The role of explicit contrast in adjective acquisition: a cross-linguistic longitudinal study of adjective production in spontaneous child speech and parental input

Experimental studies demonstrate that contrast helps toddlers to extend the meanings of novel adjectives. This study explores whether antonym co-occurrence in spontaneous speech also has an effect on adjective use by the child. The authors studied adjective production in longitudinal speech samples from 16 children (16–36 months) acquiring eight different languages. Adjectives in child speech and child-directed speech were coded as either unrelated or related to a contrastive term in the preceding context. Results show large differences between children in the growth of adjective production. These differences are strongly related to contrast use. High contrast users not only increase adjective use earlier, but also reach a stable level of adjective production in the investigated period. Average or low contrast users increase their adjective production more slowly and do not reach a plateau in the period covered by this study. Initially there is a strong relation between contrast use in child speech and child-directed speech, but this relation diminishes with age. </jats:p

(In)Complete acquisition of Turkish among Turkish German bilinguals in Germany and Turkey: an analysis of complex embeddings in narratives

Although most researchers recognise that the language repertoire of bilinguals can mvary, few studies have tried to address variation in bilingual competence in any detail. This study aims to take a first step towards further understanding the way in which bilingual competencies can vary at the level of syntax by comparing the use of syntactic embeddings among three different groups of Turkish/German bilinguals. The approach of the present paper is new in that different groups of bilinguals are compared with each other, and not only with monolingual speakers, as is common in most studies in the field. The analysis focuses on differences in the use of embeddings in Turkish, which are generally considered to be one of the more complex aspects of Turkish grammar. The study shows that young Turkish/German bilingual adults who were born and raised in Germany use fewer, and less complex embeddings than Turkish/German bilingual returnees who had lived in Turkey for eight years at the time of recording. The present study provides new insights in the nature of bilingual competence, as well as a new perspective on syntactic change in immigrant Turkish as spoken in Europe

Relating events in narrative : typological and contextual perspectives

Item does not contain fulltext610 p

Lenfadenopati ve kilo kaybı ile başvuran yedi yaşında erkek hastanın periferik kan yaymasında mavi sitoplazmalı, nukleoluslu hücreler

SORU-CEVA

Determination of fruit retention rates of some persimmon cultivars in relation to pollination

This study was conducted during years 2013-2015 in a genetic resources garden located at the Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute. Eight cultivars of Trabzon persimmon registered by the Institute (‘Kaplan’, ‘Ayder’, ‘Yeşilırmak’, ‘Onur’, ‘Akbulut’, ‘İrem’, ‘Türkay’, ‘Çoruh 1’) and 1 standard persimmon cultivar (‘Fuyu’) were used for this experiment. Applying free pollination was compared to applying isolation on these species. The value of harvested fruits was determined in percent by comparing number of flowers to number of fruits retained; and by comparing the amount of fallen flowers, the number of harvested fruits and the number of flowers at the beginning of the application process. Also, some physical and chemical quality criteria was analyzed on the fruits. According to the results obtained, the average number of flowers fallen when applying pollination was 13.90% and when applying isolation it was 38.90%. The ratio of harvested fruits when applying pollination was 40.51% and when applying isolation it was determined to be 25.50%. Also, when applying natural pollination average fruit weight and the amount of dry matter dissolving in water were, in that order, 96.14 g and 16%; and when applying isolation it was determined to be 130.83 g and 25.50%. © 2018 International Society for Horticultural Science. All Rights Reserved