29 research outputs found
The Development of Industrial Cluster and Firm-Level Strategy : A Case Study of the Taiwanese IC Industry
Get PDF2009-03The main purpose of this paper is to shed light on interaction between inter-firm relationship in an industrial cluster and firm-level strategy. Existing cluster studies mention various merits of clustering and try to examine the existence and impact of these merits through case studies of various industries in various regions. However, they rarely pay attention to firm-level strategic intents. Although some of cluster merits may be realized passively, the principal suggestion of this paper is that the full potential of clustering is brought out only when many of local firms intentionally adopt an appropriate strategy to enhance and mobilize local business resources for their growth. Conversely, a specific set of local resources may promote a particular type of firm-level strategy which is advantageous in a certain industrial sector. The mere presence of a cluster and the textbook-like examination of cluster merits do not fully explain why firms of a specific region are especially competitive in a certain industry. Local business resources consist of relational as well as physical ones, and the former is critical for continuous regional development. Therefore, in this paper, based on a detailed analysis of the Taiwanese IC industry which is one of the most successful cases of the latecomer development relying on a cluster, I will examine how inter-firm relationship (including both cooperative and competitive aspects) in the cluster facilitates firm-level strategic efforts and vice versa, and how a favorable interaction between these two elements brings the growth of Taiwanese firms and the regional development dynamism.departmental bulletin pape
イングランドのWorking Scientificallyを日本の中学校に導入する研究 : 理科を学ぶ意義の理解と科学的な資質・能力を高める効果を中心に<教育科学>
Get PDFStudies have shown that the level of students’ understanding the importance of learning science of English secondary schools is high. In the National Curriculum in England, “Working Scientifically (WS)” is taught as a content domain besides biology, chemistry and physics. By introducing the contents covered in WS into Japanese science curriculum, we expect it lead to the improvement of students' understanding of importance of learning science.
Our previous research showed that in Japan, the elements equivalent to WS are partially covered in Japanese curriculum but not a few elements are rarely covered.
The purpose of this study is to develop lesson plans for Japanese junior-high school and verify the effect of teaching the elements of WS, which are rarely taught including scientific competencies as “judgment risks”, “decision making scientifically”, and “interpreting statistically”.
From the results of one lesson for 8th grade (n=205) and 9th grade (n=185), respectively, it was found that the lessons incorporating the elements of WS can develop students’ understanding the importance of learning science and their scientific competencies.textapplication/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape
Cognitive and behavior therapies for procrastination in university student : a review
Get PDF本稿の目的は，大学生の先延ばし(procrastination)に対する認知・行動療法の展望を行うことであった。まず，先延ばしの定義や経験率について紹介された。次に，先延ばしがパフォーマンスや精神的健康に与える悪影響について紹介された。続いて，先延ばし研究で用いられている先延ばしの測定指標について，自己記入式尺度と行動指標が紹介された。そして，先延ばしに対し有効性が示されている認知・行動療法，中でも，従来の認知・行動療法(CBT)と，第三世代の認知・行動療法とされるアクセプタンス＆コミットメント・セラピー(ACT)を適用した先行研究を概観した。最後に，今後の先延ばしに対する認知・行動療法の課題について展望が行われ，介入のプロセスやメカニズムを検討すること，介入効果の維持を検討すること，自己記入式尺度と同時に先延ばしの行動指標とともに効果検証を行うこと，が課題として挙げられた。研究動向application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape
An Efficient Synthesis of Mimetics of Neamine for RNA Recognition
No full textAs mimetics of neamine, several 4-heterocyclic 2-deoxystreptamine derivatives were chemically synthesized for RNA recognition. Conversion
of 4-methylthiomethyl-5,6-di-O-acetyl-diazido-2-deoxystreptamine to the 4-chloromethyl derivative followed by reactions with different nuclophilic
reagents gave the 4-heterocyclic 2-deoxystreptamine derivatives in satisfactory yields
Lipophilic G-Quadruplexes Are Self-Assembled Ion Pair Receptors, and the Bound Anion Modulates the Kinetic Stability of These Complexes
No full textWith an eye toward the eventual selective modification of noncovalent structures, we used ESI-MS, X-ray crystallography, and NMR spectroscopy to study the anion's influence on the structure and
dynamics of self-assembled ion pair receptors formed from guanosine G 1. We compared five complexes
of formula (G 1)16·2Ba2+·4A- containing different organic anions: 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (2), 2,6-dinitrophenolate (3), 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenolate (4), 4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrophenolate (5), and 2,5-dinitrophenolate (6). Crystallography reveals that anion−nucleobase hydrogen bond geometry is sensitive
to both phenolate basicity and structure. For the 2,6-substituted anions 2−5, progressive shortening of
anion−nucleobase hydrogen bonds is correlated with increased phenolate basicity. Lipophilic G-quadruplexes with different anions also have much different kinetic stabilities in CD2Cl2 solution. Proton
NMR shows that free 6 exchanges faster with G-quadruplex-bound anion than do the 2,6-dinitrophenolates
2−5. The increased lability of 6 is probably because, unlike the 2,6-dinitrophenolates, this anion cannot
effectively chelate separate G8·M2+ octamers via anion−nucleobase hydrogen bonds. In addition to these
structural effects, the anion's basicity modulates the anion exchange rate between its free and bound states.
2D EXSY NMR shows that 3 and 5 exchange about 7 times slower than the less basic picrate (2). The use
of 3, a relatively basic dinitrophenolate that hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of the two “inner” G4-quartets, resulted in extraordinary kinetic stabilization of the G-quadruplex in CD2Cl2. Thus, no isomerization
product (G 1)8·Ba2+·(G 1)8·Sr2+·4(3) was observed even 2 months after the separate G-quadruplexes (G
1)16·2Ba2+·4(3) and (G 1)16·2Sr2+·4(3) were combined in CD2Cl2. In sharp contrast, G-quadruplexes
containing the isomeric 6 anion have isomerization half-lives of approximately t1/2 = 30 min under identical
conditions. All the evidence indicates that the structure and electronics of the organic anions, bound to the
assembly's periphery, are crucial for controlling the kinetic stability of these cation-filled G-quadruplexes
Lipophilic G-Quadruplexes Are Self-Assembled Ion Pair Receptors, and the Bound Anion Modulates the Kinetic Stability of These Complexes
No full textWith an eye toward the eventual selective modification of noncovalent structures, we used ESI-MS, X-ray crystallography, and NMR spectroscopy to study the anion's influence on the structure and
dynamics of self-assembled ion pair receptors formed from guanosine G 1. We compared five complexes
of formula (G 1)16·2Ba2+·4A- containing different organic anions: 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (2), 2,6-dinitrophenolate (3), 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenolate (4), 4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrophenolate (5), and 2,5-dinitrophenolate (6). Crystallography reveals that anion−nucleobase hydrogen bond geometry is sensitive
to both phenolate basicity and structure. For the 2,6-substituted anions 2−5, progressive shortening of
anion−nucleobase hydrogen bonds is correlated with increased phenolate basicity. Lipophilic G-quadruplexes with different anions also have much different kinetic stabilities in CD2Cl2 solution. Proton
NMR shows that free 6 exchanges faster with G-quadruplex-bound anion than do the 2,6-dinitrophenolates
2−5. The increased lability of 6 is probably because, unlike the 2,6-dinitrophenolates, this anion cannot
effectively chelate separate G8·M2+ octamers via anion−nucleobase hydrogen bonds. In addition to these
structural effects, the anion's basicity modulates the anion exchange rate between its free and bound states.
2D EXSY NMR shows that 3 and 5 exchange about 7 times slower than the less basic picrate (2). The use
of 3, a relatively basic dinitrophenolate that hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of the two “inner” G4-quartets, resulted in extraordinary kinetic stabilization of the G-quadruplex in CD2Cl2. Thus, no isomerization
product (G 1)8·Ba2+·(G 1)8·Sr2+·4(3) was observed even 2 months after the separate G-quadruplexes (G
1)16·2Ba2+·4(3) and (G 1)16·2Sr2+·4(3) were combined in CD2Cl2. In sharp contrast, G-quadruplexes
containing the isomeric 6 anion have isomerization half-lives of approximately t1/2 = 30 min under identical
conditions. All the evidence indicates that the structure and electronics of the organic anions, bound to the
assembly's periphery, are crucial for controlling the kinetic stability of these cation-filled G-quadruplexes
Lipophilic G-Quadruplexes Are Self-Assembled Ion Pair Receptors, and the Bound Anion Modulates the Kinetic Stability of These Complexes
No full textWith an eye toward the eventual selective modification of noncovalent structures, we used ESI-MS, X-ray crystallography, and NMR spectroscopy to study the anion's influence on the structure and
dynamics of self-assembled ion pair receptors formed from guanosine G 1. We compared five complexes
of formula (G 1)16·2Ba2+·4A- containing different organic anions: 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (2), 2,6-dinitrophenolate (3), 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenolate (4), 4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrophenolate (5), and 2,5-dinitrophenolate (6). Crystallography reveals that anion−nucleobase hydrogen bond geometry is sensitive
to both phenolate basicity and structure. For the 2,6-substituted anions 2−5, progressive shortening of
anion−nucleobase hydrogen bonds is correlated with increased phenolate basicity. Lipophilic G-quadruplexes with different anions also have much different kinetic stabilities in CD2Cl2 solution. Proton
NMR shows that free 6 exchanges faster with G-quadruplex-bound anion than do the 2,6-dinitrophenolates
2−5. The increased lability of 6 is probably because, unlike the 2,6-dinitrophenolates, this anion cannot
effectively chelate separate G8·M2+ octamers via anion−nucleobase hydrogen bonds. In addition to these
structural effects, the anion's basicity modulates the anion exchange rate between its free and bound states.
2D EXSY NMR shows that 3 and 5 exchange about 7 times slower than the less basic picrate (2). The use
of 3, a relatively basic dinitrophenolate that hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of the two “inner” G4-quartets, resulted in extraordinary kinetic stabilization of the G-quadruplex in CD2Cl2. Thus, no isomerization
product (G 1)8·Ba2+·(G 1)8·Sr2+·4(3) was observed even 2 months after the separate G-quadruplexes (G
1)16·2Ba2+·4(3) and (G 1)16·2Sr2+·4(3) were combined in CD2Cl2. In sharp contrast, G-quadruplexes
containing the isomeric 6 anion have isomerization half-lives of approximately t1/2 = 30 min under identical
conditions. All the evidence indicates that the structure and electronics of the organic anions, bound to the
assembly's periphery, are crucial for controlling the kinetic stability of these cation-filled G-quadruplexes
Lipophilic G-Quadruplexes Are Self-Assembled Ion Pair Receptors, and the Bound Anion Modulates the Kinetic Stability of These Complexes
No full textWith an eye toward the eventual selective modification of noncovalent structures, we used ESI-MS, X-ray crystallography, and NMR spectroscopy to study the anion's influence on the structure and
dynamics of self-assembled ion pair receptors formed from guanosine G 1. We compared five complexes
of formula (G 1)16·2Ba2+·4A- containing different organic anions: 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (2), 2,6-dinitrophenolate (3), 4-methyl-2,6-dinitrophenolate (4), 4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrophenolate (5), and 2,5-dinitrophenolate (6). Crystallography reveals that anion−nucleobase hydrogen bond geometry is sensitive
to both phenolate basicity and structure. For the 2,6-substituted anions 2−5, progressive shortening of
anion−nucleobase hydrogen bonds is correlated with increased phenolate basicity. Lipophilic G-quadruplexes with different anions also have much different kinetic stabilities in CD2Cl2 solution. Proton
NMR shows that free 6 exchanges faster with G-quadruplex-bound anion than do the 2,6-dinitrophenolates
2−5. The increased lability of 6 is probably because, unlike the 2,6-dinitrophenolates, this anion cannot
effectively chelate separate G8·M2+ octamers via anion−nucleobase hydrogen bonds. In addition to these
structural effects, the anion's basicity modulates the anion exchange rate between its free and bound states.
2D EXSY NMR shows that 3 and 5 exchange about 7 times slower than the less basic picrate (2). The use
of 3, a relatively basic dinitrophenolate that hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of the two “inner” G4-quartets, resulted in extraordinary kinetic stabilization of the G-quadruplex in CD2Cl2. Thus, no isomerization
product (G 1)8·Ba2+·(G 1)8·Sr2+·4(3) was observed even 2 months after the separate G-quadruplexes (G
1)16·2Ba2+·4(3) and (G 1)16·2Sr2+·4(3) were combined in CD2Cl2. In sharp contrast, G-quadruplexes
containing the isomeric 6 anion have isomerization half-lives of approximately t1/2 = 30 min under identical
conditions. All the evidence indicates that the structure and electronics of the organic anions, bound to the
assembly's periphery, are crucial for controlling the kinetic stability of these cation-filled G-quadruplexes
