Comparative study of transparent conductive In2O3:Sn (ITO) coatings made using a sol and a nanoparticle suspension

Transparent conducting In2O3:Sn (ITO) layers have been deposited by spin coating on glass substrates using two different solutions, an ethylene glycol solution of indium and tin salts (sol) and a suspension of crystalline ITO nanoparticles redispersed in ethanol. the coatings have been sintered in air at 550°C for 30 min. and then post annealed in a reducing atmosphere at 300°C for 30 min. The electrical, optical, morphological and mechanical properties of both types of coatings are compared. The use of the suspension leads to thick 500 nm single layers with a specific resistivity p=1.6 x 10(-2) Omegacm but only very thin ones, about 12 nm for a single layer, with p=1.8 x 10(-3) Omegacm (a factor 10 smaller) are obtained using the sol. The resisitivity still decreases down to a minium p=6 x 10(-4) Omegacm for multilayer coatings, a value quite close to that obtained by PVD or CVD processes. These differences originate from the different morphologies of the coatings. The conventional sol-gel layers exhibit a columnar structure with a low porosity (28%) while the others have a granular structure with a high porosity (51%). Corresponding the electron mobility µ is 14 and 1.1 cm²/Vs, respectively. The visible transmission of both types of layers is high (T>85%). The influence of the sintering temperature is also discussed

Wet coating deposition of ITO coatings on plastic substrates

In2O3:Sn (ITO) transparent conducting coatings of high optical quality have been obtained on glass and several plastic substrates by spin and dip coating processes followed by a low temperature processing (T < 130°C). The sols are made of crystalline nanoparticles redispersable in an alcohol and modified by adding a binder to favour the coalescing of the particles and to allow the deposition of thick single layers (>400 nm). The smallest stable resistivity so far obtained is &rho; =

Wet-chemical processing of transparent and antiglare conducting ITO coating on plastic substrates

The paper reviews a low temperature sol-gel processing of transparent and antiglare conducting Sn doped indium oxide (ITO) coatings. The approach uses already crystalline nanoparticles which can be fully redispersed in an ethanolic sol containing a polymerisable organic binder. Thick single layers up to 600 nm can be deposited by spin and dip coating techniques followed either by a low temperature (<130°C) heat treatment or by a UV light irradiation. Stable resistivity down to 9.

Changing and unchanging on Tadpole domination number in G − e, G + e graphs

In this paper, the effect of “Tadpole domination” change is examined, which is one of the domination types, when a graph is modified, by deleting or adding an edge in G. This edge deletion may represent a cut in a network. The occurrence of any interruption in connections of this network may lead to the pause of data transmission in the network and thus affect the work of the entire network, as well as the need to create new necessary connections within the network or excluding others for the possibility of reducing the cost. Based on these criteria “Tadpole domination number” change has been examined. The increase, decrease, and non-increase or decrease was determined for this number, in case of deletion or addition, and we have proved some basic cases for this domination change.Publisher's Versio

Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm parameters, oxidative stress and Chromatin maturity in seminal fluid of infertile patients with varicocele

This study aimed to determine the effect of varicocelectomy on sperm parameters, oxidant- antioxidant status and chromatin maturity percent. The current study has been conducted on 154 infertile patients complaining from varicocele and varicocelomized men in addition to 25 fertile men as control. The results revealed significant decrease (

Novel Framework for Hidden Data in the Image Page within Executable File Using Computation between Advanced Encryption Standard and Distortion Techniques

The hurried development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information. In additional, digital document is also easy to copy and distribute, therefore it may face many threats. It became necessary to find an appropriate protection due to the significance, accuracy and sensitivity of the information. Furthermore, there is no formal method to be followed to discover a hidden data. In this paper, a new information hiding framework is presented.The proposed framework aim is implementation of framework computation between advance encryption standard (AES) and distortion technique (DT) which embeds information in image page within executable file (EXE file) to find a secure solution to cover file without change the size of cover file. The framework includes two main functions; first is the hiding of the information in the image page of EXE file, through the execution of four process (specify the cover file, specify the information file, encryption of the information, and hiding the information) and the second function is the extraction of the hiding information through three process (specify the stego file, extract the information, and decryption of the information).Comment: 6 Pages IEEE Format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact Factor 0.42

The effects of fermented feed on broiler production and intestinal morphology

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of wet feed and fermented feed on the intestinal morphology and histology of broiler chicks. A total of 360 one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned (CRD) into six treatment groups. Chicks were fed: (T1) Control group of dry feed; (T2) Fed on wet feed (1:1, feed: water); (T3) 25% fermented feed + 75% dry feed; (T4) 50% fermented feed + 50% dry feed; (T5) 75% fermented feed + 25% dry feed and (T6) 100%, fermented feed throughout the experimental period. Each treatment group was replicated three times using 20 chicks per replicate. The chicks were raised at a temperature and in humidity controlled room with a 24-h. constant light and had ad. libitum access to water and feed throughout the experimental period which lasted for six weeks. The results showed that all diets containing fermented feed, especially 100%, had dependent effects on the evaluated production characteristics. The feeds had significantly (P < 0.05) increased the relative weight and length of the small intestine. Likewise, it raised the villi height, crypt depth and the percentage of the villi height to crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased. In conclusion, the results of the current experiment indicated that fermented feed with probiotic would be beneficial economically since the broiler feed conversion ratio had been improved (2.4% in T2; 4.1% in T3; 5.3% in T4; 5.3% in T5 and 7.7% in T6) as a consequence to enhance their intestinal morphology

Direct contact ultrasound for fouling control and flux enhancement in air-gap membrane distillation

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Air Gap Membrane distillation (AGMD) is a thermally driven separation process capable of treating challenging water types, but its low productivity is a major drawback. Membrane fouling is a common problem in many membrane treatment systems, which exacerbates AGMD's low overall productivity. In this study, we investigated the direct application of low-power ultrasound (8–23 W), as an in-line cleaning and performance boosting technique for AGMD. Two different highly saline feedwaters, namely natural groundwater (3970 μS/cm) and RO reject stream water (12760 μS/cm) were treated using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Theoretical calculations and experimental investigations are presented, showing that the applied ultrasonic power range only produced acoustic streaming effects that enhanced cleaning and mass transfer. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) analysis showed that ultrasound was capable of effectively removing silica and calcium scaling. Ultrasound application on a fouled membrane resulted in a 100% increase in the permeate flux. Cleaning effects accounted for around 30–50% of this increase and the remainder was attributed to mass transfer improvements. Contaminant rejection percentages were consistently high for all treatments (>99%), indicating that ultrasound did not deteriorate the membrane structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the membrane surface was used to confirm this observation. The images of the membrane surface demonstrated that ultrasound successfully cleaned the previously fouled membrane, with no signs of structural damage. The results of this study highlight the efficient and effective application of direct low power ultrasound for improving AGMD performance