Systematic review on research trends on sensor-based leak detection methods in water distribution systems

A substantial amount of treated water is lost every year due to leakages in water distribution systems. Leakages can be identified and reduced using leakage detection methods, which can be broadly split into computer-based and sensor-based methods. This systematic review focuses on trends in sensor-based leakage detection methods published between 2000 and 2019, following the methodology proposed by PRISMA 2009 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). We conducted a database search using Scopus, obtaining a total of 78 relevant article papers. We categorized the articles based on the primary leakage detection methods discussed, yielding 33 article papers on acoustic methods, 31 article papers on non-acoustic methods, and the remaining article papers on wireless sensor networks (WSN). The highest number of article papers were published in the “Journal of Sound and Vibration”. Between 2000 and 2007 we observed that acoustic leak detection methods were the most widely researched methods within the published literature. After 2008, non-acoustic leak detection methods became more prominent, subsequently followed by an increase in research focusing on WSNs. During the transition period between acoustic methods and WSNs, non-acoustic leak detection methods started to emerge, showing promising results in detecting leakages. Research interest in WSNs substantially increased in 2016. The application of WSN methods for leakage detection shows a promising advancement in sensor-based leakage detection methods and opportunities for improvement in the future

2013 Commencement Program, Sawyer Business School

https://dc.suffolk.edu/comm/1186/thumbnail.jp

Model pengembangan masyarakat melalui budidaya peternakan kambing oleh lembaga Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Tengah di Dukuh Gedungan Kelurahan Karang Malang Mijen Semarang

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembangunan masyarakat melalui pemberdayaan yang kurang optimal dalam proses pengembangannya. Penilitian ini berupaya untuk mengetahui model pengembangan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Lembaga Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Tengah kepada masyarakat kelompok Tani Tunas Muda dukuh Gedungan kelurahan Karangmalang Mijen Semarang dalam upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui pendidikan dan ekonomi. Adapun tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui model pengembangan yang diterapkan dan relevansinya serta tingkat keberhasilan dari model pengembangan yang diterapkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian yaitu dengan metode observasi partisipatoris, indepth interview, dan dokumentasi. Data primer berupa data yang didapat langsung oleh penulis dari hasil wawancara dengan informan dalam penelitian ini, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen yang dibutuhkan guna melengkapi data dalam penelitian. Subjek di dalam penelitian ini adalah para peternak yang tergabung dalam kelompok Tani Tunas Muda Dukuh Gedungan Kelurahan Karangmalang Kecamatan Mijen Kota Semarang, Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Tengah, dan dokumen dari Kelurahan Karangmalang. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga model pengembangan masyarakat milik Jack Rothman sebagai kerangka teori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model pengembangan masyarakat yang diterapkan dalam pengembangan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Tengah terhadap para peternak kelompok Tani Tunas Muda ini adalah pengembangan masyarakat lokal dengan melihat latar belakang dan memanfaatkan potensi lokal yang berupa budidaya kambing. Dalam teori pengembangan masyarakat model pengembangan masyarakat lokal, menitik beratkan pada partisipasi aktif dan tujuan kemandirian kelompok Tani Tunas Muda untuk menunjang keberhasil proses pengembangan masyarakat. Pengembangan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Tengah terhadap para peternak kelompok Tani Tunas Muda dapat dikatakan cukup berhasil karena kelompok tani Tunas Muda sudah mampu mandiri mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki dan sudah memiliki rancangan program pengembangan yang cukup jelas di tahun 2020 in

Multiple Surface Pipeline Leak Detection Using Real-Time Sensor Data Analysis

Pipelines enable the largest volume of both intra and international transportation of oil and gas and play critical roles in the energy sufficiency of countries. The biggest drawback with the use of pipelines for oil and gas transportation is the problem of oil spills whenever the pipelines lose containment. The severity of the oil spill on the environment is a function of the volume of the spill and this is a function of the time taken to detect the leak and contain the spill from the pipeline. A single leak on the Enbridge pipeline spilled 3.3 million liters into the Kalamazoo river while a pipeline rupture in North Dakota which went undetected for 143 days spilled 29 million gallons into the environment.Several leak detection systems (LDS) have been developed with the capacity for rapid detection and localization of pipeline leaks, but the characteristics of these LDS limit their leak detection capability. Machine learning provides an opportunity to develop faster LDS, but it requires access to pipeline leak datasets that are proprietary in nature and not readily available. Current LDS have difficulty in detecting low-volume/low-pressure spills located far away from the inlet and outlet pressure sensors. Some reasons for this include the following, leak induced pressure variation generated by these leaks is dissipated before it gets to the inlet and outlet pressure sensors, another reason is that the LDS are designed for specific minimum detection levels which is a percentage of the flow volume of the pipeline, so when the leak falls below the LDS minimum detection value, the leak will not be detected. Perturbations generated by small volume leaks are often within the threshold values of the pipeline\u27s normal operational envelop as such the LDS disregards these perturbations. These challenges have been responsible for pipeline leaks going on for weeks only to be detected by third-party persons in the vicinity of the leaks. This research has been able to develop a framework for the generation of pipeline datasets using the PIPESIM software and the RAND function in Python. The topological data of the pipeline right of way, the pipeline network design specification, and the fluid flow properties are the required information for this framework. With this information, leaks can be simulated at any point on the pipeline and the datasets generated. This framework will facilitate the generation of the One-class dataset for the pipeline which can be used for the development of LDS using machine learning. The research also developed a leak detection topology for detecting low-volume leaks. This topology comprises of the installation of a pressure sensor with remote data transmission capacity at the midpoint of the line. The sensor utilizes the exception-based transmission scheme where it only transmits when the new data differs from the existing data value. This will extend the battery life of the sensor. The installation of the sensor at the midpoint of the line was found to increase the sensitivity of the LDS to leak-induced pressure variations which were traditionally dissipated before getting to the Inlet/outlet sensors. The research also proposed the development of a Leak Detection as a Service (LDaaS) platform where the pressure data from the inlet and the midpoint sensors are collated and subjected to a specially developed leak detection algorithm for the detection of pipeline leaks. This leak detection topology will enable operators to detect low-volume/low-pressure leaks that would have been missed by the existing leak detection system and deploy the oil spill response plans quicker thus reducing the volume of oil spilled into the environment. It will also provide a platform for regulators to monitor the leak alerts as they are generated and enable them to evaluate the oil spill response plans of the operators

Filsafat, Etika, dan Kearifan Lokal untuk Konstruksi Moral Kebangsaan

"This volume in the Focus series is the result of a partnership between Globethics.net and the Indonesian Consortium for Religious Studies (ICRS), Yogyakarta, a consortium of three universities: Universitas Gadjah Mada, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga, and Duta Wacana Christian University. Eleven contributions by students, academics and young professionals – some in English, others in Bahasa Indonesia – consider the role of philosophy, ethics and local wisdom in the moral construction of the nation. As befits a nation as diverse as Indonesia, they discuss a wide range of questions: Pancasila ethics and governance, ethics in science, blogging ethics, business ethics, gender equality, human cloning, the theology of forgiveness, postcolonial perspectives on Christian mission, religious radicalism, and the use of religions to build up or divide communities. A second set of articles is published simultaneously in a companion volume on Islamic ethics and social problems in Indonesia and beyond

Upaya Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar membaca Al-Qur’an pada Siswa Kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Malang

ABSTRAK Dalam kegiatan belajar yang dilakukan siswa tidaklah selalu lancar seperti apa yang diharapkan. Kadang-kadang mereka mengalami kesulitan atau hambatan dalam kegiatan belajar dalam hal ini kesulitan membaca Al-Qur’an. Tapi tidak semua siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar. Berbagai kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa adalah masih banyak ditemui kesalahan siswa dalam membaca Al-Qur’an, misalnya ada beberapa siswa yang masih terbata-bata dalam membaca, belum mampu mempraktikkan bacaan mad dengan benar yaitu terkadang bacaan mad tidak dibaca panjang dan yang seharusnya pendek malah dibaca panjang. Siswa juga masih banyak melakukan kesalahan dalam hal membaca hukum bacaan yang dibaca dengung dan yang tidak dibaca dengung itu disebabkan siswa tersebut tidak menyukai pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, mereka lebih senang dengan pelajaran umum seperti Saintek. Sedangkan pada kenyataannya porsi jam pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada kurikulum (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) ini hanya 2 jam perminggu. Oleh karena itu peneliti ingin mencoba mengungkap bagaimana upaya Guru PAI dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar membaca Al-Qur’an pada siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Malang. Melihat fenomena di atas, maka peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti keberadaan sekolah tersebut yaitu di SMA Negeri 1 Malang. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan upaya Guru PAI dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar membaca Al-Qur’an pada siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Malang dengan segala faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Untuk memperoleh data dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dari data yang dihasilkan melalui metode observasi, interview dan dokumenter. Kesimpulan yang ditarik dari hasil penelitian adalah: Upaya Guru PAI dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar membaca Al-Qur’an siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Malang: Memilih metode pembelajaran secara tepat, penggunaan media yang bervariasi, berusaha dengan lebih telaten dalam memahamkan siswa agar bisa diminimalkan dan selalu berusaha menjelaskan kembali siswa yang kesulitan membaca Al-Qur’an, seringnya guru memberikan tugas kokurikuler (PR), memberikan peringatan kepada siswa, serta selalu memberikan motivasi bagi siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. Saran-saran dalam penelitian ini bagi guru PAI adalah sudah semestinya seorang guru yang mengajar Al-Qur’an harus profesional dalam bidangnya dan sudah menunjukkan hasil yang baik

Conflict and transnational crime: borders, bullets and business in Southeast Asia

Exploring the links between armed conflict and transnational crime, Florian Weigand builds on in-depth empirical research into some of Southeast Asia’s murkiest borders. The disparate voices of drug traffickers, rebel fighters, government officials and victims of armed conflict are heard in Conflict and Transnational Crime, exploring perspectives that have been previously disregarded in understanding the field. Weigand’s nuanced comparative analysis of four border regions in Southeast Asia counters the stereotypical view that conflict zones are lawless areas in which all kinds of criminal activities flourish. Chapters illustrate the logic that determines the relationship between armed conflict and transnational crime. Further, the book analyses how smuggling economies function in conflict zones, explaining why some rebel groups are involved in the smuggling economy more than others, and why state actors actually play a much more crucial role. This crucial study will be a compelling read for international relations, political sociology and development studies scholars. The in-depth analysis of real-life situations will also greatly benefit policy-makers and aid organisations looking to better support areas at the heart of conflict and transnational crime