Gauge transformations of Spin-Orbit interactions in graphene

Inclusion of spin-dependent interactions in graphene in the vicinity of the Dirac points can be posed in terms of non-Abelian gauge potentials. Such gauge potentials being surrogates of physical electric fields and material parameters, only enjoy a limited gauge freedom. A general gauge transformation thus in general changes the physical model. We argue that this property can be useful in connecting reference physical situations, such as free particle or Rashba interactions to non-trivial physical Hamiltonians with a new set of spin-orbit interactions, albeit constrained to being isoenergetic. We analyse different combinations of spin-orbit interactions in the case of monolayer graphene and show how they are related by means of selected non-Abelian gauge transformations

LLS: Consciousness-Raising of the Latino/Communities Diversity

In Latinas/os everyday lives, their culture and their race are objectified and marginalized. Historically, this is represented in the assumption that Latin-American culture is ???Latino??? culture, when their experiences are in actuality quite different. This conflation led to the establishment of Latina/o Studies here at the University of Illinois. All our group members have been students in Latina/o Studies classes, and we have conducted interviews with people in these classes, observed these classes, and handed out surveys to try and discover the reasons behind students??? interest in Latina/o Studies classes. We also asked these students in our interviews about their experiences as Latinas/os in a predominantly white university, the stereotypes they face, and the extra challenges of being a minority student here. We have come to the conclusion that ethnographic research on the Latino Community is challenging and fruitful, although we have only begun to scratch the surface. There are so many aspects to being ???Latino??? that the array of possibilities cannot be fully determined. We have, however, discussed the challenges that Latinos face in terms of education, stereotypes as well as racisms.unpublishe

Desarrollo de la comprensi?n lectora en estudiantes del grado primero jornada tarde, de la Instituci?n Educativa Liceo Nacional de Ibagu? a partir de la interacci?n l?dica y la expresi?n corporal

179 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente trabajo de investigaci?n fue realizado en el a?o 2016 con 32 ni?as estudiantes del grado primero de primaria del Liceo Nacional de Ibagu?. Se trata de una experiencia en la que por medio del juego y la expresi?n corporal buscamos que las ni?as del curso lograran mejores niveles de interacci?n comunicativa y de expresi?n de su interioridad como fundamento para el desarrollo del proceso lector que deb?an encarar en esa etapa de la vida. La idea central que desarrolla el trabajo es que cuando se obtienen mejores niveles de expresi?n corporal, de interacci?n l?dica y afectiva, la base oral del lenguaje con el que llegan los ni?os al colegio se ve enriquecida con la experiencia de identificar emociones en el otro a la vez que se expresan las propias y de reconocer en el otro a un sujeto en capacidad de comunicar y que por tanto necesita ser percibido. Estos elementos resultan determinantes en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en el comienzo del proceso escolar con lo cual se busca potenciar no s?lo la capacidad histri?nica de los aprendices sino su manera de convertir en s?mbolos gr?ficos toda la experiencia de comunicaci?n aprendida con anterioridad. La lectura es uno de los procesos pedag?gicos del lenguaje y debe facultar al individuo para acceder al conocimiento, por tanto, no se trata solamente de que reconozca o aprenda s?mbolos gr?ficos con su valor fon?tico o morfol?gico sino de que aprenda a interactuar simb?licamente con sus compa?eros y con el conocimiento por medio del lenguaje. As? mismo, la lectura es un proceso mental de construcci?n y desarrollo de una serie de habilidades del pensamiento que todo individuo debe llevar a cabo y consolidar en la construcci?n del conocimiento. Este proceso resulta potenciado cuando se hace a partir del desarrollo de la parte l?dica, afectiva y expresiva de los ni?os por cuanto la participaci?n en espacios de interacci?n genera el crecimiento y afianzamiento de la base oral fundamental para el aprendizaje de la lectura como proceso creativo. Palabras Claves: Proceso de Lecto-escritura, Expresi?n corporal, Interacci?n L?dica y comunicativa.The present research work was carried out in 2016 with 32 students of the first grade of primary school of the Liceo Nacional de Ibagu?. It is an experience in which through play and physical expression we seek that the girls of the course achieve better levels of communicative interaction and expression of their interiority as a basis for the development of the reading process that they had to face at that stage of their lifetime. The main idea that the work develops is that when better levels of corporal expression, of playful and affective interaction are achieved, the oral basis of the language with which children arrive at school is enriched with the experience of identifying emotions in the other the time they express their own and recognize in the other a subject able to communicate and therefore needs to be perceived. These elements are decisive in the learning of literacy at the beginning of the school process, which seeks to enhance not only the histrionic capacity of the learners but also their way of converting all the communication experience previously learned into graphic symbols. Reading is one of the pedagogical processes of language and must empower the individual to access knowledge; therefore, the aim is not only that the learner recognizes or learns graphic symbols with their phonetic or morphological value but that he learns to interact symbolically with his classmates and with knowledge through language. Otherwise, reading is a mental process of construction and development of a series of thinking skills that every individual must carry out and consolidate in the construction of knowledge. This process is enhanced when it is made starting from the development of the playful, affective and expressive part of the children since participation in interaction spaces generates the growth and consolidation of the fundamental oral base for the learning of reading and writing. Keyworks: processes of language, expression, communicative interaction and expressio

Age And Cohort Effects On Regional Migration In Turkey

This article investigates current age cohort effects on regional migration in Turkey and compares the results of this study with the results of a similar study made for the period of 1985-1990. It has been widely investigated in developed countries for years whereas it is more recent subject in developing countries like Turkey. The waste amount of migration from economically backward east and southeastern regions of Turkey has been continuing during the half-century with a decreasing degree. This is not just an increase in urban population but also transformation of its economy, politics, urban structure, social fabric, public facilities, life style as well as its relationships to the international arena. It is expected that the new settlement system simultaneously generated a new pattern of growth and interaction. The results of the study illustrate that the division of regional migration among the age groups represents a similar pattern with different degrees except some points. The age group between the 20-24 has the highest amount of migrants with respect to other age groups between 2007-2011. However, the similar study made for 1985-1990 indicates that ages between 24 to 29 has the highest rates. Although, this study is made nearly 30 years after the older one, the highest age periods are almost the same. The reason why those groups have the highest migration rates is to find attractive jobs and to have higher education. The difference in this ratio is higher in developed regions when it is compared to less developed regions of Turkey. On the other hand, later age migration is increasing towards whether the Marmara or Central Anatolian regions between 2007-2011. The reason is that some families migrate with their children coming to these regions for educational reasons. Moreover, some older migrants prefer accommodations in south due to low living costs and mild climate. The in-migration to Mediterranean region was increasing as the cohort shifts become older because of amenity reasons which is similar in the western countries. These amenity migrants are strongly attracted by pleasant climate and favorable economic conditions. Meanwhile, those probably return to their hometown which can be called as return-migration. Both studies illustrate that developed regions grow more rapidly compared to less developed or developing regions. However, this trend is not something that is equally distributed among all accommodations. Key Words: Cohort shift, migration, regional, age, immigrant, Turkey

Caracterizacion curricular en la instituci?n educativa Totarco Dinde del municipio de Coyaima

39 P?ginasLa investigaci?n fue de tipo cualitativo, con enfoque hist?rico hermen?utico para comprender los sentidos y pr?cticas en la relaci?n escuela y etnia en las comunidades ind?genas Coyaima ? Tolima. La investigaci?n contemplo cuatro fases: Fase preparatoria, que se inici? a partir de unos referentes te?ricos teniendo en cuenta conceptos etnoeducativos, para enmarcar los procesos ?tnicos, educativos, interculturales, que dieron pauta para la pregunta de investigaci?n. La fase de trabajo de campo, donde se cont? con una poblaci?n, la cual determin? la unidad de an?lisis que particip? dentro del proceso investigativo, con caracter?sticas como la condici?n de etnoeducador, estudiantes y padres de familia, cumpliendo con el par?metro de ser resguardados. La fase anal?tica, que consisti? en la transcripci?n de los datos suministrados por los instrumentos (Gu?as de entrevista y de observaci?n) y las t?cnicas (entrevista semiestructurada, grupo focal y observaci?n participante), apoyados por matrices de codificaci?n de datos en torno a las categor?as de an?lisis; buscando responder a la pregunta investigativa. Y finalmente, se plante? una fase informativa que consisti? en hacer p?blicos los hallazgos de la investigaci?n, a trav?s de la construcci?n del informe final del proyecto y publicaci?n de art?culo individual.ABSTRACT. He research was qualitative, with hermeneutic historical approach to understanding the meanings and practices in school and ethnic relationship in indigenous communities Coyaima - Tolima. The survey involved four phases: Preparatory phase, which started from a theoretical framework considering ethnic education concepts to frame ethnic, educational, intercultural processes, which gave guidelines for the research question. The phase of fieldwork, where it had a population, which determined the analysis unit that participated in the research process, with features such as the condition of etnoeducador, students and parents, meeting the parameter to be protected. The analytical phase, which consisted in transcribing the data supplied by the instruments (interview guides and observation) and techniques (semi-structured interviews, focus groups and participant observation), supported by data coding matrices around categories analysis; looking to answer the research question. And finally, an informative phase was to make public the findings of the investigation was raised through the construction of the final project report and publication of individual item.INTRODUCCI?N 10 1. OBJETIVOS 12 1.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 12 1.2. OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 12 2. JUSTIFICACI?N 13 3. PROBLEMATIZACI?N 14 3.1 PREGUNTA GENERAL 14 4. MARCO TE?RICO 15 4.1 CONCEPTO DE ETNOEDUCACI?N 15 4.2 MARCO LEGAL 16 4.3 CONCEPTO DE LA COSMOVISI?N EN LAS COMUNIDADES IND?GENAS 21 4.3.1 Comunitaria y participativa 21 4.3.2 Intercultural y biling?e 21 4.3.3 Flexible y progresiva 22 4.3.4 Rec?proca y productiva 22 4.4 DESCRIPCI?N DE ASPECTOS ANTROPOL?GICOS DE LA COMUNIDAD PIJ?O. 22 4.5 CARACTER?STICAS POBLACIONALES 25 4.5.1 Deficiencias educativas de las comunidades ind?genas 26 4.5.2 La Etnoeducacion como alternativa de desarrollo 27 5. DISE?O METODOLOGICO 28 6. ANALISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS 31 7. CONCLUSIONES 37 RECOMENDACIONES 38 REFERENCIAS 3

La importancia del juego en el desarrollo motriz del ni?o en la edad preescolar de la instituci?n educativa exalumnas de la presentaci?n de Ibagu? Tolima

66 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste proyecto de investigaci?n fue realizado con el fin de conocer las dificultades motrices de las estudiantes de preescolar de la Instituci?n Educativa Exalumnas de la Presentaci?n de la ciudad de Ibagu?, en los aspectos l?dicos deportivos, desarrollo psicol?gico, social y aprendizajes. Pretendiendo aplicar estrategias pedag?gicas donde el juego sea la herramienta para el desarrollo motriz de la edad preescolar. Es as?, que este trabajo de investigaci?n descriptivo tiene como finalidad definir, clasificar y caracterizar el objeto de estudio sobre la importancia del juego en el desarrollo de las ni?as, d?ndonos como resultado una muestra cualitativa, observacional donde se registrar el comportamiento habitual de los educandos. De igual forma nos basamos en autores como Piaget que nos muestra el juego y los juguetes como "materiales ?tiles" para el desarrollo psicomotor, sensorio motor, cognitivo, del pensamiento l?gico y del lenguaje en el ni?o y Vigotsky que habla del juego como instrumento y recurso socio-cultural, el papel gozoso de ser un elemento impulsor del desarrollo mental del ni?o, facilitando el desarrollo de las funciones superiores del entendimiento tales como la atenci?n o la memoria voluntaria. Como resultados esperados se busca que por medio del juego se puedan desarrollar dichas habilidades motrices de las ni?as de la instituci?n educativa exalumnas de la presentaci?n teniendo en cuenta lo anteriormente nombrado y con el apoyo de directivos docentes y dem?s entes que nos pueden brindar su colaboraci?n y aportes para la realizaci?n de dicho proyecto.This research project was carried out with the purpose of knowing the motor difficulties of the preschool students of the Educational Institution Exalumnas of the Presentation of Ibague city, in the sporting aspects, psychological, social development and learning. Pretending to apply pedagogical strategies where the game is the tool for the motor development of the preschool age. Thus, this descriptive research aims to define, classify and characterize the object of study on the importance of game in the development of girls, giving us as a result a qualitative, observational sample where the usual behavior of learners. Likewise, we are based on authors such as Piaget who shows us the game and toys as "useful materials" for the psychomotor, sensory motor, cognitive development of logical thinking and language in the child and Vigotsky that speaks of the game as an instrument and Socio-cultural resource, the joyful role of being a driving force of the child's mental development, facilitating the development of higher functions of understanding such as attention or voluntary memory. As expected results it is sought that through the game can be developed such motor skills of the girls of the educational institution exalumnas of the presentation taking into account the aforementioned and with the support of teaching directors and other entities that can provide their collaboration and contributions for the realization of this project. Keywords: Motor, game, learning, strategy, development, psychological, socia

El cuerpo ritual, paisaje y territorio

44 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste proyecto nace con el inter?s de explorar mi quehacer como artista, Realizo ejercicios de performance como un hecho ritual y art?stico en el departamento del Tolima, Reconociendo el territorio como un espacio de complejidades f?sicas y est?ticas que hacen parte del paisaje creando identidad por el territorio que se habita. De esta manera se realiza una exploraci?n ahondando en las materias org?nicas del territorio tales como las arcillas de diferentes lugares, materialidades escult?ricas en la etapa de creaci?n del proyecto. Empleo el cuerpo como un instrumento de creaci?n y conexi?n con la tierra para explorar el territorio, Un cuerpo que denomino primer territorio de exploraci?n, el cual est? siendo permeado por experiencias propias del performance, Tomando as? el camuflaje como iniciativa de interpretaci?n para habitar paisajes naturales tales como payande, Carmen de Apical?, Nevado del Tolima entre otros, donde el cuerpo experimenta la sensibilidad y espacialidad siendo el tiempo el mediador para tener una experiencia con el camuflaje que genera una desaparici?n o perdida ficticia de la individualidad e identidad en miras de anular mi propia existencia, Creando as? una mirada aptica o metamorfosis y exponiendo mi cuerpo f?sico como una superficie simb?lica de transformaci?n, que ejerce fuerzas f?sicas y ps?quicas sobre un cuerpo que est? siendo interpretado como un cuerpo ritual impregnado por la naturaleza creando una analog?a entre tierra y piel para darle continuidad al cuerpo y el paisaje.This project was born with the interest of hearing my eye as an artist, I perform exercises as a ritual and artistic event in the state of Tolima, Recognizing the territory as a space of physical and aesthetic complexities that are part of the landscape that create identity by The territory that is inhabited In this way an exploration is carried out in the organic matters of the territory stories such as clays from different places, sculptural material in the stage of creation of the project. I use the body as an instrument of creation and connection with the earth to explore the territory, a body that I call the first territory of exploration, which is being permeated by experiences of the operation, thus taking camouflage as the initiative of interpretation for landscapes Natural Tales like payande, Carmen of Apical?, Nevada del Tolima among others, where the body experiences the sensibility and the spatiality the time the mediator to have an experience with the camouflage that generates a disappearance or fictional loss of the individuality and the identity in sights Of annulling My own existence, thus creating a fit look or metamorphosis and exposing my physical body as a symbolic surface of transformation, exerting physical and psychic forces on a body that is being interpreted as a ritual body impregnated by nature creating an analogy between Earth and Skin to give continuity to the body and landscape. Key words: Body, Territory, Landscape, Ritual, Sensitive exploration, Cartographies, Skin, Mimesis, footprints, Continuity folds.Maestro en Artes Pl?sticas y Visuale

Agronomic and zootechnical assessment of Colosoana grass (Bothriochloa pertusa) in dry tropics of Tolima.

P?ginas 36-40Recurso Electr?nicoLas pasturas colombianas en tierras del tr?pico bajo est?n constituidas por gram?neas de alto potencial productivo como Panicum maximum, Dichanthium aristatum, Brachiarias y algunas especies naturalizadas como Bothriochloa pertusa. Esta ?ltima ha colonizado en forma r?pida diferentes tierras ganaderas, desplazando otras especies cultivadas. El objetivo del estudio apunto a evaluar la respuesta de B. pertusa en un sistema silvopastoril. Dos tratamientos fueron evaluados: una pastura monofitica de Colosoana (SM) y una pastura de B. pertusa asociado con Leucaena leucocephala bajo un sistema silvopastoril (SSP), en los cuales, par?metros morfoagron?micos, bromatol?gicos y zoot?cnicos fueron realizados. Algunos resultados alcanzados fueron: la prote?na cruda del pasto fue 8,3%, y 6,81 para los tratamientos SM y SSP; respecto al ?rea foliar se observaron valores de 30 cm2 y 61 cm2, en SM y SSP, respectivamente fueron alcanzados. Por otro lado los datosrelacionados con ganancia diaria de peso en bovinos demuestran que existe una tendencia a incrementar peso en las pasturas monof?ticas (802,1 ? 331,6 g/d?a) versus el sistema silvopastoril (625,18 ? 386,9 g/d?a). En conclusi?n, los datos encontrados en el estudio revelan que el comportamiento del pasto Colosoana present? mejores resultados bajo el sistema convencional (SM),donde hay ausencia de la sombra de la Leucaena, posiblemente, debido a su baja capacidad de tolerar el sombr?o.ABSTRACT. Pastures from tropical low lands of Colombia are made up of adapted species of high productive potentials, like Panicum maximum, Dichanthiumaristatum, Brachiarias and some naturalized species like Bothriochloa pertusa. The latter has colonized quickly different livestock lands, displacing other cultivated species. This study aimed to evaluate the B. pertusa productive answer under a silvopastoral system; it was carried out in Pajonales livestock farm, located in Ambalema municipality (Tolima). Two treatments were evaluated: A monophyticpasture of Colosoana grass (SM) and a pasture of Bothriochloa pertusa grass associated to Leucaenaleucocephala, under a silvopastoral system (SSP), in which, agronomic, bromatologic and productive parameters were evaluated. Some results reached were: Crude protein of B. pertusa grass (33 days regrowth) was 8,3%, and 6,81 SM and SSP treatments, respectively; regarding leaf area values 30 and 61 cm2, in SM and SSP, respectively were reached. On the other hand, daily weight gain rates (DWG) show a tendency to increase weight in monoculture pasture (802,1 ? 331,6 Kg/day) versus the SSP (625,18 ? 386,9 Kg/day). In conclusion, data found showed that Colosoana grass had a better productive answer under conventional cultivation (SM), where the shade of Leucaena was absent, probably because its low capacity to tolerate shade