<敗戦>後文学論(二) : <電車>表象と戦後思想

application/pdf女子大文学. 國文篇 : 大阪女子大學紀要. 2004, 55, p.39-55departmental bulletin pape

産業廃棄物と排出事業者責任《セミナー》

textapplication/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

A Novel Device of Reaching, Grasping, and Retrieving Task for Head-Fixed Mice

Reaching, grasping, and retrieving movements are essential to our daily lives and are common in many mammalian species. To understand the mechanism for controlling this movement at the neural circuit level, it is necessary to observe the activity of individual neurons involved in the movement. For stable electrophysiological or optical recordings of neural activity in a behaving animal, head fixation effectively minimizes motion artifacts. Here, we developed a new device that allows mice to perform reaching, grasping, and retrieving movements during head fixation. In this method, agar cubes were presented as target objects in front of water-restricted mice, and the mice were able to reach, grasp, and retrieve them with their forelimb. The agar cubes were supplied by a custom-made automatic dispenser, which uses a microcontroller to control the two motors to push out the agar cubes. This agar presentation system supplied approximately 20 agar cubes in consecutive trials. We confirmed that each agar cube could be presented to the mouse with an average weight of 55 ± 3 mg and positional accuracy of less than 1 mm. Using this system, we showed that head-fixed mice could perform reaching, grasping, and retrieving tasks after 1 week of training. When the agar cube was placed near the mice, they could grasp it with a high success rate without extensive training. On the other hand, when the agar cube was presented far from the mice, the success rate was initially low and increased with subsequent test sessions. Furthermore, we showed that activity in the primary motor cortex is required for reaching movements in this task. Therefore, our system can be used to study neural circuit mechanisms for the control and learning of reaching, grasping, and retrieving movements under head-fixed conditions

Cerebellar climbing fibers multiplex movement and reward signals during a voluntary movement task in mice

Cerebellar climbing fibers convey sensorimotor information and their errors, which are used for motor control and learning. Furthermore, they represent reward-related information. Despite such functional diversity of climbing fiber signals, it is still unclear whether each climbing fiber conveys the information of single or multiple modalities and how the climbing fibers conveying different information are distributed over the cerebellar cortex. Here we perform two-photon calcium imaging from cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice engaged in a voluntary forelimb lever-pull task and demonstrate that climbing fiber responses in 68% of Purkinje cells can be explained by the combination of multiple behavioral variables such as lever movement, licking, and reward delivery. Neighboring Purkinje cells exhibit similar climbing fiber response properties, form functional clusters, and share noise fluctuations of responses. Taken together, individual climbing fibers convey behavioral information on multiplex variables and are spatially organized into the functional modules of the cerebellar cortex

Observation of B+→pΛ̅γ

journal articl

紛争の構図と政治学的分析視角 ： シリーズ 紛争処理過程の政治学的分析(2)

2008-06-30河野正憲教授退職記念論文集departmental bulletin pape

伊豆大島波浮港における防風林について

application/pdfpostprintA synecological study of shelterbelt plantations was conducted near Habuminato village in the southpart of Oshima Island, Oshima-cho, Tokyo. The shelterbelts, including windbreak forests, hedgerows, and avenue plantations are situated near the villages and fields. They always consist of evergreen broad-leaved trees and shrubs, and are about 8 to 18 meters high. They are classified phytosociologlcally into the following three types. 1) Daphniphyllum teijsmannii-Cinnomomum japonicum type consists of many indigenous trees and shrubs developing in rather old villages. 2) Camellia japonica type is mainly planted along the roads in or between villages. 3) Pasania edulis type is composed of Pasania edulis, transplanted from southern Japan, and is lacking some indigenous species. These three types of shelterbelt plantation protect the village effectively against wind storms and salt spray throughout the year. Both Daphniphyllum teijsmanni-Cinnamomum japonicum and Camellia japonica seem to be more appropriate in this village because they have many indigenous species and coincide with the potential natural vegetation. The blossoms of camellia (Camellia japonica) attract tourists in the early spring. The seeds of camellia are used to produce oil.Contribution from the Department of Vegetation Science, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Yokohama Natlonal University, No.4.departmental bulletin pape

Effects of 25(OH)D₃ on mRNA levels of genes involved in primary human osteoblast differentiation after CYP27B1 silencing.

<p>CYP27B1-silenced and control cells were incubated in the presence of 0 or 400 nM 25(OH)D₃ for 3 days. CYP27B1 knock down was determined before 25(OH)D₃ treatment (<b>A</b>). After 72 hours incubation with 25(OH)D₃, we examined levels of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ (<b>B</b>), 24R,25(OH)₂D₃ (<b>C</b>) and 25(OH)D₃ (<b>D</b>), and mRNA levels of CYP27B1 (<b>E</b>), CYP24 (<b>F</b>), VDR (<b>G</b>), ALP (<b>H</b>), osteocalcin (<b>I</b>) and osteopontin (<b>J</b>) in CYP27B1-silenced and control cells. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM using cells from 5 different donors. Results were analysed using Friedman test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001).</p

Baseline results of PHI-men.

Baseline results of PHI-men.</p