), odds ratio OR 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 1.96, p=0.62). There were more patients with a serious adverse event in the G-CSF group (29.6% versus 7.5%, p=0.07) with no significant difference in all-cause mortality (G-CSF 11.2%, placebo 7.6%, p=0.4). Overall, G-CSF did not improve stroke outcome in this individual patient data meta-analysis

The use of extraanatomic by-passes in vascular surgery

Republica Moldova, IMSP SCR, Secția Chirurgie vasculară, Al XI-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova și cea de-a XXXIII-a Reuniune a Chirurgilor din Moldova „Iacomi-Răzeșu” 27-30 septembrie 2011Pînă în prezent nu sunt stabilite cu precizie indicațiile pentru intervenție, tehnicile de aplicare a by-passului extraanatomic şi criteriile de selectare a pacienților. Studiul de față are ca scop elucidarea acestor probleme folosind analiza rezultatelor a unui eşantion de 38 pacienți cu by-passuri extraanatomice operați în perioada anilor 1987- 2010. Indicații pentru efectuarea by-passului extraanatomic a fost ischemia critică a membrelor inferioare asociată cu patologia cardiovasculară şi pulmonară avansată la 21 de pacienți. Alt grup la care s-au aplicat by-passuri de ocolire a fost format din 6 pacienți cu procese supurative. La pacienții cu trautisme vasculare asociate cu distrugere importantă şi infectare a țesuturilor adiacente au fost aplicate 11 by-passuri extraanatomice. Rezultatele obținute depind în mare masură de patul vascular periferic. La pacienții cu ischemie critică pe fondalul aterosclerozei obliterante, cu patologie cardiovasculară şi pulmonară avansată sau cu procese supurative se presupunea o posibilă afectare cronică a patului periferic, astfel rezultatele fiind nu cele mai bune – aproximativ jumatate din by-passuri s-au trombozat în perioada postoperatorie precoce ori la un an. La pacienții cu traumatisme vasculare care prezentau un pat vascular periferic permiabil, toate by-passurile erau funcționale pe toată perioada de observație (de la 1 la 11 ani). Aşadar, şunturile extraanatomice prezintă o alternativă revascularizarilor clasice la anumite grupuri de pacienți şi sunt unica şansă de salvare a membrelor. Aceste proceduri sunt indicate pacienților cu procese supurative, pentru ocolirea zonei afectate. Un alt grup prezintă pacienții cu patologie cardiovasculară şi pulmonară avansată, astfel by-passurile extraanatomice find mai puțin traumatice decît cele tradiționale. La pacienții cu traumatisme vasculare associate cu distrucții tisulare adiacente extinse şi plagi cu contaminare bacteriana severă bypassurile extraanatomice sunt de electie. Cu siguranță aceste proceduri trebuie să le posede oricare chirurg vascular.Until now there are no precise criteria regarding the surgical management of extraanatomic by-passes. This incudes indications for surgery, by-pass application techniques and patient selection. The aim of the study is to elucidate this problem, by analyzing the outcomes of 38 patients with extraanatomic by-passes. All patients underwent surgery between 1987-2010. Critical ischaemia of the lower limbs associated with advanced cardiovascular and pulmonary pathology served as indication for the use of extraanatomic by-passes in 21 patients. Another group of 6 patients operated with extraanatomic by-passes had septic processes and 11 patients with vascular injuries associated with bacterial contamination and delabrante wounds. The results mostly depended on the peripheral vascular bed. In patients with critical ischaemia associated with atherosclerosis and advanced cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, or septic processes, the peripheral vascular bed was chronically affected, thus negatively influencing the results – thrombosis of the by-passes in the early postoperative period or after one year occurred in one half of patients. In patients with a satisfactory runoff, all by-passes were patent through all the observation period (from 1 to 11 years). In conclusion the extraanatomic by-passes represent an alternative choice for classical revascularization surgery in some groups of patients, and are the only solution for limb salvage. These interventions are indicated in patients with suppurative processes, to avoid the septic focus. Another group consists of patients with associated advanced cardiovascular and pulmonary pathology, thus the extraanatomic by-passes being less traumatic then the traditional ones. Extraanatomic by-passes are also indicated in cases of vascular injuries associated with bacterial contamination and delabrante wounds. Certainly these are procedures that every vascular surgeon must possess

Revascularization of the infrapopliteal arterial segment in occlusive-stenotic processes

Republica Moldova, IMSP SCR, FPM, Clinica de chirurgie, Secția chirurgie vasculară, Al XI-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova și cea de-a XXXIII-a Reuniune a Chirurgilor din Moldova „Iacomi-Răzeșu” 27-30 septembrie 2011Scopul: Studierea rezultatelor precoce ale revascularizărilor chirurgicale a segmentului arterial infrapopliteu în procesele ocluziv-stenotice. Materiale şi metode: Pe parcursul anilor 1995-2010 în secția de Chirurgie Vasculară s-au efectuat 566 de intervenții chirurgicale la 533 pacienți, dintre care 33 la ambele membre inferioare. La 82% pacienți s-a determinat gr III -IV de ischemie la nivelul membrelor inferioare, fapt ce prezintă indicație absolută pentru a interveni chirurgical. Tactica şi volumul operator a fost apreciat conform rezultatelor investigațiilor clinice, duplex scanare, angiografie, CT angiografie şi explorare intraoperatorie. Intervențiile de preferință efectuate au constituit, by-passurile cu grefon safen intern inversat şi trombendarterectomiile din arterele poplitea şi tibială cu petic din autovenă. În 68 (12%) cazuri au fost revascularizate şi segmentele proximale necesitînd by-pass aorto-femural sau femuro-popliteu respectiv. Rezultate: În perioada postoperatorie precoce, retrombozele au survenit în 73 (12,9%) cazuri, dintre care la 28 pacienți datorită reintervențiilor precoce am obținut rezultate favorabile. La 37 pacienți s-a recurs la amputarea coapsei sau gambei. Concluzie: Conform datelor noastre, revascularizarea segmentului arterial infrapopliteu în procesele ocluziv-stenotice este posibilă în 92,5% cazuri. Intervențiile de preferință conform indicațiilor şi investigațiilor efectuate, au constituit by-passurile şi trombendarterectomiile cu folosirea materialului autolog.Aim of the study: Evaluation of early results of surgical revascularization of the infrapopliteal arterial segment in the occlusive-stenotic processes. Material and methods: During the period of 1995-2010 in the Department of Vascular Surgery there have been performed 566 operations in 533 patients, of which 33 for both lower limbs. Critical ischemia was identified in 82% of patients, determining absolute indications for surgery. Further surgical tactics were appreciated after physical examination, duplex scan, angiography, CT angiography and intraoperatory exploration. The elective surgical procedure was by-pass with reversed autologous internal saphenous graft and thrombendarterectomy from the popliteal and tibial arteries with autovenous patch. Proximal segment revascularization using aorto-femoral or femuropopliteal by-passes were necessary in 68 (12%) of cases. Results: The early postoperative period was complicated by rethrombosis in 73 (12,9%) cases. Early reintervention has been performed to 28 patients with satisfactory results. In 37 cases high amputations were necessary. Conclusion: Revascularization of the infrapopliteal arterial segment in occlusive-stenotic processes was possible in 92,5% of cases. The surgical procedures of choice were by-passes and thrombendarterectomy with use of autologous material